库车坳陷膏盐岩对烃源岩生烃及地温场异常的影响探讨
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摘要
库车坳陷发育两套膏盐岩,东部发育于新近系吉迪克组,西部发育于古近系库姆格列木群,较薄部位膏盐岩可达几十米,较厚部位可达3 km以上。依据库车坳陷膏盐岩发育的特点,分别针对东、西部含盐地层建立简化模型;将地层划分为7个层位,依据库车坳陷膏盐岩发育层位设定西部模型第四层为含盐地层,东部模型第三层为含盐地层,运用该模型进行热演化模拟,探讨膏盐岩对地温及烃源岩热演化差异性的影响机制。模拟结果显示:由于膏盐岩的良好的导热性,使盐下地温相对脱盐地层同等深度地温大大下降,盐上地温相对提高,盐下烃源岩的热演化滞后。定量地分析盆地西部大北2井膏盐岩对烃源岩热演化和地温影响程度发现:膏盐岩厚度每增加100 m,盐下地温下降0.9~1℃,烃源岩镜质体反射率Ro热演化滞后0.026%~0.019%,这有利于库车坳陷的晚期成藏。
It develops two sets of salt in the Kuqa Depression which distributed in the Paleogene of the east and in the Neogene of the west,respectively. The thickest area of the salt is more than 3 000 m. The geologic model was built based on the formation developed in the west and east of Kuqa depression,respectively,the formation was divided into seven layers. The salt layer developed in the Neogene in the east of Kuqa depression,while the salt layer developed in the Paleogene in the west of Kuqa depression,so the salt layer was defined as the third layer in the eastern geologic model while it was defined as the fourth one in the western model. Thermal evolution simulation based on the model was used to evaluate the impact of the salt on the geothermal and source rock thermal evolution.The result indicated that the geothermal of subsalt dropped greatly while the upsalt geothermal was elevated and the source rock thermal evolution was lagged of the subsalt compared with the district without salt. A quantitative analysis was made to evaluated the effect of salt on the geothermal and source rock thermal evolution based on the datas from well Dabei 2 in the western of Kuqa depression. It is believed that the subsalt geothermal will drop 0. 9 ~ 1 ℃and Ro will lagged 0. 026% ~ 0. 019% with the thickness of salt increasing 100 m,which is favorable for the accumulation of hydrocarbon in Kuqa depression.
It develops two sets of salt in the Kuqa Depression which distributed in the Paleogene of the east and in the Neogene of the west,respectively. The thickest area of the salt is more than 3 000 m. The geologic model was built based on the formation developed in the west and east of Kuqa depression,respectively,the formation was divided into seven layers. The salt layer developed in the Neogene in the east of Kuqa depression,while the salt layer developed in the Paleogene in the west of Kuqa depression,so the salt layer was defined as the third layer in the eastern geologic model while it was defined as the fourth one in the western model. Thermal evolution simulation based on the model was used to evaluate the impact of the salt on the geothermal and source rock thermal evolution.The result indicated that the geothermal of subsalt dropped greatly while the upsalt geothermal was elevated and the source rock thermal evolution was lagged of the subsalt compared with the district without salt. A quantitative analysis was made to evaluated the effect of salt on the geothermal and source rock thermal evolution based on the datas from well Dabei 2 in the western of Kuqa depression. It is believed that the subsalt geothermal will drop 0. 9 ~ 1 ℃and Ro will lagged 0. 026% ~ 0. 019% with the thickness of salt increasing 100 m,which is favorable for the accumulation of hydrocarbon in Kuqa depression.
