硫化矿石堆自热的混沌特征
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摘要
为揭示硫化矿石堆非稳态自热过程的混沌特征,以某硫铁矿矿石样品为实验材料,应用自主设计的实验装置,室内模拟矿石堆非稳态自热过程。通过小波变换、三维相图分析、功率谱分析和最大Lyapunov指数计算,对表征矿石堆自热过程的温度序列进行研究。研究结果表明:硫化矿石堆自热是一个混沌演化过程;随着深度增大,矿石堆混沌程度呈先增大后减小的趋势;最大Lyapunov指数与平均升温率呈正相关性,可基于最大Lyapunov指数对矿石堆不同区域的自燃倾向性进行评价。
To reveal the chaotic characteristics of unsteady self-heating process of sulfide ore heap, ore samples from a pyrite mine in China were taken as experimental materials and the unsteady self-heating process of ore heap was simulated in laboratory with the experimental autonomous designed apparatus. Temperature series that characterized self-heating process of the ore heap were researched through the wavelet transform, 3 D phase diagram analysis, power spectrum analysis and extraction of the maximum Lyapunov exponent. The results show that self-heating of sulfide ore heap is a chaotic evolution process. As the depth increases, the chaotic degree of ore heap increases at first and then decreases. The maximum Lyapunov exponent has a positive correlation with the increase of temperature. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate spontaneous combustion tendency of different regions in the ore heap.
To reveal the chaotic characteristics of unsteady self-heating process of sulfide ore heap, ore samples from a pyrite mine in China were taken as experimental materials and the unsteady self-heating process of ore heap was simulated in laboratory with the experimental autonomous designed apparatus. Temperature series that characterized self-heating process of the ore heap were researched through the wavelet transform, 3 D phase diagram analysis, power spectrum analysis and extraction of the maximum Lyapunov exponent. The results show that self-heating of sulfide ore heap is a chaotic evolution process. As the depth increases, the chaotic degree of ore heap increases at first and then decreases. The maximum Lyapunov exponent has a positive correlation with the increase of temperature. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate spontaneous combustion tendency of different regions in the ore heap.
引文
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[21]潘伟,吴超,李孜军,等.硫化矿石自热过程的分维特性[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(2):492-499.PAN Wei,WU Chao,LI Zijun,et al.Fractal dimension characteristics of self-heating process of sulfide ores[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(2):492-499.
[2]BARNABE N,EDWIN J,JAMES A F.Estimating activation energy from a sulfide self-heating test[J].Minerals Engineering,2011,24(15):1645-1650.
[3]LIU Hui,WU Chao,SHI Ying.Locating method of fire source for spontaneous combustion of sulfide ores[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2011,18(4):1034-1040.
[4]李珞铭,吴超,王立磊,等.流变-突变论在预防硫化矿自燃中的应用研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(2):81-86.LI Luoming,WU Chao,WANG Lilei,et al.Research and application of rheology-mutation theory in the prevention of sulfide ore spontaneous combustion[J].China Safety Science Journal,2008,18(2):81-86.
[5]YANG Fuqiang,WU Chao,LI Zijun.Spontaneous combustion tendency of fresh and pre-oxidized sulfide ores[J].Journal of Central South University,2014,21(2):715-719.
[6]ROSENBLUM F,NESSET J,MOON S,et al.Reducing the self-heating of sulphides by chemical treatment with lignosulfonates[J].Minerals Engineering,2017,107:78-80.
[7]谢正文,吴超,李孜军,等.基于信息熵和集对分析理论的硫化矿石自燃倾向性判定[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(15):1858-1863.XIE Zhengwen,WU Chao,LI Zijun,et al.Evaluation on spontaneous combustion tendency of sulfide ores based on entropy and set pair analysis theory[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012,43(15):1858-1863.
[8]LI Zijun,SHI Dongping,WU Chao,et al.Infrared thermography for prediction of spontaneous combustion of sulfide ores[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(12):3095-3102.
[9]NGABE B,FINCH J A.Self-heating activation energy and specific heat capacity of sulphide mixtures at low temperature[J].Minerals Engineering,2014,55:154-161.
[10]WU Chao.Test of chemical suppressants for fire prevention in mines with sulphide ores[J].Mineral Resources Engineering,2000,9(2):255-264.
[11]PAYANT R,ROSENBLUM F,NESSET J,et al.The self-heating of sulfides:galvanic effects[J].Minerals Engineering,2012,26:57-63.
[12]YANG Fuqiang,WU Chao.Mechanism of mechanical activation for spontaneous combustion of sulfide minerals[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(1):276-282.
[13]DAI Zongfu.Development of an experimental methodology for sulphide self-heating studies and the self-heating tendency of Vale’s Voisey’s bay concentrator products[J].Minerals Engineering,2016,92:125-133.
[14]WANG Hongjiang,XU Chaoshui,WU Aixiang,et al.Inhibition of spontaneous combustion of sulfide ores by thermopile sulfide oxidation[J].Minerals Engineering,2013,49:61-67.
[15]李孜军.硫化矿石自燃机理及其预防关键技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学资源与安全工程学院,2007:33-34.LI Zijun.Investigation on the mechanism of spontaneous combustion of sulphide ores and the key technologies for preventing fire[D].Changsha:Central South University.School of Resources and Safety Engineering 2007:33-34.
[16]于大鹏,赵德有,汪玉.螺旋桨鸣音的混沌动力特性研究[J].声学学报,2010,35(5):530-538.YU Dapeng,ZHAO Deyou,WANG Yu.Chaotic dynamics of propeller singing[J].Acta Acustica,2010,35(5):530-538.
[17]蒋依坛,施洲,蒲黔辉.轻轨桥梁高墩结构动载试验与振动特性分析[J].铁道标准设计,2016,60(10):67-71.JIANG Yitan,SHI Zhou,PU Qianhui.Dynamic test and analysis of vibration performance of light rail bridge high piers[J].Railway Standard Design,2016,60(10):67-71.
[18]GRASSBERGER P,PROCACCIA I.Dimension and entropy of strange attractors from a fluctuating dynamic approach[J].Physica D:Nonlinear Phenomena,1984,13(1/2):34-54.
[19]MICHAEL T R,JAMES J C,CARLO J D L.A practical method for calculating largest Lyapunov exponents from small data sets[J].Physica D:Nonlinear Phenomena,1993,65(1/2):117-134.
[20]潘伟,吴超,李孜军,等.硫化矿石诱导自燃过程及分阶段混沌特征[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(5):1689-1696.PAN Wei,WU Chao,LI Zijun,et al.Induced spontaneous combustion process and chaotic characteristics by stages of sulfide ores[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(5):1689-1696.
[21]潘伟,吴超,李孜军,等.硫化矿石自热过程的分维特性[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(2):492-499.PAN Wei,WU Chao,LI Zijun,et al.Fractal dimension characteristics of self-heating process of sulfide ores[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(2):492-499.