头细蛾专性授粉体系中区域性共生多样化研究
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摘要
头细蛾属昆虫与叶下珠科植物互利共生体系中头细蛾复合体的区域性物种组成的具体情况是互利共生多样性研究模型选取的重要参考指标。本研究通过对全世界头细蛾属昆虫与叶下珠科植物协同进化体系中非一对一互利共生关系进行系统的整理,并对小果叶下珠Phyllanthus microcarpus、黑面神Breynia fruticosa、圆果算盘子Glochidion sphaerogynum、革叶算盘子Glochidion daltonii 4种植物相关的互利共生模式在不同分布区头细蛾物种成分以及种群动态进行研究。结果显示:在广西小果叶下珠居群上共生3种头细蛾,这3种头细蛾在同年的第一个世代只出现2种,在云南和海南小果叶下珠上全年只发现2种,而在广州目前饲养的头细蛾成虫更是仅有叔头细蛾1种;革叶算盘子在云南和四川有2种共生头细蛾,而在广西和海南均仅有1种;在海南和厦门黑面神与喙果黑面神共享2种头细蛾,而在广西和广东黑面神上仅发现1种头细蛾;圆果算盘子是目前发现共生头细蛾物种最复杂的寄主植物,在海南记载有4种头细蛾,但在云南圆果算盘子上仅发现优头细蛾1种。4种寄主植物相关的互利共生体系中头细蛾物种组成在不同的分布地均发生了不同程度的区域性共生多样化,甚至在同一地区的不同世代之间也存在着头细蛾物种数量的变化,这对于深入理解具有互利共生关系的物种间协同进化多样性形成机制具有重要的意义。
The regional composition of Epicephala species complexis an important reference for choosing models on the research of mutualistic diversification in Epicephala moths. In this study, we sorted out the data of no "one-to-one" models in mutualisms between Epicephala and Phyllanthaceae in system across the world, and determined the composition and population dynamics of Epicephala species complex in four models including Phyllanthus microcarpus, Breynia fruticosa, Glochidion sphaerogynum, Glochidion daltonii from different areas. The results showed that Epicephala associate with P. microcarpus included 3 sepcies in Guangxi, but these species were found 2 in the first generation of the same year, while there were only 2 species separately in the whole year in Yunnan and Hainan, only 1 species was reared as adult on P. microcarpus in Guangzhou; Epicephala associate with G. daltonii contained 2 species in Yunnan and Sichuan, but 1 species in Guangxi and Hainan; in Hainan and Xiamen, B. fruticosa shared 2 Epicephala species with B. rostrata, but only 1 specie was found on B. fruticosa in Guangxi and Guangdong; G. sphaerogynum has the most complicated species compositions of Epicephala moths, it has 4 species in Hainan, but just only one of them was found in Yunnan, E. domina. Elements of Epicephala complex associate with the four host plant species respectively had partial variety in degree corresponding to distribution ranges, even in different generations of the same area per year. The partial diversification of Epicephala species complex has happened in different mutualistic models, it will contribute to understanding the formation mechanisms of evolutionary diversification between symbioses in mutualistic systems.
The regional composition of Epicephala species complexis an important reference for choosing models on the research of mutualistic diversification in Epicephala moths. In this study, we sorted out the data of no "one-to-one" models in mutualisms between Epicephala and Phyllanthaceae in system across the world, and determined the composition and population dynamics of Epicephala species complex in four models including Phyllanthus microcarpus, Breynia fruticosa, Glochidion sphaerogynum, Glochidion daltonii from different areas. The results showed that Epicephala associate with P. microcarpus included 3 sepcies in Guangxi, but these species were found 2 in the first generation of the same year, while there were only 2 species separately in the whole year in Yunnan and Hainan, only 1 species was reared as adult on P. microcarpus in Guangzhou; Epicephala associate with G. daltonii contained 2 species in Yunnan and Sichuan, but 1 species in Guangxi and Hainan; in Hainan and Xiamen, B. fruticosa shared 2 Epicephala species with B. rostrata, but only 1 specie was found on B. fruticosa in Guangxi and Guangdong; G. sphaerogynum has the most complicated species compositions of Epicephala moths, it has 4 species in Hainan, but just only one of them was found in Yunnan, E. domina. Elements of Epicephala complex associate with the four host plant species respectively had partial variety in degree corresponding to distribution ranges, even in different generations of the same area per year. The partial diversification of Epicephala species complex has happened in different mutualistic models, it will contribute to understanding the formation mechanisms of evolutionary diversification between symbioses in mutualistic systems.
