中国古建筑木结构修复加固技术分析与展望
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摘要
以古建筑穿斗式和抬梁式等主流木结构为研究对象,针对裂缝、糟朽、弯垂、拔榫滚动等典型的损伤形式,分类综述了中国古建筑传统木结构修复加固技术及现代相关技术.基于建筑遗产保护的原则,对几类木结构修复加固技术利弊进行评价.分析发现,传统木构修缮技术并不能完全符合现代建筑遗产保护的需求,而现代技术尚不能较好地弥补传统技术体系不足.对此,借鉴国内外古建筑木结构修复加固最新的实践探索,从理念、工作流程、技术内容等方面,进行了探讨和展望.在理念上,应满足建筑遗产价值保护需求,并考虑中国建筑文化、审美特点;在流程体系上,应综合多学科的现代技术手段,建立系统严谨的流程体系;技术上,应在传承和探索传统技术基础上积极引入新材料、新技术,以弥补传统的不足.
Taking the main ancient wooden structures of bucket-piercing and beam-lifting as the research object,the techniques of wooden structure repairmen and protection are classified and summarized in view of the typical forms of damage,such as cracks,rotten,pendant,and tenon rolling. Based on the principles of architectural heritage protection,the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of techniques of wooden structure repairmen and reinforcement are evaluated. The results show that traditional techniques cannot fully meet the requirements of modern architectural heritage protection,and modern techniques cannot make up for the shortcomings of traditional technology systems. On the basis of the latest practice exploration of techniques of wooden structure repairmen and reinforcement worldwide,prospectives for future field are made from theories,work procedures and technology aspects. In terms of concepts,the needs for protecting architectural heritage value,the characteristics of Chinese architectural culture and aesthetic in particular,should be considered. As for processing systems,rigorous processing systems are expected to be established by integrating multidisciplinary modern technological means. In terms of technical content,new materials and technologies should be introduced actively to make up for the shortcomings of traditional technology on the basis of inheritance and exploration.
Taking the main ancient wooden structures of bucket-piercing and beam-lifting as the research object,the techniques of wooden structure repairmen and protection are classified and summarized in view of the typical forms of damage,such as cracks,rotten,pendant,and tenon rolling. Based on the principles of architectural heritage protection,the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of techniques of wooden structure repairmen and reinforcement are evaluated. The results show that traditional techniques cannot fully meet the requirements of modern architectural heritage protection,and modern techniques cannot make up for the shortcomings of traditional technology systems. On the basis of the latest practice exploration of techniques of wooden structure repairmen and reinforcement worldwide,prospectives for future field are made from theories,work procedures and technology aspects. In terms of concepts,the needs for protecting architectural heritage value,the characteristics of Chinese architectural culture and aesthetic in particular,should be considered. As for processing systems,rigorous processing systems are expected to be established by integrating multidisciplinary modern technological means. In terms of technical content,new materials and technologies should be introduced actively to make up for the shortcomings of traditional technology on the basis of inheritance and exploration.
引文
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