基于生物稳定性的贮存水水质变化规律及消毒策略
|
摘要
通过对贮存水中可同化有机碳(AOC)、微生物再生长潜能(BRP)及细菌总数(HPC)等微生物指标变化规律的了解,探究饮用水贮存过程中细菌二次生长、生物稳定性下降等问题。结果表明:在贮存过程中,HPC呈现先上升后下降的趋势;而AOC及BRP则在贮存初期(2 d内)出现上升,后基本保持稳定。通过向贮存水中投加不同浓度的氯或氯胺,研究了不同种类、不同浓度的消毒剂对贮存水HPC的影响及其衰减速率的变化规律。结果表明:随着氯或氯胺初始投加量的增加,HPC开始增加及达到峰值所需时间延长,且HPC峰值下降;当氯或氯胺初始投加量达到1.0 mg·L~(-1)以上,贮存水中氯残留量>0.05 mg·L~(-1)或氯胺残留量>0.5 mg·L~(-1)时,即可保证贮存过程HPC<100 CFU·mL~(-1)。与氯消毒相比,氯胺消毒剂的衰减速率更为缓慢,可长期维持贮存水中较高的消毒剂残留,进而控制贮存水中HPC处于相对较低的范围,更有利于保证贮存水生物的稳定性。
In this study, the change regulations of microbial indicators such as assimilable organic carbon(AOC), bacterial regrowth potential(BRP) and heterotrophic plate count(HPC) in storage water were determined,and the problems of bacteria secondary growth and biological stability decrease were investigated. The results showed that during the storage process, HPC presented an initial increase and then decrease trend, while AOC and BRP increased during the initial stages of storage(within 2 days), and maintained stable afterwards. Through dosing chlorine or chloramine with different concentrations to the storage water, the effects of different disinfectant types and concentrations on HPC and its decay rate were studied. The results showed that with the increase of the initial dosage of chlorine or chloramine, the time for initial increase and approaching peak value of HPC was prolonged, while the HPC peak value decreased. When the initial dosage of chlorine or chloramine was no less than 1.0 mg·L~(-1), then the residual contents of chlorine or chloramine in the storage water remained greater than 0.05 mg·L~(-1) or 0.5 mg·L~(-1), respectively, HPC could maintain less than 100 CFU·mL~(-1) during storage process. Compared with chlorine disinfection, the chloramine disinfectant demonstrated a slower decay rate and maintained a higher disinfectant residue in the storage water for a long time, which could control HPC in a relatively low range and ensure the biological stability of storage water.
In this study, the change regulations of microbial indicators such as assimilable organic carbon(AOC), bacterial regrowth potential(BRP) and heterotrophic plate count(HPC) in storage water were determined,and the problems of bacteria secondary growth and biological stability decrease were investigated. The results showed that during the storage process, HPC presented an initial increase and then decrease trend, while AOC and BRP increased during the initial stages of storage(within 2 days), and maintained stable afterwards. Through dosing chlorine or chloramine with different concentrations to the storage water, the effects of different disinfectant types and concentrations on HPC and its decay rate were studied. The results showed that with the increase of the initial dosage of chlorine or chloramine, the time for initial increase and approaching peak value of HPC was prolonged, while the HPC peak value decreased. When the initial dosage of chlorine or chloramine was no less than 1.0 mg·L~(-1), then the residual contents of chlorine or chloramine in the storage water remained greater than 0.05 mg·L~(-1) or 0.5 mg·L~(-1), respectively, HPC could maintain less than 100 CFU·mL~(-1) during storage process. Compared with chlorine disinfection, the chloramine disinfectant demonstrated a slower decay rate and maintained a higher disinfectant residue in the storage water for a long time, which could control HPC in a relatively low range and ensure the biological stability of storage water.
引文
[1]谢朝新.水长期贮存对水质的影响及超声-电凝聚水处理技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[2]张永良,郑世英,郑铁钢.二氯异氰尿酸钠消毒坑道储水的影响因素分析[J].人民军医,2000,43(7):374-375.
[3]闫松林,周从直.长期贮存饮用水微生物指标稳定技术研究[J].西南给排水,2002,24(4):6-9.
[4]ESHCOL J,MAHAPATRA P,KESHAPAGU S.Is fecal contamination of drinking water after collection associated with household water handling and hygiene practices?A study of urban slum households in Hyderabad,India[J].Journal of Water and Health,2009,7(1):145-154.
[5]ZWANE A P,KREMER M.What works in fighting diarrheal diseases in developing countries?A critical review[J].World Bank Research Observer,2007,22(1):1-24.
[6]LI G Q,YU T,WU Q Y,et al.Development of an ATP luminescence-based method for assimilable organic carbon determination in reclaimed water[J].Water Research,2017,123:345-352.
