创业活力对城市工业经济增长的影响——基于多维视角的实证研究
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摘要
运用Sys-GMM面板方法来实证研究创业活力对中国城市工业经济增长的影响。研究显示:创业活力显著促进了城市工业增长;东部城市创业活力对工业经济的促进效应最高,中部和西部城市次之,东北城市则不显著;创业活力对城市工业经济的促进效应随着城市规模的递增而提高,即由小城市、中等城市、大城市至特大城市依次递增;在总体上,拥有经济开放政策的城市创业活力促进效应更大,但是当城市开放政策超过一定数量后,这种促进效应反而下降。
Study uses Sys-GMM panel estimation method to research the impact of entrepreneurial vitality on China's urban industrial economic growth.The study shows that entrepreneurial vitality significantly promotes the growth of urban industrial economy;the eastern cities' entrepreneurial vitality has the highest promotion effect on industrial economy,the entrepreneurial vitality of the central and Western cities is the second,and the northeastern cities' entrepreneurial vitality has no significant promotion effect;meanwhile the promotion effect of entrepreneurial vitality on urban industrial economy increases with the increase of urban scale,which also means that it increases in turn from small cities,medium-sized cities,large cities to mega-cities;generally speaking,the promotion effect of entrepreneurship vitality is greater when the city has economic opening policies,but when the urban opening policies exceeds a certain number,the promotion effect decreases.
Study uses Sys-GMM panel estimation method to research the impact of entrepreneurial vitality on China's urban industrial economic growth.The study shows that entrepreneurial vitality significantly promotes the growth of urban industrial economy;the eastern cities' entrepreneurial vitality has the highest promotion effect on industrial economy,the entrepreneurial vitality of the central and Western cities is the second,and the northeastern cities' entrepreneurial vitality has no significant promotion effect;meanwhile the promotion effect of entrepreneurial vitality on urban industrial economy increases with the increase of urban scale,which also means that it increases in turn from small cities,medium-sized cities,large cities to mega-cities;generally speaking,the promotion effect of entrepreneurship vitality is greater when the city has economic opening policies,but when the urban opening policies exceeds a certain number,the promotion effect decreases.
引文
[1]Schumpeter,J.A.,Nichol,A.J.Robinson's Economics of Imperfect Competition[J].Journal of Political Economy,1934,42(2):249-259.
[2]Libenstein,H.General X-efficiency and Economic Development[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1978.
[3]Baumol,W.Entrepreneurship:Productive,Unproductive and Destructive[J].Journal of Political Economy,1990,98(5):893-921.
[4]Acs,Z.J.,Armington,C.Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Growth[J].Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research,2002,14(1):283-288.
[5]Matejovsky,L.,Mohapatra,S.,Steiner,B.The Dynamic Effects of Entrepreneurship on Regional Economic Growth:Evidence from Canada[J].Growth and Change,2014,45(4):611-639.
[6]Yong,S.L.Entrepreneurship,Small Businesses and Economic Growth in Cities[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2017,17(2):l-21.
[7]Noseleit,F.Entrepreneurship,Structural Change and Economic Growth[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2013,23(4):735-766.
[8]Hessels,J.,Zwan,P.,Sanders,M.Entrepreneurial Activity,Industry Orientation and Economic Growth[R].Scales Research Reports,2013.
[9]Urbano,D.,Aparicio,S.,Audretsch,D.Twenty-five Years of Research on Institutions,Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth:What Has Been Learned?[J].Small Business Economics,2018,8:1-29.
[10]Chowdhury,F.,Terjesen,S.,Audretsch,D.Varieties of Entrepreneurship:Institutional Drivers across Entrepreneurial Activity and Country[J].European Journal of Law&Economics,2015,40(1):1-28.
[11]Aparicio,S.,Urbano,D.,Audretsch,D.Institutional Factors,Opportunity Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth:Panel Data Evidence[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2016,102:45-61.
[12]Casta?o,M.S.,Méndez,M.T.,Galindo,M.á.The Effect of Public Policies on Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Growth[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(11):5280-5285.
