治理视角下中国可持续发展面临的问题与对策研究——基于深圳、桂林、苏北、太原四地可持续发展议程创新示范区建设方案的分析
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摘要
以治理理论为研究视角,对深圳、桂林、苏北、太原四地可持续发展议程创新示范区建设方案进行分析,总结相关经验,并剖析现阶段治理体系存在的不足及其背后原因。研究发现,政府主导带来的资源聚集优势是我国治理体系的显著特征,由此引发的路径依赖则造成了方案缺乏内生性与持续性、市场与社会等主体的制度执行能力较弱的局面。为此,须在健全相关制度与体制机制的条件下构建差异化的多元治理模式。即构建市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用、更好发挥政府与社会作用的经济治理体系,政府引导、社会协同、公众参与和法治保障的社会治理体系,政府为主导、企业为主体、社会组织和公众共同参与的环境治理体系。同时,也要从增强法治意识、加强企业与社会组织党建工作、增加资金投入、优化课程设置与培训等角度提高多元主体的制度执行能力。
In order to summarize the experience,find the deficiency of current governance system and the reasons behind it,the construction plans of the sustainable development agenda innovation demonstration zone of Shenzhen,Guilin,northern Jiangsu and Taiyuan were analyzed with the governance theory.The research found that the resource clustering advantage brought by the government is the distinctive feature of China's governance system,and the path dependence has resulted in a situation in which the plan are not endogenous and sustainable,and the execution ability of the market and society is weak.To this end,it is necessary to build a differentiated multi-governance model under the conditions of sound relevant systems and institutional mechanisms.Namely,constructing an economic governance system in which the market playing a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of government and society;A social governance system including government guidance,social coordination,and public participation,and legal protection;An environmental governance systemin which government-led,enterprise-oriented,social organizations and the public-participate together.At the same time,the institutional execution capability should be improved from the perspective of strengthening the rule of law,Party organization construction of enterprises and social organizations,increasing capital investment,as well as optimizing course setting and training.
In order to summarize the experience,find the deficiency of current governance system and the reasons behind it,the construction plans of the sustainable development agenda innovation demonstration zone of Shenzhen,Guilin,northern Jiangsu and Taiyuan were analyzed with the governance theory.The research found that the resource clustering advantage brought by the government is the distinctive feature of China's governance system,and the path dependence has resulted in a situation in which the plan are not endogenous and sustainable,and the execution ability of the market and society is weak.To this end,it is necessary to build a differentiated multi-governance model under the conditions of sound relevant systems and institutional mechanisms.Namely,constructing an economic governance system in which the market playing a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of government and society;A social governance system including government guidance,social coordination,and public participation,and legal protection;An environmental governance systemin which government-led,enterprise-oriented,social organizations and the public-participate together.At the same time,the institutional execution capability should be improved from the perspective of strengthening the rule of law,Party organization construction of enterprises and social organizations,increasing capital investment,as well as optimizing course setting and training.
引文
[1]郝亮,陈劭锋,刘扬.新时期我国可持续发展的治理机制研究[J].科技促进发展,2018(Z1):23-31.
[2]薛澜,翁凌飞.中国实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标的政策机遇和挑战[J].中国软科学,2017(1):1-12.
[3]Ostrom E.Understanding institutional diversity[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,2005.
[4]田培杰.协同治理:理论研究框架与分析模型[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.
[5]Biermann F.Green global governance:The case for a world environment organization[J].Public Policy Research,2010,9(2):82-86.
[6]Pierson C.The new governance of education:The conservatives and education 1988-1997[J].Oxford Review of Education,1998,24(1):131-142.
[7]Bond P.Global governance campaigning and mdgs:From top-down to bottom-up anti-poverty work[J].Third World Quarterly,2006,27(2):339-354.
[8]Marks G.Structural policy and multilevel governance in the EC[M]//Cafruny A,Rosenthal G.The State of the European Community Vol.2:The Maastricht Debates and Beyond.Boulder:Lynne Rienner Publishers,1993.
[9]Ostrom E,Schroeder L,Wynne S.Institutional incentives and sustainable development:Infrastructure policies in perspective[M].Boulder:Westview Press,1993.
[10]鄞益奋.网络治理:公共管理的新框架[J].公共管理学报,2007(1):89-96.
[11]任声策,陆铭,尤建新.公共治理理论述评[J].华东经济管理,2009(11):134-137.
[12]Skelcher C,Mathur N,Smith M.The public governance of collaborative spaces:Discourse,design and democracy[J].Public Administration,2005,83(3):573-596.
[13]吴晓锋.公共治理指标的测量--关于治理指标的一项文献回顾[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(1):108-110.
[14]周业安.度量公共治理[EB/OL].(2007-10-21).http://www.cssm.org.cn/view.php?id=16257.
[15]Jutting J.Social security systems in low-income countries:Concepts,constraints and the need for cooperation[J].International Social Security Review,2000,53(4):3-24.
[16]沈杰,刘爱莲.社会治理中的合作:共享裁量权与模式选择[J].理论探索,2018(2):94-100.
[17]卢珂,刘丹,李国敏.城市生态可持续发展中的政府治理能力提升研究[J].生态经济,2016,32(10):210-214.