[7]HAMMES F,BERGER C,KOSTERO O,et al.Assessing biological stability of drinking water without disinfectant residuals in a full-scale water supply system[J].Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-AQUA,2010,59(1):31-40.
[8]赵文君,高建恩,许秀泉,等.不同材质水窖贮存雨水水质变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):20-23.
[9]方振东,李宏,马颖.坑道工程贮存水水质变化规律研究[J].后勤工程学院学报,2003,19(2):1-4.
[10]王立民,胡荣忠,闫松林.长期贮存饮用水细菌学指标实验研究[C]//解放军总后勤部.2004北京国际军事环保研讨会论文集.北京,2004:308-311.
[11]刘文君.饮用水中可生物降解有机物和消毒副产物特性研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999.
[12]李伟英,周艳彦,张骏鹏,等.营养物质和氯对饮用水中细菌再生长的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2017,49(2):70-76.
[13]陆继来,王志良,于鑫,等.BGP法测定饮用水的生物稳定性[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(6):88-90.
[14]叶林,于鑫,施旭,等.用细菌生长潜力(BGP)评价饮用水生物稳定性[J].给水排水,2007,33(11):146-149.
[15]MELLOR J E,SMITH J A,SAMIE A,et al.Coliform sources and mechanisms for regrowth in household drinking water in Limpopo,South Africa[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,139(9):1152-1161.
[16]池年平,董秉直,何夏清.饮用水生物稳定性评价指标研究进展[J].四川环境,2010,29(1):106-109.
[17]ESCOBAR I C,RANDALL A A.Sample storage impact on the assimilable organic carbon(AOC)bioassay[J].Water Research,2000,34(5):1680-1686.
[18]王德帅,杨开.再生水储存过程中水质变化规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2014(8):38-41.
[19]王杨,田一梅.饮用水消毒技术现状及未来发展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(5):1471-1472.
[20]刘成,高乃云,蔡云龙.不同消毒剂对饮用水生物稳定性的影响[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,39(2):254-258.
[2]张永良,郑世英,郑铁钢.二氯异氰尿酸钠消毒坑道储水的影响因素分析[J].人民军医,2000,43(7):374-375.
[3]闫松林,周从直.长期贮存饮用水微生物指标稳定技术研究[J].西南给排水,2002,24(4):6-9.
[4]ESHCOL J,MAHAPATRA P,KESHAPAGU S.Is fecal contamination of drinking water after collection associated with household water handling and hygiene practices?A study of urban slum households in Hyderabad,India[J].Journal of Water and Health,2009,7(1):145-154.
[5]ZWANE A P,KREMER M.What works in fighting diarrheal diseases in developing countries?A critical review[J].World Bank Research Observer,2007,22(1):1-24.
[6]LI G Q,YU T,WU Q Y,et al.Development of an ATP luminescence-based method for assimilable organic carbon determination in reclaimed water[J].Water Research,2017,123:345-352.
[7]HAMMES F,BERGER C,KOSTERO O,et al.Assessing biological stability of drinking water without disinfectant residuals in a full-scale water supply system[J].Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-AQUA,2010,59(1):31-40.
[8]赵文君,高建恩,许秀泉,等.不同材质水窖贮存雨水水质变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):20-23.
[9]方振东,李宏,马颖.坑道工程贮存水水质变化规律研究[J].后勤工程学院学报,2003,19(2):1-4.
[10]王立民,胡荣忠,闫松林.长期贮存饮用水细菌学指标实验研究[C]//解放军总后勤部.2004北京国际军事环保研讨会论文集.北京,2004:308-311.
[11]刘文君.饮用水中可生物降解有机物和消毒副产物特性研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999.
[12]李伟英,周艳彦,张骏鹏,等.营养物质和氯对饮用水中细菌再生长的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2017,49(2):70-76.
[13]陆继来,王志良,于鑫,等.BGP法测定饮用水的生物稳定性[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(6):88-90.
[14]叶林,于鑫,施旭,等.用细菌生长潜力(BGP)评价饮用水生物稳定性[J].给水排水,2007,33(11):146-149.
[15]MELLOR J E,SMITH J A,SAMIE A,et al.Coliform sources and mechanisms for regrowth in household drinking water in Limpopo,South Africa[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,139(9):1152-1161.
[16]池年平,董秉直,何夏清.饮用水生物稳定性评价指标研究进展[J].四川环境,2010,29(1):106-109.
[17]ESCOBAR I C,RANDALL A A.Sample storage impact on the assimilable organic carbon(AOC)bioassay[J].Water Research,2000,34(5):1680-1686.
[18]王德帅,杨开.再生水储存过程中水质变化规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2014(8):38-41.
[19]王杨,田一梅.饮用水消毒技术现状及未来发展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(5):1471-1472.
[20]刘成,高乃云,蔡云龙.不同消毒剂对饮用水生物稳定性的影响[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,39(2):254-258.