[13]Fritsch,M.,Wyrwich,M.Effect of Entrepreneurship on Economic Development:An Empirical Analysis Using Regional Entrepreneurship Culture[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2017,17(1):l-49.
[14]庄子银.创新、企业家活动配置与长期经济增长[J].经济研究,2007,8:82-94.Zhuang Z Y.Innovation,Allocation of Entrepreneurial Activities and Long Run Economic Growth[J].Economic Research Journal,2007,8:82-94.
[15]何予平.企业家精神与中国经济增长--基于C-D生产函数的实证研究[J].当代财经,2006,7:95-100,104.He Y P.Entrepreneurship and China's Economic Growth:Empirical Study on C-DProduction Function[J].Contemporary Finance&Economics,2006,7:95-100,104.
[16]李宏彬,等.企业家的创业与创新精神对中国经济增长的影响[J].经济研究,2009,10:99-108.Li H B,etal.Examining the Impact of Business Entrepreneurship and Innovation Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2009,44(10):99-108.
[17]代明,郑闽.企业家创业、创新精神与全要素生产率增长--基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析[J].科技管理研究,2018,1:156-162.Dai M,Zheng M.Entrepreneurship,Innovation,and Total Factor Productivity:Empirical Analysis of Provincial Panel Data in China[J].Science and Technology Management Research,2018,38(1):156-162.
[18]邹欣.什么样的创业能够促进经济发展?--基于跨国面板数据的实证分析[J].经济评论,2018,3:3-12.Zou X.What Type of Entrepreneurship Can Promote the Development of Economics:Empirical Analysis from Cross-country Panel Data[J].Economic Review,2018,3:3-12.
[19]蒋含明,王军辉,李非.企业家创业、生产性公共支出与区域经济增长--基于动态空间面板方法的实证研究[J].经济评论,2013,2:76-84.Jiang H M,Wang J H,Li F.Entrepreneurial Start-ups,Government Productive Expenditure and Regional Economic Growth:Empirical Study Based on Dynamic Spatial Panel Method[J].Economic Review,2013,2:76-84.
[20]明秀南.制度环境、创业与经济增长[J].财经问题研究,2016,4:11-17.Ming X N.Institutional Environment,Entrepreneurship and Economic growth[J].Research on Financial and Economic Issues,2016,4:11-17.
[21]王立平,陈琛.创业、知识过滤与区域经济增长[J].产业经济研究,2009,5:60-66.Wang L P,Chen C.Entrepreneurship,Knowledge Filtering and Regional Economic Growth[J].Industrial Economics Research,2009,5:60-66.
[22]李华晶.知识过滤、创业活动与经济增长--基于我国31个地区的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,7:1001-1007.Li H J.Knowledge Filter,Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Growth:Empirical Analysis Based on 31 Regions in China[J].Studies in Science of Science,2010,28(7):1001-1007.
[23]胡海峰.美国创投资行业区域集聚特征与集聚效应[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2008,5:62-66.Hu H F.Agglomeration and Its Effects of the US Venture Capital Industry[J].Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,2008,5:62-66.
[24]黄筱彧,杜德斌,杨文龙.中国互联网创业的集聚特征与区位因素初探[J].科学学研究,2018,3:493-501.Huang X Y,Du D B,Yang W L.Study on Agglomeration Characteristics and Location Selection of Chinese Internet Entrepreneurship[J].Studies in Science of Science,2018,36(3):493-501.
[25]Ebenstein,A.Winners and Losers of Multinational Firm Entry into Developing Countries:Evidence from the Special Economic Zones of the People’s Republic of China[J].Ssrn Electronic Journal,2012,29(1):29-56.
[26]柯善咨,赵曜.产业结构、城市规模与中国城市生产率[J].经济研究,2014,4:76-88,115.Ke S Z,Zhao Y.Industrial Structure,Urban Scale and Urban Productivity in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2014,4:76-88,115.
[27]Georgellis,Y.,Wall,H.What Makes a Region Entrepreneurial?Evidence from Britain[J].Annals of Regional Science,2000,34:385-403.
