美国专利主张实体的运营模式、诉讼策略及应对措施研究
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摘要
由于专利主张实体对专利制度的影响不断扩大,近年来美国学者与政府机构对这类主体展开了一系列调查与研究。根据最新研究数据,国内对专利主张实体与专利保护实际情况的认知存在一定偏差和不足。鉴于此,在美国联邦贸易委员会调查及最新实证数据基础上,研究专利主张实体类型、运营模式、诉讼策略及其对技术创新的影响,分析美国当前采取的诉讼制度改革等应对措施,提出适用于我国的对策建议。
As the impact of Patent Assertion Entity on patent system is expanding, American scholars and government agencies have begun to conduct a series of investigations and studies on it in recent years. According to the latest research data, there are some deviations and deficiencies between the understanding of Patent Assertion Entities and the actual situation in some domestic studies. Based on the Federal Trade Commission survey and the latest empirical data, this paper analyses the types, operation modes, litigation strategies of Patent Assertion Entities and their impact on technological innovation. This paper studies the measures taken by the United States to reform the litigation system, and puts forward some suggestions for China.
As the impact of Patent Assertion Entity on patent system is expanding, American scholars and government agencies have begun to conduct a series of investigations and studies on it in recent years. According to the latest research data, there are some deviations and deficiencies between the understanding of Patent Assertion Entities and the actual situation in some domestic studies. Based on the Federal Trade Commission survey and the latest empirical data, this paper analyses the types, operation modes, litigation strategies of Patent Assertion Entities and their impact on technological innovation. This paper studies the measures taken by the United States to reform the litigation system, and puts forward some suggestions for China.
引文
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[2] SLS.Stanford NPE litigation dataset[R].California:Stanford Law School,2018.
[3] 薛亚军.专利蟑螂规制措施研究[J].南京理工大学学报,2016(5):65-70.
[4] 王旭玲.对“专利蟑螂”滥诉行为法律规制的正当性分析[J].兰州大学学报,2015(5):95-101.
[5] 高戚昕峤.专利蟑螂:法理危机与遏制之道[J].河北法学,2016(10):180-189.
[6] FTC.The evolving IP marketplace:aligning patent notice and remedies with competition[R].Washington D.C.:Federal Trade Commission,2011.
[7] FTC.Patent assertion entity activity[R].Washington D.C.:Federal Trade Commission,2016.
[8] 吴艳.论美国打击专利投机的政策和措施[J].科学管理研究,2014(2):117-120.
[9] EOP.Patent assertion and U.S.innovation[R].Washington D.C.:The Executive Office of The President,2013.
[10] COLLEEN V,CHIEN.From arms race to marketplace:the new complex patent ecosystem and its implications for the patent system[J].Hastings Law Journal,2010,62:328-330.
[11] NATHAN MYHRVOLD.The big idea:funding eureka [J].Harvard Business Review,2010(3):1202-1203.
[12] AIPLA.Report of the economic survey[R].Washington D.C.:The American Intellectual Property Law Association,2018.
[13] 胡允银,林霖.当代专利制度改革的理论思潮:劫持论与反向劫持论[J].科技进步与对策,2016(8):113-117.
[14] PWC.Patent litigation study:a change in patentee fortunes[R].Washington D.C:Price Waterhouse Coopers,2018.
[15] RPX.NPE litigation,patent marketplace and NPE cost[R].Washington D.C:Rational Patent Exchange Corporation,2019.
[16] 张健,梅强,李文元.中小企业与专利流氓专利策略选择的演化博弈研究[J].科学与科学技术管理,2014(5):19-26.
[17] MICHAEL RISCH.Patent troll myths[J].Seton Hall Law Review,2012(43):498.
[18] 贺宁馨.专利钓饵对中国专利制度的挑战及其防范措施研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013(1):12-19.
[19] 张迎春.法律背景差异下非专利实施主体规制选择——以中美比较为例[J].科技进步与对策,2016(11):103-107.
[20] ROBIN FELDMAN,MARK A LEMLEY.Do patent licensing demands mean innovation[J].IOWA Law Review,2015(101):176.
[21] OCTANE FITNESS,LLC V.ICON Health & fitness,inc.,134 S.Ct.1749[Z].2014.
[22] NIRAV DESAI,LAUREN JOHNSON.Octane fitness,two years on:how it has impacted district courts′ award of attorneys′ fees in patent cases[J].Legal Backgrounder,2016,31:1-4.
[23] TC HEARTLAND LLC V.Kraft foods group brands LLC,581 U.S.[Z].2017.
[24] LM.TC Heartland,legal trends,one year later[R].California:Lex Machina,2018.
[25] CRS.Where can corporations be sued for patent infringement[R].Washington D.C:Congressional Research Service,2018.
[26] BOB GOODLATTE.Innovation act 2015 [EB/OL].https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/9,2015-02-05.
[27] CHUCK GRASSLEY.Patent act 2015 [EB/OL].https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/1137,2015-04-29.
[28] 2018年度知识产权统计数据发布[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-01/10/content_5356787.htm,2019-01-10.
[29] 2018年中国专利调查报告[R].北京:国家知识产权局,2018.
[30] 米强.加拿大Wilan在华起诉索尼专利侵权[EB/OL].http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001070027,2016-11-07.
[31] 佑斌.利用专利“敲诈勒索”?专利纠纷应慎用刑法[EB/OL].http://www.iprdaily.cn/article_19452.html,2018-07-23.
[32] 曾莉,戚功琼.对“专利流氓”“鲶鱼效应”的思考与建议[J].科技管理研究,2017(15):186-190.