曲面隔震结构的动力模型与振动台试验研究
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摘要
近年来超越最初设计地震的强震频繁发生,普通隔震结构在超设计地震作用下存在隔震层位移过大、支座剪断、甚至会造成隔震建筑与周围挡土墙发生严重碰撞的风险。提出了利用隔震层曲面特征及结构重力效应的曲面隔震新型隔震结构体系,控制隔震结构在强震作用下的隔震层位移响应。针对新提隔震结构体系建立了将隔震支座倾斜布置的简化单质点分析模型,并且对其加速度传递系数和位移传递系数进行了理论分析。设计制作了曲面隔震结构5层钢框架模型,与平面隔震结构模型和非隔震结构模型分别进行了地震模拟振动台试验。试验结果表明,曲面隔震结构加速度响应较普通隔震结构有所放大,显著小于抗震结构,曲面隔震结构的隔震层位移则比普通隔震结构明显减小,试验结果与理论研究结果相符。
In recent years, strong earthquakes beyond initially estimated strength frequently take place, ordinary isolated structures have risks of excessive displacements of isolation layer, support sheared and even collisions between isolated structures and retaining walls under the action of beyond-designed earthquakes. Here, a new curved surface isolated structure system with curved surface characteristics of isolation layer and structural gravity effect was proposed to control isolation layer's displacement responses of the system under strong earthquakes. A simplified single mass point analysis model for the proposed structure was built with tilted isolated bearings to theoretically analyze the system's acceleration transfer coefficient and displacement one. Finally, a five-story steel frame model with a curved surface isolated structure was designed and made. Shaking table tests were conducted for this model, a planar isolated structure model and a non-isolated structure one, respectively. The test results showed that the acceleration response of the curved surface isolated structure model is larger than that of the planar isolated structure one, but much smaller than that of the non-isolated structure one; its isolation layer displacement obviously is smaller than that of the planar isolated structure one; the test results agree well with those of theoretical study.
In recent years, strong earthquakes beyond initially estimated strength frequently take place, ordinary isolated structures have risks of excessive displacements of isolation layer, support sheared and even collisions between isolated structures and retaining walls under the action of beyond-designed earthquakes. Here, a new curved surface isolated structure system with curved surface characteristics of isolation layer and structural gravity effect was proposed to control isolation layer's displacement responses of the system under strong earthquakes. A simplified single mass point analysis model for the proposed structure was built with tilted isolated bearings to theoretically analyze the system's acceleration transfer coefficient and displacement one. Finally, a five-story steel frame model with a curved surface isolated structure was designed and made. Shaking table tests were conducted for this model, a planar isolated structure model and a non-isolated structure one, respectively. The test results showed that the acceleration response of the curved surface isolated structure model is larger than that of the planar isolated structure one, but much smaller than that of the non-isolated structure one; its isolation layer displacement obviously is smaller than that of the planar isolated structure one; the test results agree well with those of theoretical study.
引文
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[16] 何文福,霍达,刘文光,等.高层隔震结构振动台试验及数值分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2010,36(3):334-339.HE Wenfu,HUO Da,LIU Wenguang,et al.Experimental study and numerical analysis of high rise isolated structure[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2010,36(3):334-339.
[17] 刘文光,刘阳,杨巧荣,等.高层隔震结构单质点模型的地震响应单纯质点法研究[J].振动工程学报,2013,25(6):693-698.LIU Wenguang,LIU Yang,YANG Qiaorong,et al.A study on pure mass model method for seismic response of single mass model of high-rise isolated structure[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2013,25(6):693-698.
[18] 刘阳,刘文光,何文福,等.复杂博物馆隔震结构地震模拟振动台试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(4):107-112.LIU Yang,LIU Wenguang,HE Wenfu,et al.Shaking table test for a complex meseum's isolated structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(4):107-112.
[19] 朱宏平,张子翔,周方圆.基础隔震结构在近断层水平-竖向地震联合作用下的动力响应[J].土木工程与管理学报,2017,34(3):1-7.ZHU Hongping,ZHANG Zixiang,ZHOU Fangyuan.Seismic response of base-isolated structures under the combined action of horizontal and vertical components of near-fault ground motions[J].Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,2017,34(3):1-7.
[20] 刘晶波.结构动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[2] GENT A N,MEINECKE E A.Compression,bending,and shear of bonded rubber blocks[J].Polymer Engineering & Science,1970,10(1):48-53.
[3] GENT A N,HENRY R L,ROXBURY M L.Interfacial stresses for bonded rubber blocks in compression and shear[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1974,41(4):855-859.