引文
Bai HY, Li HH. Brief review of obligate pollination mutualism between Epicephala moths and Euphorbiaceae trees [J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 2008, 45 (1): 166-169. [白海燕, 李后魂. 传粉细蛾与叶下珠科植物专性授粉的互惠共生体系 [J]. 昆虫知识, 2008, 45 (1): 166-169]
Hu BB, Li HH, Shi FC. Advance in the study of the mutualism between Epicephala moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and Euphorbiaceae plants in China [J]. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2011, 36 (2): 447-457. [胡冰冰, 李后魂, 石福臣. 中国头细蛾属昆虫(鳞翅目: 细蛾科)与叶下珠科植物互利共生关系研究进展 [J]. 动物分类学报, 2011, 36 (2): 447-457]
Hu BB, Wang SX, Zhang J,et al. Taxonomy and biology of two seed-parasitic gracillariid moths (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), with description of one new species [J]. ZooKeys, 2011, 83: 43-56.
Hembry DH, Althof DM. Diversification and coevolution in brood pollination mutualisms: Windows into the role of biotic interactions in generating biological diversity [J]. American Journal of Botany, 2016, 103 (10): 1783-1792.
Huang DH, Chen GP, Yang XF,et al. Analysis of the composition and sexual dimorphism of floral scent in Phyllanthus microcarpus [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36 (13): 4013-4020. [黄代红, 陈国平, 杨晓飞, 等. 小果叶下珠花气味组成及其两性异型性 [J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36 (13): 4013-4020]
Kawakita A, Okamoto T, Goto R,et al. Mutualism favours higher host specificity than does antagonism in plant-herbivore interaction [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 2010, 276: 417-426. Doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0355
Kawakita A, Mochizuki K, Kato M. Reversal of mutualism in a leafflower-leafflower moth association: The possible driving role of a third-party partner [J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015. Doi: 10.1111/bij.12633
Kerdelhue SC, Clainche IL, Rasplus JY. Molecular phylogeny of the Ceratosolen species pollinating Ficus of the subgenus Sycomonts sensu stricto: Biogeographical history and origins of the species-specificity breakdown cases [J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1999, 3: 401-414.
Li BT, Gilbert MG. Euphorbiaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY, eds. Flora of China. Vol. 11 [M]. Beijing :Science Press, and St. Louis : Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 2008: 183-314.
Li HH, Yang XF. Three new species of Epicephala Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) associated with Phyllanthus microcarpus (Benth.) (Phyllanthaceae) [J]. ZooKeys, 2015, 484: 71-81.
Li HH, Wang ZB, Hu BB. Four new species of Epicephala Meyrick, 1880 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) associated with two Glochidion plants (Phyllanthaceae) [J]. Zookeys, 2015, 508: 53-67.
Li HH, Zhang ZG. Five species of the genus Epicephala Meyrick, 1880 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from China [J]. Zootaxa, 2016: 4084. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4084.3.5
Li HH, Zheng ZM. Methods and techniques of specimens of microlepidoptera [J]. Journal of Shanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 1996, 24 (3): 63-70.
Meyrick E. Descriptiongs of Australian Mico-Lepidoptera III, Tineina [M]. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 1880, 5 (1): 132-182.
Okamoto T, Kawakita A, Kato M. Interspecific variation of floral scent composition in Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its association with host-specific pollinating seed parasite (Epicephala, Gracillariidae) [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2007, 33: 1065-1081.
Pellmyr O, Segraves KA. Pollinator divergence within an obligate pollination mutualism: Two yucca moth species (Lepidoptera; Prodoxidae: Tegeticula) on the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia; Agavaceae) [J]. Entomological Society of America, 2003, 96: 716-722.
Thompson JN. The role of coevolution [J]. Science, 2012, 335: 410-411.
Yang XF, Li HH.Mutualism between Epicephala sp. and Phyllanthus microcarpus-Biology and mutualistic stability [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2015, 52 (1): 173-183. [杨晓飞, 李后魂. 小果头细蛾与小果叶下珠互利共生的研究-生物学及系统稳定性 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2015, 52 (1): 173-183]
Yoder JB, Nuismer SL. When does coenolution promote diversification?[J]. The American Naturalist, 2010, 176 (6): 802-817.
Zhang J, Hu BB, Wang SX,et al. Six new species of the genus Epicephala Meyrick, 1880 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) associated with Euphorbiaceae plants [J]. Zootaxa, 2012a, 3275: 43-54.
Zhang J, Wang SX, Li HH,et al. Diffuse coevolution between two Epicephala species (Gracillariidae) and two Breynia species (Phyllanthaceae) [J]. PLoS ONE, 2012b, 7 (7): e41657.