(1)文中的社会组织主要是指民政部门注册登记的三类社会组织,即社会团体、民办非企业单位和基金会。
(2)17项目标分别为:目标1,在全世界消除一切形式的贫困(即消除贫困);目标2,消除饥饿,实现粮食安全,改善营养状况和促进可持续农业(即零饥饿);目标3,确保健康的生活方式,促进各年龄段人群的福祉(即健康福祉);目标4,确保包容和公平的优质教育,让全民终身享有学习机会(即优质教育);目标5,实现性别平等,增强所有妇女和女童的权能(即性别平等);目标6,为所有人提供水和环境卫生并对其进行可持续管理(即水和环境卫生);目标7,确保人人获得负担得起的,可靠和可持续的现代能源(即现代能源);目标8,促进持久、包容和可持续的经济增长,促进充分的生产性就业和人人获得体面工作(即就业和工作);目标9,建造具备抵御灾害能力的基础设施,促进具有包容性的可持续工业化,推动创新(即基础设施和工业化);目标10,减少国家内部和国家之间的不平等(即减少不平等);目标11,建设包容、安全、有抵御灾害能力和可持续的城市和人类住区(即可持续城镇);目标12,采用可持续的消费和生产模式(即可持续消费和生产);目标13,采取紧急行动应对气候变化及其影响(即应对气候变化);目标14,保护和可持续利用海洋和海洋资源以促进可持续发展(即持续利用海洋资源);目标15,保护、恢复和促进可持续利用陆地生态系统,可持续管理森林,防治荒漠化,制止和扭转土地退化,遏制生物多样性的丧失(即保护生态);目标16,创建和平、包容的社会以促进可持续发展,让所有人都能诉诸司法,在各级建立有效、负责和包容的机构(即包容性社会);目标17,加强执行手段,重振可持续发展全球伙伴关系(即全球伙伴关系)。
(1)所谓1+n模式,是指以《国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设方案》为主,多种相关制度为辅,构建较为完善、规范的一系列制度和程序。
[2]薛澜,翁凌飞.中国实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标的政策机遇和挑战[J].中国软科学,2017(1):1-12.
[3]Ostrom E.Understanding institutional diversity[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,2005.
[4]田培杰.协同治理:理论研究框架与分析模型[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.
[5]Biermann F.Green global governance:The case for a world environment organization[J].Public Policy Research,2010,9(2):82-86.
[6]Pierson C.The new governance of education:The conservatives and education 1988-1997[J].Oxford Review of Education,1998,24(1):131-142.
[7]Bond P.Global governance campaigning and mdgs:From top-down to bottom-up anti-poverty work[J].Third World Quarterly,2006,27(2):339-354.
[8]Marks G.Structural policy and multilevel governance in the EC[M]//Cafruny A,Rosenthal G.The State of the European Community Vol.2:The Maastricht Debates and Beyond.Boulder:Lynne Rienner Publishers,1993.
[9]Ostrom E,Schroeder L,Wynne S.Institutional incentives and sustainable development:Infrastructure policies in perspective[M].Boulder:Westview Press,1993.
[10]鄞益奋.网络治理:公共管理的新框架[J].公共管理学报,2007(1):89-96.
[11]任声策,陆铭,尤建新.公共治理理论述评[J].华东经济管理,2009(11):134-137.
[12]Skelcher C,Mathur N,Smith M.The public governance of collaborative spaces:Discourse,design and democracy[J].Public Administration,2005,83(3):573-596.
[13]吴晓锋.公共治理指标的测量--关于治理指标的一项文献回顾[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(1):108-110.
[14]周业安.度量公共治理[EB/OL].(2007-10-21).http://www.cssm.org.cn/view.php?id=16257.
[15]Jutting J.Social security systems in low-income countries:Concepts,constraints and the need for cooperation[J].International Social Security Review,2000,53(4):3-24.
[16]沈杰,刘爱莲.社会治理中的合作:共享裁量权与模式选择[J].理论探索,2018(2):94-100.
[17]卢珂,刘丹,李国敏.城市生态可持续发展中的政府治理能力提升研究[J].生态经济,2016,32(10):210-214.
(1)文中的社会组织主要是指民政部门注册登记的三类社会组织,即社会团体、民办非企业单位和基金会。
(2)17项目标分别为:目标1,在全世界消除一切形式的贫困(即消除贫困);目标2,消除饥饿,实现粮食安全,改善营养状况和促进可持续农业(即零饥饿);目标3,确保健康的生活方式,促进各年龄段人群的福祉(即健康福祉);目标4,确保包容和公平的优质教育,让全民终身享有学习机会(即优质教育);目标5,实现性别平等,增强所有妇女和女童的权能(即性别平等);目标6,为所有人提供水和环境卫生并对其进行可持续管理(即水和环境卫生);目标7,确保人人获得负担得起的,可靠和可持续的现代能源(即现代能源);目标8,促进持久、包容和可持续的经济增长,促进充分的生产性就业和人人获得体面工作(即就业和工作);目标9,建造具备抵御灾害能力的基础设施,促进具有包容性的可持续工业化,推动创新(即基础设施和工业化);目标10,减少国家内部和国家之间的不平等(即减少不平等);目标11,建设包容、安全、有抵御灾害能力和可持续的城市和人类住区(即可持续城镇);目标12,采用可持续的消费和生产模式(即可持续消费和生产);目标13,采取紧急行动应对气候变化及其影响(即应对气候变化);目标14,保护和可持续利用海洋和海洋资源以促进可持续发展(即持续利用海洋资源);目标15,保护、恢复和促进可持续利用陆地生态系统,可持续管理森林,防治荒漠化,制止和扭转土地退化,遏制生物多样性的丧失(即保护生态);目标16,创建和平、包容的社会以促进可持续发展,让所有人都能诉诸司法,在各级建立有效、负责和包容的机构(即包容性社会);目标17,加强执行手段,重振可持续发展全球伙伴关系(即全球伙伴关系)。
(1)所谓1+n模式,是指以《国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设方案》为主,多种相关制度为辅,构建较为完善、规范的一系列制度和程序。