[28]Beugelsdijk,S.,Noorderhaven,N.Entrepreneurial Attitude and Economic Growth:ACross-section of 54 Regions[J].Annals of Regional Science,2004,38(2):199-218.
[29]Glaeser,E.L.Entrepreneurship and the City[R].Nber Working Papers,2007(32-33):1626.
[30]陈哲,杨旭.创业拉动劳动力需求和促进民生经济发展的实证研究[J].东北财经大学学报,2010,3:43-48.Chen Z,Yang X.Empirical Study on Entrepreneurship Driving Labor Demand and Promoting People's Livelihood and Economic Development[J].Journal of Northeast University of Finance and Economics,2010,3:43-48.
[31]孙浦阳,韩帅,许启钦.产业集聚对劳动生产率的动态影响[J].世界经济,2013,3:33-53.Sun P Y,Han S,Xu Q Q.Dynamic Impact of Industrial Agglomeration on Labor Productivity[J].Journal of World Economy,2013,3:33-53.
(1)这里对城区的定义来源于国务院2014年出台的城市规模划分标准文件。
(1)面板SCC模型是一种改进的面板FE模型,在处理横截面异方差、序列相关性等方面具有一定优势。
(1)有需要的读者可向作者索取。
[2]Libenstein,H.General X-efficiency and Economic Development[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1978.
[3]Baumol,W.Entrepreneurship:Productive,Unproductive and Destructive[J].Journal of Political Economy,1990,98(5):893-921.
[4]Acs,Z.J.,Armington,C.Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Growth[J].Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research,2002,14(1):283-288.
[5]Matejovsky,L.,Mohapatra,S.,Steiner,B.The Dynamic Effects of Entrepreneurship on Regional Economic Growth:Evidence from Canada[J].Growth and Change,2014,45(4):611-639.
[6]Yong,S.L.Entrepreneurship,Small Businesses and Economic Growth in Cities[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2017,17(2):l-21.
[7]Noseleit,F.Entrepreneurship,Structural Change and Economic Growth[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2013,23(4):735-766.
[8]Hessels,J.,Zwan,P.,Sanders,M.Entrepreneurial Activity,Industry Orientation and Economic Growth[R].Scales Research Reports,2013.
[9]Urbano,D.,Aparicio,S.,Audretsch,D.Twenty-five Years of Research on Institutions,Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth:What Has Been Learned?[J].Small Business Economics,2018,8:1-29.
[10]Chowdhury,F.,Terjesen,S.,Audretsch,D.Varieties of Entrepreneurship:Institutional Drivers across Entrepreneurial Activity and Country[J].European Journal of Law&Economics,2015,40(1):1-28.
[11]Aparicio,S.,Urbano,D.,Audretsch,D.Institutional Factors,Opportunity Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth:Panel Data Evidence[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2016,102:45-61.
[12]Casta?o,M.S.,Méndez,M.T.,Galindo,M.á.The Effect of Public Policies on Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Growth[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(11):5280-5285.
[13]Fritsch,M.,Wyrwich,M.Effect of Entrepreneurship on Economic Development:An Empirical Analysis Using Regional Entrepreneurship Culture[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2017,17(1):l-49.
[14]庄子银.创新、企业家活动配置与长期经济增长[J].经济研究,2007,8:82-94.Zhuang Z Y.Innovation,Allocation of Entrepreneurial Activities and Long Run Economic Growth[J].Economic Research Journal,2007,8:82-94.
[15]何予平.企业家精神与中国经济增长--基于C-D生产函数的实证研究[J].当代财经,2006,7:95-100,104.He Y P.Entrepreneurship and China's Economic Growth:Empirical Study on C-DProduction Function[J].Contemporary Finance&Economics,2006,7:95-100,104.
[16]李宏彬,等.企业家的创业与创新精神对中国经济增长的影响[J].经济研究,2009,10:99-108.Li H B,etal.Examining the Impact of Business Entrepreneurship and Innovation Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2009,44(10):99-108.
[17]代明,郑闽.企业家创业、创新精神与全要素生产率增长--基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析[J].科技管理研究,2018,1:156-162.Dai M,Zheng M.Entrepreneurship,Innovation,and Total Factor Productivity:Empirical Analysis of Provincial Panel Data in China[J].Science and Technology Management Research,2018,38(1):156-162.
