库车坳陷东部构造变形样式及演化特征
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摘要
通过分析地面地质图、地震剖面和钻井资料,对库车坳陷东部构造变形样式进行解析,结果表明,库车坳陷东部构造呈现南北分带、东西分段、上下分层的几何学特点。以古近系上部吉迪克组膏泥岩分隔,分为膏泥岩上构造层、膏泥岩层、膏泥岩下构造层和基底4层模式。研究区以发育收缩变形及膏泥岩塑性变形为主,膏泥岩上构造层、膏泥岩层及膏泥岩下构造层的构造几何样式及分布具显著差异。膏泥岩上构造层以逆冲断层及收缩褶皱为主,膏泥岩层发育膏泥岩塑性变形构造,膏泥岩下构造层以逆冲断层主导的推覆叠瓦构造为主。库车坳陷东部构造具有显著的分段变形特点,细划分为依西—东秋里塔格构造段、依奇克里克—迪那构造段、吐孜洛克—迪那构造段和吐格尔明—阳北构造段,差异特征主要表现在膏泥岩上构造层的地面线性褶皱带展布、膏泥岩层的塑性变形样式、膏泥岩下构造层变形差异。构造演化剖面分析表明,库车坳陷东部地区大致经历中生代伸展断陷—拗陷盆地、古近纪挠曲过渡型盆地和新近纪—第四纪再生前陆盆地3个演化历程。现今构造定型于库车组沉积时期。
Through analyzing geological maps, seismic section and drilling data, the tectonic deformation styles of the eastern Kuqa depression are studied. The study results show that the structures in the eastern Kuqa depression have some geometric features: banding along NS orientation, segmentation along W-E orientation and zonation vertically. Taking the gypsum-mudstone layer of the Paleogene Jidike formation as a barrier, 4 layers such as structural layer above gypsum-mudstone, gypsum-mudstone layer, structural layer under gypsum-mudstone and basement are classified. The shrinkage distortion and the plastic deformation of the gypsum-mudstone are dominant in the study area, and the tectonic styles and distributions of the upper structural layer, gypsum-mudstone layer and lower structural layer are significantly different. The upper structural layer is dominated by thrust faults and constricted folds, the gypsum-mudstone layer by plastic deformation structures and the lower structural layer by nappe imbricate structures dominated by thrust faults. The structures in the eastern Kuqa depression display an obvious characteristic of segmented deformation, which can be divided into 4 structural segments, i.e., Yixi-Eastern Qilitage, Yiqikelike-Dina, Tuziluoke-Dina and Tugerming-Yangbei, whose differences are manifested in the distribution of the linear fold belt on the surface of the upper structural layer, the plastic deformation style of the gypsum-mudstone layer and the deformation differences of the lower structural layer. The sections of structural evolution indicate that the eastern Kuqa depression experienced 3 evolution processes including extensional faulted-depression-depression basin in Mesozoic, bending transitional basin in Paleogene and regenerated foreland basin from Neogene to Quaternary. The present structures in the depression were mainly formed in the depositional period of Kuqa formation.
Through analyzing geological maps, seismic section and drilling data, the tectonic deformation styles of the eastern Kuqa depression are studied. The study results show that the structures in the eastern Kuqa depression have some geometric features: banding along NS orientation, segmentation along W-E orientation and zonation vertically. Taking the gypsum-mudstone layer of the Paleogene Jidike formation as a barrier, 4 layers such as structural layer above gypsum-mudstone, gypsum-mudstone layer, structural layer under gypsum-mudstone and basement are classified. The shrinkage distortion and the plastic deformation of the gypsum-mudstone are dominant in the study area, and the tectonic styles and distributions of the upper structural layer, gypsum-mudstone layer and lower structural layer are significantly different. The upper structural layer is dominated by thrust faults and constricted folds, the gypsum-mudstone layer by plastic deformation structures and the lower structural layer by nappe imbricate structures dominated by thrust faults. The structures in the eastern Kuqa depression display an obvious characteristic of segmented deformation, which can be divided into 4 structural segments, i.e., Yixi-Eastern Qilitage, Yiqikelike-Dina, Tuziluoke-Dina and Tugerming-Yangbei, whose differences are manifested in the distribution of the linear fold belt on the surface of the upper structural layer, the plastic deformation style of the gypsum-mudstone layer and the deformation differences of the lower structural layer. The sections of structural evolution indicate that the eastern Kuqa depression experienced 3 evolution processes including extensional faulted-depression-depression basin in Mesozoic, bending transitional basin in Paleogene and regenerated foreland basin from Neogene to Quaternary. The present structures in the depression were mainly formed in the depositional period of Kuqa formation.
