国外智力障碍者身体活动水平研究进展与启示
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摘要
从模式特征、推荐量情况、研究的局限性3个方面,对国外智力障碍者身体活动水平的研究进行综述发现:①在身体活动水平的模式特征方面,智力障碍者低于健全人,亚群体低于单纯性智力障碍者,障碍程度重者低于轻者,智力障碍成年人、大年龄段低于小年龄段;②在满足身体活动推荐量的人数百分比方面,智力障碍者低于健全人,智力障碍者满足身体活动推荐量的人数比例差异大;③在研究的局限性方面,存在研究对象比例不均衡和测量工具、方法不统一的问题。建议:我国未来应重视智力障碍者身体活动水平的精确测量,拓宽研究维度,制订科学有效的智力障碍者身体活动方案,建立多场域联合互动机制,促进智力障碍者身体活动水平的提高。
The study,by summarizing the results of researches on physical activity levels of people with intellectual disability in foreign countries from pattern characteristics,recommended volume and research limitations,concluded that in term of the pattern characteristics of physical activity levels,people with intellectual disability are lower than typically developing peers;sub-groups were lower than those with simple intellectual disability;those with severe disabilities were less severe than those with milder age;among adults with intellectual disability,older age groups were lower than younger age groups.Secondly,in terms of the percentage of people who met the physical activity recommendation:people with intellectual disability were lower than those with typically developing peers;there are huge differences in the proportion of people with disabilities who meet the recommended amount of physical activity.Lastly,in terms of research limitations,there are the problems of unbalanced proportions of participants and inconsistent measurement tools.On the basis above we hold that the future of our country should attach importance to the precise measurement of the physical activity levels,broaden the research dimensions,formulate scientific plan for the people with intellectual disabilities,and establish interaction mechanism with multiple fields,thus to promote their physical activity levels.
The study,by summarizing the results of researches on physical activity levels of people with intellectual disability in foreign countries from pattern characteristics,recommended volume and research limitations,concluded that in term of the pattern characteristics of physical activity levels,people with intellectual disability are lower than typically developing peers;sub-groups were lower than those with simple intellectual disability;those with severe disabilities were less severe than those with milder age;among adults with intellectual disability,older age groups were lower than younger age groups.Secondly,in terms of the percentage of people who met the physical activity recommendation:people with intellectual disability were lower than those with typically developing peers;there are huge differences in the proportion of people with disabilities who meet the recommended amount of physical activity.Lastly,in terms of research limitations,there are the problems of unbalanced proportions of participants and inconsistent measurement tools.On the basis above we hold that the future of our country should attach importance to the precise measurement of the physical activity levels,broaden the research dimensions,formulate scientific plan for the people with intellectual disabilities,and establish interaction mechanism with multiple fields,thus to promote their physical activity levels.
引文
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[14] WINNICK J P.Adapted physical education and sport[M].Champaign IL:Human Kinetics,2011:152-154
[15] KATZ G,LAZCANO-PONCE E.Intellectual disability:Definition,etiological factors,classification,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis[J].Salud Pública De Mexico,2008,50(S2):s132-141
[16] MATSON J L,DIXON D R,MATSON M L,et al.Classifying mental retardation and specific strength and deficit areas in severe and profoundly mentally retarded persons with the messier[J].Research in Developmental Disabilities,2005,26(1):41-45
[17] 刘春玲.智力障碍儿童的发展与教育[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011:17-19
[18] FINLAY W M,LYONS E.Methodological issues in interviewing and using self-report questionnaires with people with mental retardation[J].Psychological Assessment,2001,13(3):319-335
[19] SHEPHARD R J.Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires[J].British Journal of Sports Medicine,2003,37(3):197-206
[20] IZQUIERDO-GOMEZ R,VEIGA O L,VILLAGRA A,et al.Correlates of sedentary behaviour in youths with down syndrome:The up & down study[J].Journal Of Sports Sciences,2015,33(14):1504-1514
[21] JOHNSON M,YUN J,MCCUBBIN J A.Validity evidence for self-report with assistance to measure physical activity behavior in adults with intellectual disabilities[J].Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities,2014,52(4):273-281
[22] LAURUSCHKUS K.Participation in physical activities and sedentary behaviour among children with physical disabilities[J].International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity,2015,3(1):1-9
[23] MCKEON M,SLEVIN E,TAGGART L.A pilot survey of physical activity in men with an intellectual disability[J].J Intellect Disabil,2013,17(2):157-167
[24] PREZ-CRUZADO D,CUESTA-VARGAS A I.Improving adherence physical activity with a smartphone application based on adults with intellectual disabilities (appcoid)[J].Bmc Public Health,2013,13(1):1173-1173
[25] VIS J C,DE BRUIN-BON R H,BOUMA B J,et al.The sedentary heart:Physical inactivity is associated with cardiac atrophy in adults with an intellectual disability[J].International Journal of Cardiology,2012,158(3):387-393
[26] FINLAYSON J,TURNER A,GRANAT M H.Measuring the actual levels and patterns of physical activity/inactivity of adults with intellectual disabilities[J].Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities,2011,24(6):508-517
[27] HINCKSON E A,CURTIS A.Measuring physical activity in children and youth living with intellectual disabilities:A systematic review[J].Research in Developmental Disabilities,2013,34(1):72-86
[28] 王欢,王馨塘,佟海青,等.三种加速度计测量多种身体活动的效度比较[J].体育科学,2014,34(5):45-50
[29] 戴剑松,孙飙.体力活动测量方法综述[J].体育科学,2005,25(9):69-75
[30] DAIRO Y M,COLLETT J,DAWES H.A feasibility study into the measurement of physical activity levels of adults with intellectual disabilities using accelerometers and the international physical activity questionnaire[J].British Journal of Learning Disabilities,2017,45:129-137
[31] CERVANTES C M,PORRETTA D L.Physical activity measurement among individuals with disabilities:A literature review[J].Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly Apaq,2010,27(3):173-190
[32] FOLEY J T,BRYAN R R,MCCUBBIN J A.Daily physical activity levels of elementary school-aged children with and without mental retardation[J].Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities,2008,20(4):365-378
[33] EINARSSON I O,OLAFSSON A,HINRIKSD TTIR G,et al.Differences in physical activity among youth with and without intellectual disability[J].Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,2014,47(2):411-418
[34] EINARSSON I,J HANNSSON E,DALY D,et al.Physical activity during school and after school among youth with and without intellectual disability[J].Research in Developmental Disabilities,2016,56:60-70
[35] SUNDALH L,ZETTERBERG M,WESTER A,et al.Physical activity levels among adolescent and young adult women and men with and without intellectual disability[J].Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities,2016,29(1):93-98
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