镍和硅复合添加对低温高韧性球墨铸铁组织和性能的影响
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摘要
采用1.2%～1.8%的镍对低温球墨铸铁进行合金化,同时加入2.0%～2.5%Si,并采用石墨化两阶段退火或低温石墨化退火工艺进行热处理。结果表明,热处理后材料的微观组织由铁素体、球状石墨和极少珠光体组成。当Si量为2.01%,Ni量为1.2%时,-20℃和-40℃的低温冲击功AKV都最高,分别达到16.3 J和13.6 J,同时抗拉强度大于400 MPa,伸长率高达23%。因此,要获得低温高韧性球墨铸铁,即保证不降低材料低温冲击功的前提下,提高其抗拉强度,应该选择合理的镍、硅含量,其中Ni量不超过1.5%,Si量在1.9%和2.3%之间。
Low-temperature ductile iron were alloyed with 1.2%-1.8% Ni and 2.0%-2.5%Si, and then treated through two-stage graphitization annealing or low temperature graphitization annealing process. The results show that the microstructure of ductile iron after heat treatment is composed of ferrite, spherical graphite and small amount of pearlite; when the content of Si is 2.01% and the content of Ni is 1.2%, the low temperature impact energy Akv is the highest, reaching 16.3 J at-20 ℃ and 13.6 J at-40 ℃, respectively, and its tensile strength is greater than 400 MPa, elongation is up to 23%, which implies that low temperature ductile iron with high tensile strength and high toughness in a condition that ensures its low temperature impact energy can be obtained when the content of Ni is not more than 1.5% and that of Si is between 1.9% and 2.3%.
Low-temperature ductile iron were alloyed with 1.2%-1.8% Ni and 2.0%-2.5%Si, and then treated through two-stage graphitization annealing or low temperature graphitization annealing process. The results show that the microstructure of ductile iron after heat treatment is composed of ferrite, spherical graphite and small amount of pearlite; when the content of Si is 2.01% and the content of Ni is 1.2%, the low temperature impact energy Akv is the highest, reaching 16.3 J at-20 ℃ and 13.6 J at-40 ℃, respectively, and its tensile strength is greater than 400 MPa, elongation is up to 23%, which implies that low temperature ductile iron with high tensile strength and high toughness in a condition that ensures its low temperature impact energy can be obtained when the content of Ni is not more than 1.5% and that of Si is between 1.9% and 2.3%.
引文
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[3]薛强军.风电装备整机与铸件生产的现状及展望[J].现代铸铁,2009(3):18-22.
[4]王广建.硅对风电低温高韧性铸态球墨铸铁组织及性能的影响[D].湖南:湖南大学,2014.
[5]吉文哲,王守忠.镍含量对球墨铸铁组织性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2016(45):81-84.
[6]LACAZE J,LARRANAGA P,ASENJO I,et al.Influence of 1 wt-%addition of Ni on structural and mechanical properties of ferritic ductile irons[J].Materials Science and Technology,2012(28):603-608.
[7]杨忠华.Si和Ni在铸态铁素体球墨铸铁中作用的电子机理研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2017.
[8]李克锐,曾艺成,张忠仇.我国球墨铸铁生产应用的进展[C]//2008年中国铸造活动周论文集.沈阳:中国机械工程学会铸造分会,2008,12-21.
[9]崔峰,刘玉林.消除风电球铁件表面缺陷的涂料组合应用[J].铸造,2010(59):961-963.
[10]机械工程协会铸造分会.铸造手册:铸铁[M].第2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[11]梁义田,刘真,袁森.合金元素在铸铁中的应用[M].陕西:西安交通大学出版社,1992.
[12]王景德.关于铁素体球铁中的硅与球铁机械性能关系的研究[J].铸造技术,1992(3):24-26.
[13]张丽辉.球墨铸铁冲击韧性的改善及其摩擦焊接工艺的研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2006.
[14]郝社平.硅对铸态铁素体球铁低温冲击韧性的影响[J].现代铸铁,1993(1):11-15.