匈奴名号考
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摘要
匈奴作为我国古代北方一个强大的游牧族群,与中原王朝之间形成一种密不可分的关系。汉文文献对于"匈奴"这一名号,也有较多记载,今人也对其进行了一些研究,但"匈奴"一词究竟是何涵义却众说纷纭,迄今为止尚无定论。本文欲结合史籍、民族学与民俗学等材料,通过研究"匈奴"的字形、字音的演变过程及其与史籍记载中的"巫啸"与流传至今的"呼麦"的关系,论证"匈奴"这一名号的来源与涵义。
As a strong northern minority in ancient China,Xiongnu had kept a very close relationship with the Central Plains dynasties. In ancient materials and books,there are a lot of records about the appellation of Xiongnu; and some related studies have been made by contemporary scholars. However,till today,no conclusion has been reached about the definition of Xiongnu and there are different opinions on the meaning of the word. In this paper,a study of the developing progress of the formation and sound of the word Xiongnu will be made based on historical materials as well as ethnology and folklore materials. The relationship between Wuxiao in historical materials and the popular custom Humai will also be discussed in order to demonstrate the source and meaning of Xiongnu.
As a strong northern minority in ancient China,Xiongnu had kept a very close relationship with the Central Plains dynasties. In ancient materials and books,there are a lot of records about the appellation of Xiongnu; and some related studies have been made by contemporary scholars. However,till today,no conclusion has been reached about the definition of Xiongnu and there are different opinions on the meaning of the word. In this paper,a study of the developing progress of the formation and sound of the word Xiongnu will be made based on historical materials as well as ethnology and folklore materials. The relationship between Wuxiao in historical materials and the popular custom Humai will also be discussed in order to demonstrate the source and meaning of Xiongnu.
引文
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[2]张全超、朱泓.关于匈奴人种问题的几点认识[J].中央民族大学学报,2006,(06).
[3]马利清.关于匈奴人种的考古学和人类学研究[J].中央民族大学学报,2007,(04).
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[16]张宇.辽西地区出土史前时期人像与呼麦传承[J].赤峰学院学报,2017(11):33.
[17]范子烨.呼麦艺术的鼻祖:对兴隆沟红山文化陶塑人像的音乐学解读[N].中国社会科学报,2012-11-23(B04).
[18]熊增珑.辽宁朝阳半拉山红山文化积石冢[J].大众考古,2016(1).
[19]耿世民.古代突厥文碑铭研究·阙特勤碑[M].北京:中央民族大学出版社,2005.
[20]范晔.后汉书·方术下[M].北京:中华书局,1965.
[21]房玄龄.晋书[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[22]李焕青.古代北方少数民族名号与崇山习俗考论[D].东北师范大学,2014.
[2]张全超、朱泓.关于匈奴人种问题的几点认识[J].中央民族大学学报,2006,(06).
[3]马利清.关于匈奴人种的考古学和人类学研究[J].中央民族大学学报,2007,(04).
[4]司马迁.史记[M].北京:中华书局.1959.
[5]白鸟库吉(方壮猷译).东胡民族考(上)[M].上海:商务印书馆,1934.
[6]任崇岳.“匈奴”族名来源辨析[N].中国社会科学报,2016-02-22-004.
[7]卡哈尔曼·穆汗.塞、匈奴、月氏、铁勒四部名称考[J].西域研究,2000,(4):27-28.
[8]李焕青.“山戎”名号考[J].中央民族大学学报,2010,(1):77-81.
[9]张光直.考古学专题六讲[M].北京:文物出版社,1986.
[10]焦氏易林[M].四库全书本.
[11]许慎.说文解字[M].清代陳昌治刻本.
[12]康熙字典[M].上海:商务印书馆,1935.
[13]魏收.魏书[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[14]朱骏声.说文通训定声[M].影印道光二十八年刻本.
[15]班固.汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1962.
[16]张宇.辽西地区出土史前时期人像与呼麦传承[J].赤峰学院学报,2017(11):33.
[17]范子烨.呼麦艺术的鼻祖:对兴隆沟红山文化陶塑人像的音乐学解读[N].中国社会科学报,2012-11-23(B04).
[18]熊增珑.辽宁朝阳半拉山红山文化积石冢[J].大众考古,2016(1).
[19]耿世民.古代突厥文碑铭研究·阙特勤碑[M].北京:中央民族大学出版社,2005.
[20]范晔.后汉书·方术下[M].北京:中华书局,1965.
[21]房玄龄.晋书[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[22]李焕青.古代北方少数民族名号与崇山习俗考论[D].东北师范大学,2014.