[18]邹欣.什么样的创业能够促进经济发展?--基于跨国面板数据的实证分析[J].经济评论,2018,3:3-12.Zou X.What Type of Entrepreneurship Can Promote the Development of Economics:Empirical Analysis from Cross-country Panel Data[J].Economic Review,2018,3:3-12.
[19]蒋含明,王军辉,李非.企业家创业、生产性公共支出与区域经济增长--基于动态空间面板方法的实证研究[J].经济评论,2013,2:76-84.Jiang H M,Wang J H,Li F.Entrepreneurial Start-ups,Government Productive Expenditure and Regional Economic Growth:Empirical Study Based on Dynamic Spatial Panel Method[J].Economic Review,2013,2:76-84.
[20]明秀南.制度环境、创业与经济增长[J].财经问题研究,2016,4:11-17.Ming X N.Institutional Environment,Entrepreneurship and Economic growth[J].Research on Financial and Economic Issues,2016,4:11-17.
[21]王立平,陈琛.创业、知识过滤与区域经济增长[J].产业经济研究,2009,5:60-66.Wang L P,Chen C.Entrepreneurship,Knowledge Filtering and Regional Economic Growth[J].Industrial Economics Research,2009,5:60-66.
[22]李华晶.知识过滤、创业活动与经济增长--基于我国31个地区的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,7:1001-1007.Li H J.Knowledge Filter,Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Growth:Empirical Analysis Based on 31 Regions in China[J].Studies in Science of Science,2010,28(7):1001-1007.
[23]胡海峰.美国创投资行业区域集聚特征与集聚效应[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2008,5:62-66.Hu H F.Agglomeration and Its Effects of the US Venture Capital Industry[J].Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,2008,5:62-66.
[24]黄筱彧,杜德斌,杨文龙.中国互联网创业的集聚特征与区位因素初探[J].科学学研究,2018,3:493-501.Huang X Y,Du D B,Yang W L.Study on Agglomeration Characteristics and Location Selection of Chinese Internet Entrepreneurship[J].Studies in Science of Science,2018,36(3):493-501.
[25]Ebenstein,A.Winners and Losers of Multinational Firm Entry into Developing Countries:Evidence from the Special Economic Zones of the People’s Republic of China[J].Ssrn Electronic Journal,2012,29(1):29-56.
[26]柯善咨,赵曜.产业结构、城市规模与中国城市生产率[J].经济研究,2014,4:76-88,115.Ke S Z,Zhao Y.Industrial Structure,Urban Scale and Urban Productivity in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2014,4:76-88,115.
[27]Georgellis,Y.,Wall,H.What Makes a Region Entrepreneurial?Evidence from Britain[J].Annals of Regional Science,2000,34:385-403.
[28]Beugelsdijk,S.,Noorderhaven,N.Entrepreneurial Attitude and Economic Growth:ACross-section of 54 Regions[J].Annals of Regional Science,2004,38(2):199-218.
[29]Glaeser,E.L.Entrepreneurship and the City[R].Nber Working Papers,2007(32-33):1626.
[30]陈哲,杨旭.创业拉动劳动力需求和促进民生经济发展的实证研究[J].东北财经大学学报,2010,3:43-48.Chen Z,Yang X.Empirical Study on Entrepreneurship Driving Labor Demand and Promoting People's Livelihood and Economic Development[J].Journal of Northeast University of Finance and Economics,2010,3:43-48.
[31]孙浦阳,韩帅,许启钦.产业集聚对劳动生产率的动态影响[J].世界经济,2013,3:33-53.Sun P Y,Han S,Xu Q Q.Dynamic Impact of Industrial Agglomeration on Labor Productivity[J].Journal of World Economy,2013,3:33-53.
(1)这里对城区的定义来源于国务院2014年出台的城市规模划分标准文件。
(1)面板SCC模型是一种改进的面板FE模型,在处理横截面异方差、序列相关性等方面具有一定优势。
(1)有需要的读者可向作者索取。