Zhang ZG, Teng KJ, Li HH. Biological characteristics of Epicephala ancylopa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on host Glochidion sp. (Phyllanthaceae) and the compositional analysis of its floral scent [J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2016, 59 (6): 669-681. [张振国, 滕开建, 李后魂. 三室算盘子寄主上弯头细蛾的生物学特性及花气味成分分析 [J]. 昆虫学报, 2016, 59 (6): 669-681]
Hu BB, Li HH, Shi FC. Advance in the study of the mutualism between Epicephala moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and Euphorbiaceae plants in China [J]. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2011, 36 (2): 447-457. [胡冰冰, 李后魂, 石福臣. 中国头细蛾属昆虫(鳞翅目: 细蛾科)与叶下珠科植物互利共生关系研究进展 [J]. 动物分类学报, 2011, 36 (2): 447-457]
Hu BB, Wang SX, Zhang J,et al. Taxonomy and biology of two seed-parasitic gracillariid moths (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), with description of one new species [J]. ZooKeys, 2011, 83: 43-56.
Hembry DH, Althof DM. Diversification and coevolution in brood pollination mutualisms: Windows into the role of biotic interactions in generating biological diversity [J]. American Journal of Botany, 2016, 103 (10): 1783-1792.
Huang DH, Chen GP, Yang XF,et al. Analysis of the composition and sexual dimorphism of floral scent in Phyllanthus microcarpus [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36 (13): 4013-4020. [黄代红, 陈国平, 杨晓飞, 等. 小果叶下珠花气味组成及其两性异型性 [J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36 (13): 4013-4020]
Kawakita A, Okamoto T, Goto R,et al. Mutualism favours higher host specificity than does antagonism in plant-herbivore interaction [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 2010, 276: 417-426. Doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0355
Kawakita A, Mochizuki K, Kato M. Reversal of mutualism in a leafflower-leafflower moth association: The possible driving role of a third-party partner [J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015. Doi: 10.1111/bij.12633
Kerdelhue SC, Clainche IL, Rasplus JY. Molecular phylogeny of the Ceratosolen species pollinating Ficus of the subgenus Sycomonts sensu stricto: Biogeographical history and origins of the species-specificity breakdown cases [J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1999, 3: 401-414.
Li BT, Gilbert MG. Euphorbiaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY, eds. Flora of China. Vol. 11 [M]. Beijing :Science Press, and St. Louis : Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 2008: 183-314.
Li HH, Yang XF. Three new species of Epicephala Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) associated with Phyllanthus microcarpus (Benth.) (Phyllanthaceae) [J]. ZooKeys, 2015, 484: 71-81.
Li HH, Wang ZB, Hu BB. Four new species of Epicephala Meyrick, 1880 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) associated with two Glochidion plants (Phyllanthaceae) [J]. Zookeys, 2015, 508: 53-67.
Li HH, Zhang ZG. Five species of the genus Epicephala Meyrick, 1880 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from China [J]. Zootaxa, 2016: 4084. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4084.3.5
Li HH, Zheng ZM. Methods and techniques of specimens of microlepidoptera [J]. Journal of Shanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 1996, 24 (3): 63-70.
Meyrick E. Descriptiongs of Australian Mico-Lepidoptera III, Tineina [M]. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 1880, 5 (1): 132-182.
Okamoto T, Kawakita A, Kato M. Interspecific variation of floral scent composition in Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its association with host-specific pollinating seed parasite (Epicephala, Gracillariidae) [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2007, 33: 1065-1081.
Pellmyr O, Segraves KA. Pollinator divergence within an obligate pollination mutualism: Two yucca moth species (Lepidoptera; Prodoxidae: Tegeticula) on the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia; Agavaceae) [J]. Entomological Society of America, 2003, 96: 716-722.
Thompson JN. The role of coevolution [J]. Science, 2012, 335: 410-411.
Yang XF, Li HH.Mutualism between Epicephala sp. and Phyllanthus microcarpus-Biology and mutualistic stability [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2015, 52 (1): 173-183. [杨晓飞, 李后魂. 小果头细蛾与小果叶下珠互利共生的研究-生物学及系统稳定性 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2015, 52 (1): 173-183]
Yoder JB, Nuismer SL. When does coenolution promote diversification?[J]. The American Naturalist, 2010, 176 (6): 802-817.
Zhang J, Hu BB, Wang SX,et al. Six new species of the genus Epicephala Meyrick, 1880 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) associated with Euphorbiaceae plants [J]. Zootaxa, 2012a, 3275: 43-54.
Zhang J, Wang SX, Li HH,et al. Diffuse coevolution between two Epicephala species (Gracillariidae) and two Breynia species (Phyllanthaceae) [J]. PLoS ONE, 2012b, 7 (7): e41657.
Zhang ZG, Teng KJ, Li HH. Biological characteristics of Epicephala ancylopa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on host Glochidion sp. (Phyllanthaceae) and the compositional analysis of its floral scent [J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2016, 59 (6): 669-681. [张振国, 滕开建, 李后魂. 三室算盘子寄主上弯头细蛾的生物学特性及花气味成分分析 [J]. 昆虫学报, 2016, 59 (6): 669-681]