引文
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5 Yu Y,Tang L,Yang W,et al.Salt structures and hydrocarbon accumulations in the Tarim Basin,northwest China.AAPG Bulletin,2014;98(1):135-159
6 Chen S,Tang L,Jin Z,et al.Thrust and fold tectonics and the role of evaporites in deformation in the Western Kuqa Foreland of Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004;21(8):1027-1042
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11卓勤功,赵孟军,李勇,等.库车前陆盆地古近系岩盐对烃源岩生气高峰期的迟缓作用及其意义.天然气地球科学,2014;25(12):1903-1912Zhuo Qingong,Zhao Mengjun,Li Yong,et al.The delay of Paleogene evaporate on the gas generation peak of source rocks and its significance in Kuqa foreland basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,2014;25(12):1903-1912
12汪新,贾承造,杨树锋.南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间---以库车河地区为例.地质学报,2002;76(1):55-63Wang Xin,Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng.The time of deformation on the Kuqa-and-thrust belt in the Southern Tianshan-based on the Kuqa river area.Acta Geologica Sinica,2002;76(1):55-63
13卓勤功,李勇,宋岩,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏构造带古近系膏盐岩盖层演化与圈闭有效性.石油实验地质,2013;35(1):42-47Zhuo Qingong,Li Yong,Song Yan,et al.Relationship between reservoir bitumen and hydrocarbon migration in Dabei region,Kuqa Foreland Basin.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011;33(2):193-196
14 Wang L,Li C.Terrestrial heat flow distribution in Kuqa foreland basin,Tarim,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005;32(4):79
15刘景东,蒋有录,谈玉明,等.渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷膏盐岩与油气的关系.沉积学报,2014;32(01):126-137Liu Jingdong,Jiang Youlu,Tian Yuming,et al.Relationship between gypsum-salt rock and oil-gas in Dongpu depression of Bohai Gulf Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2014;32(01):126-137
16 Hendrix M S,Graham S A,Carroll A R,et al.Sedimentary record and climatic implications of recurrent deformation in the Tianshan:evidence from Mesozoic strata of the north Tarim,south Junggar,and Turpan Basins,northwest China.Geological Society of America Bulletin,1992;104(1):53-79
17 Graham S A,Hendrix M S,Wang L B,et al.Collisional successor basins of western China:impact of tectonic inheritance on sand composition.Geological Society of America Bulletin,1993;105(3):323-344
2 Mc Bride B C,Weimer P,Rowan M G.The effect of allochthonous salt on the petroleum systems of northern Green Canyon and Ewing Bank(offshore Louisiana),North Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bulletin,1998b;82(5B):1083-1112
3 Rowan M G,Lawton T F,Ratliff R A.Near-salt deformation in La Popa basin,Mexico,and the northern Gulf of Mexico:a general model for passive diapirism.AAPG Bulletin,2003;87(5):733-756
4 Rowan M G,Ratliff R A,Trudgill B D,et al..Emplacement and evolution of the Mahogancy salt body,central Louisiana outer shelf,northern Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bulletin,2001;85(7):947-969
5 Yu Y,Tang L,Yang W,et al.Salt structures and hydrocarbon accumulations in the Tarim Basin,northwest China.AAPG Bulletin,2014;98(1):135-159
6 Chen S,Tang L,Jin Z,et al.Thrust and fold tectonics and the role of evaporites in deformation in the Western Kuqa Foreland of Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004;21(8):1027-1042
7 Warren J K.Evaporites:sediments,resources and hydrocarbons.Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2006
8 Hanson A D.A surprising asymmetric paleothermal anomaly around El Gordo diapir,La Popa Basin,Mexico.AAPG Bulletin,2014;98(2):213-336
9 Mello U T,Karner G D,Anderson R N.Role of salt in restraining the maturation of subsalt source rocks.Marine and Petroleum Geology,1995;12(7):697-716
10 Yu Z,Lerche I,Lowrie A.Thermal impact of salt:simulation of thermal anomalies in the Gulf of Mexico.Pageoph,1992;138(2),181-192
11卓勤功,赵孟军,李勇,等.库车前陆盆地古近系岩盐对烃源岩生气高峰期的迟缓作用及其意义.天然气地球科学,2014;25(12):1903-1912Zhuo Qingong,Zhao Mengjun,Li Yong,et al.The delay of Paleogene evaporate on the gas generation peak of source rocks and its significance in Kuqa foreland basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,2014;25(12):1903-1912
12汪新,贾承造,杨树锋.南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间---以库车河地区为例.地质学报,2002;76(1):55-63Wang Xin,Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng.The time of deformation on the Kuqa-and-thrust belt in the Southern Tianshan-based on the Kuqa river area.Acta Geologica Sinica,2002;76(1):55-63
13卓勤功,李勇,宋岩,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏构造带古近系膏盐岩盖层演化与圈闭有效性.石油实验地质,2013;35(1):42-47Zhuo Qingong,Li Yong,Song Yan,et al.Relationship between reservoir bitumen and hydrocarbon migration in Dabei region,Kuqa Foreland Basin.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011;33(2):193-196
14 Wang L,Li C.Terrestrial heat flow distribution in Kuqa foreland basin,Tarim,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005;32(4):79
15刘景东,蒋有录,谈玉明,等.渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷膏盐岩与油气的关系.沉积学报,2014;32(01):126-137Liu Jingdong,Jiang Youlu,Tian Yuming,et al.Relationship between gypsum-salt rock and oil-gas in Dongpu depression of Bohai Gulf Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2014;32(01):126-137
16 Hendrix M S,Graham S A,Carroll A R,et al.Sedimentary record and climatic implications of recurrent deformation in the Tianshan:evidence from Mesozoic strata of the north Tarim,south Junggar,and Turpan Basins,northwest China.Geological Society of America Bulletin,1992;104(1):53-79
17 Graham S A,Hendrix M S,Wang L B,et al.Collisional successor basins of western China:impact of tectonic inheritance on sand composition.Geological Society of America Bulletin,1993;105(3):323-344