[4] TAKAYAMA M,MORITA K.Ultimate Deformation capacity of lead rubber bearing under compression[J].Aij Journal of Technology & Design,2002,8(16):57-62.
[5] ABE M,YOSHIDA J,FUJINO Y.Multiaxial behaviors of laminated rubber bearings and their modeling.I:experimental study[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2004,130(8):1119-1132.
[6] ABE M,YOSHIDA J,FUJINO Y.Multiaxial behaviors of laminated rubber bearings and their modeling.II:modeling[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2004,130(8):1133-1144.
[7] 张子翔,叶昆,朱宏平.橡胶隔震支座的统一力学模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,1(2):167-171.ZHANG Zixiang,YE Kun,ZHU Hongping.A generalized mechanical model for elastomeric bearings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2014,1(2):167-171.
[8] 吕西林,朱玉华,施卫星,等.组合基础隔震房屋模型振动台试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(2):43-49.Lü Xilin,ZHU Yuhua,SHI Weixing,et al.Shaking table test of building models with comined isolation system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2001,34(2):43-49.
[9] 吴香香,孙丽,李宏男.竖向地震动对隔震结构高宽比限值的影响分析[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2002,18(2):81-84.WU Xiangxiang,SUN Li,LI Hongnan.Analysis of effect of vertical motion on the limit ratio of height to width of base isolated structures[J].Journal of Shenyang Architectural and Civil Engineering University(Nature Science),2002,18(2):81-84.
[10] KAPLAN H,SEIREG A.Optimal design of a base isolated system for a high-rise steel structure[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2001,30(2):287-302.
[11] ARIGA T,KANNO Y,TAKEWAKI I.Resonant behaviour of base-isolated high-rise buildings under long-period ground motions[J].Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,2006,15(3):325-338.
[12] IKEDA Y,NAGAHASHI S.Analysis of space frame vibration of earthquake response of base isolated high-rise building,with flexural rigidity of earthquake-resistant walls and floor slabs taken into consideration:a study on the effects of simultaneous action input from horizontal and vertical ground motion on earthquake response characteristics of base isolated high-rise building,part 1[J].Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering,2007(620):17-26.
[13] IKEDA Y,NAGAHASHI S.Earthquake response characteristics on uplift of multilayered elastomeric isolator of base isolated high-rise building with setback elevation:a study on the effects of simultaneous action input from horizontal and vertical ground motion on earthquake response characteristics of base isolated high-rise building,part 2[J].Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering,2010(651):913-922.
[14] IKEDA Y,NAGAHASHI S.The effects of horizontal and vertical strong motion characteristics on tension of the isolator of base isolated high-rise building with setback and regular shape elevation[C]//Summaries of technical papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan.B-2,Structures II,Structural dynamics nuclear power plants.Toyama-ken,2010.
[15] IKEDA Y,NAGAHASHI S.A study on the strong ground motion characteristics due to the 2011 Christchurch earthquake with respect to the tension response of the isolator of high-rise buildings with large aspect ratio[C]//Summaries of technicalpapers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan.B-2,Structures II,Structural dynamics nuclear power plants.Tokyo,2011.
[16] 何文福,霍达,刘文光,等.高层隔震结构振动台试验及数值分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2010,36(3):334-339.HE Wenfu,HUO Da,LIU Wenguang,et al.Experimental study and numerical analysis of high rise isolated structure[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2010,36(3):334-339.
[17] 刘文光,刘阳,杨巧荣,等.高层隔震结构单质点模型的地震响应单纯质点法研究[J].振动工程学报,2013,25(6):693-698.LIU Wenguang,LIU Yang,YANG Qiaorong,et al.A study on pure mass model method for seismic response of single mass model of high-rise isolated structure[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2013,25(6):693-698.
[18] 刘阳,刘文光,何文福,等.复杂博物馆隔震结构地震模拟振动台试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(4):107-112.LIU Yang,LIU Wenguang,HE Wenfu,et al.Shaking table test for a complex meseum's isolated structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(4):107-112.
[19] 朱宏平,张子翔,周方圆.基础隔震结构在近断层水平-竖向地震联合作用下的动力响应[J].土木工程与管理学报,2017,34(3):1-7.ZHU Hongping,ZHANG Zixiang,ZHOU Fangyuan.Seismic response of base-isolated structures under the combined action of horizontal and vertical components of near-fault ground motions[J].Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,2017,34(3):1-7.
[20] 刘晶波.结构动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.