法治发展的内在制约——比较视角下的法经济学蕴含
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摘要
现代西方法治的发展并非一蹴而就,而是经历了古希腊法治理念的萌芽、古罗马法治制度化的发展,中世纪法律至上原则的确立,直到近代才逐渐明确了相对稳定的法治概念。这一过程是在每个利益主体的衡量中推进的,在社会制度层面表现为制度效率的不断优化。而即使是在西方,不同文化背景的国家往往拥有自己独特的法治模式。对于中国而言,因文化的相对隔离,理解西方繁杂的法治理念存在着困境。那么,转换视角,立足于法治更为基础的经济本质,实现法治实践的效率提升,或许才是形成中国特色法治理念的根本出路。求诸外的选择终究是末道,纵观西方法治的发展史,探寻法治的本质便会发现:法治总是特别情况下的法治,只有因时因地制宜,充分运用本土资源,才能走出真正属于自己的法治传统。
The development of modern western rule of law is not achieved overnight, but has experienced the germination of ancient Greek rule of law concept, the development of ancient Roman rule of law institutionalization, the establishment of the principle of law supremacy in the Middle Ages, until modern times, the relatively stable concept of rule of law was gradually clarified. This process is promoted in the measurement of each stakeholder, which is reflected in the continuous optimization of institutional efficiency at the level of social system. Even in the West, countries with different cultural backgrounds often have their own unique model of rule of law. For China, due to the relative isolation of culture, it is difficult to understand the complicated concept of legal governance in the West. Then, the fundamental way to form the concept of rule of law with Chinese characteristics may be to change the perspective, base on the more basic economic essence of rule of law, and improve the efficiency of the practice of rule of law. Looking at the development history of the rule of law in the West, we can find that the rule of law is always the rule of law in special circumstances. Only by making full use of local resources and adapting to local conditions, can we get out of our own tradition of rule of law.
The development of modern western rule of law is not achieved overnight, but has experienced the germination of ancient Greek rule of law concept, the development of ancient Roman rule of law institutionalization, the establishment of the principle of law supremacy in the Middle Ages, until modern times, the relatively stable concept of rule of law was gradually clarified. This process is promoted in the measurement of each stakeholder, which is reflected in the continuous optimization of institutional efficiency at the level of social system. Even in the West, countries with different cultural backgrounds often have their own unique model of rule of law. For China, due to the relative isolation of culture, it is difficult to understand the complicated concept of legal governance in the West. Then, the fundamental way to form the concept of rule of law with Chinese characteristics may be to change the perspective, base on the more basic economic essence of rule of law, and improve the efficiency of the practice of rule of law. Looking at the development history of the rule of law in the West, we can find that the rule of law is always the rule of law in special circumstances. Only by making full use of local resources and adapting to local conditions, can we get out of our own tradition of rule of law.
引文
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[2][美]斯塔夫里阿诺斯.全球通史——从史前史到21世纪[M].吴象婴等,译.北京:北京大学出版社, 2015:221.
[3][古希腊]柏拉图.柏拉图全集[M].王晓朝,译.北京:人民出版社, 2003.
[4]J·W·Jones, The Law and Legal Theory of the Greeks[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1956:7.
[5][古希腊]亚里士多德.政治学[M].吴寿彭,译.北京:商务印书馆, 1983.
[6]Janet Coleman, A History of Political Thought:From Ancient Greece to Early Christianity[M].Oxford:Blackwell,2000.274.
[7][古罗马]西塞罗.论共和国[M].李寅,译.南京:译林出版社,2013.
[8]Norman·F·Cantor, The Civilization of the Middle Ages[M].New York:Harper Perennial, 1994.258.
[9][意]托马斯·阿奎那.论法律[M].杨天江,译.北京:商务印书馆, 2016.
[10][美]布雷恩·Z·塔玛纳哈.论法治——历史、政治和理论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社, 2011.
[11][英]沃克.牛津法律大词典[M].北京:光明日报出版社,1997:790.
[12][英]哈耶克.通往奴役之路[M].王明毅,冯兴元,译.北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1997:73.
[13]严存生.西方法哲学问题史研究[M].北京:中国法制出版社, 2013:500.
[14][美]德沃金.法律帝国[M].李常青,译.北京:中国大百科全书出版社, 1998:196.
[15]张中秋.中西法律文化比较研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2009.
[16]於兴中.法治东西[M].北京:法律出版社, 2014.