引文
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[11]孙林,漆家福,吴蕾,等.塑性变形区的构造演化分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(2):297-302.SUN Lin,QI Jiafu,WU Lei,et al. Tectonic evolution character analysis on the plastic deformed area[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(2):297-302.
[12]刘成林,曹养同,杨海军,等.库车前陆盆地古近纪—新近纪盐湖环境变迁及其成钾效应探讨[J].地球学报,2013,34(5):547-558.LIU Chenglin,CAO Yangtong,YANG Haijun,et al. Discussion on Paleogene-Neogene environmental change of salt lakes in Kuqa foreland basin and its potash-forming effect[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2013,34(5):547-558.
[2]王飞宇,张水昌,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界烃源岩有机质成熟度[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):221-224.WANG Feiyu,ZHANG Shuichang,ZHANG Baomin,et al. Organic maturity of Mesozoic source rocks in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1999,20(3):221-224.
[3]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):19-32.HE Dengfa,ZHOU Xinyuan,YANG Haijun,et al. Geological structure and its controls on giant oil and gas fields in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin:a clue from new shot seismic data[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):19-32.
[4]谢会文,李勇,郭卫星,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中段盐上层构造特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(5):768-776.XIE Huiwen,LI Yong,GUO Weixing,et al. Structural features of post-salt layers in the middle sedimentary cover of Kuqa depression,the Tarim basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(5):768-776.
[5]何登发,樊春,雷刚林,等.吐格尔明背斜核部片岩的年代学与构造意义[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):809-819.HE Dengfa,FAN Chun,LEI Ganglin,et al. Chronology of Proterozoic schist at the core of Tugermin anticline in northern Tarim basin and its tectonic significance[J]. Geology in China,2011,38(4):809-819.
[6]王智,詹家祯,李猛.塔里木盆地东部白垩纪地层划分[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):252-257.WANG Zhi,ZHAN Jiazhen,LI Meng. Cretaceous in eastern Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1999,20(3):252-257.
[7]李曰俊,宋文杰,买光荣,等.库车和北塔里木前陆盆地与南天山造山带的耦合关系[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(5):376-381.LI Yuejun,SONG Wenjie,MAI Guangrong,et al. Characteristics of Kuqa and northern Tarim foreland basins and their coupling relation to south Tianshan orogeny[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(5):376-381.
[8]曹养同,刘成林,杨海军,等.新疆库车盆地古近系—新近系蒸发岩沉积旋回识别及对比[J].古地理学报,2010,12(1):31-41.CAO Yangtong,LIU Chenglin,YANG Haijun,et al. Identification and correlation of the Paleogene and Neogene evaporites sedimentary cycles in Kuqa basin,Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2010,12(1):31-41.
[9]唐雁刚,罗金海,马玉杰,等.库车坳陷下侏罗统碱性成岩环境对储集物性的影响[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(4):356-358.TANG Yangang,LUO Jinhai,MA Yujie,et al. Effect of alkaline diagenetic environment of Lower Jurassic on reservoir property in Kuqa depression[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(4):356-358.
[10]琚岩,孙雄伟,刘立炜,等.库车坳陷迪北致密砂岩气藏特征[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(3):264-267.JU Yan,SUN Xiongwei,LIU Liwei,et al. Characteristics of Jurassic tight sandstone gas reservoir in Dibei area of Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(3):264-267.
[11]孙林,漆家福,吴蕾,等.塑性变形区的构造演化分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(2):297-302.SUN Lin,QI Jiafu,WU Lei,et al. Tectonic evolution character analysis on the plastic deformed area[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(2):297-302.
[12]刘成林,曹养同,杨海军,等.库车前陆盆地古近纪—新近纪盐湖环境变迁及其成钾效应探讨[J].地球学报,2013,34(5):547-558.LIU Chenglin,CAO Yangtong,YANG Haijun,et al. Discussion on Paleogene-Neogene environmental change of salt lakes in Kuqa foreland basin and its potash-forming effect[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2013,34(5):547-558.