不同土地利用格局下地表径流对降水特征的响应
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摘要
基于设定的试验区和南京市一年的真实降水数据,在SWMM模型中设置传统土地利用开发建设格局S1和最优土地利用格局S2两种土地利用情景,采用SPSS软件定量分析了降水特征对地表径流的响应。结果表明,S2能有效降低地表径流量,但在降雨量、降雨强度较大时,其地表径流的消减作用会显著降低,甚至会出现增加径流量的情况,表明仅通过土地利用格局的优化尚无法应对由强降雨造成的城市内涝问题;径流特征受多个降水特征的综合影响,其中总径流差值与降雨历时、降雨量及降雨重现期三者所构成的回归方程拟合优度最高。
Based on the real precipitation data of the set experimental area and Nanjing in one year,two land use scenarios,traditional land use development and construction pattern S1 and the optimal land use pattern S2,were set in the SWMM model.The quantitative influence of the precipitation characteristics on the surface runoff was analyzed by using SPSS software.The results show that the S2 can effectively reduce the surface runoff within relatively low rainfall.But when the rainfall increased to large amount or intensity,the reduction of surface runoff will decrease significantly,sometimes even increases the runoff,which indicates that only the land use pattern of the city cannot solve the urban waterlogging caused by heavy rainfall.The runoff characteristics are influenced by the multiple precipitation characteristics.The total runoff difference can be explained mainly by rainfall duration,rainfall and rainfall reappearance period.
Based on the real precipitation data of the set experimental area and Nanjing in one year,two land use scenarios,traditional land use development and construction pattern S1 and the optimal land use pattern S2,were set in the SWMM model.The quantitative influence of the precipitation characteristics on the surface runoff was analyzed by using SPSS software.The results show that the S2 can effectively reduce the surface runoff within relatively low rainfall.But when the rainfall increased to large amount or intensity,the reduction of surface runoff will decrease significantly,sometimes even increases the runoff,which indicates that only the land use pattern of the city cannot solve the urban waterlogging caused by heavy rainfall.The runoff characteristics are influenced by the multiple precipitation characteristics.The total runoff difference can be explained mainly by rainfall duration,rainfall and rainfall reappearance period.
引文
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[4]班玉龙,孔繁花,尹海伟,等.土地利用格局对SWMM模型汇流模式选择及相应产流特征的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(14):4 317-4 326.
[5]何福力,胡彩虹,王民,等.SWMM模型在城市排水系统规划建设中的应用[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(6):48-53.
[6]GB50318-2017,城市排水工程规划规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017.
[7]CJJ37-2012,城市道路工程设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[8]GB50137-2011,城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[9]Carson T B,Marasco D E,Culligan P J,et al.Hydrological Performance of Extensive Green Roofs in New York City:Observations and Multi-year Modeling of Three Full-scale Systems[J].Environmental Research Letters,2013,8(2):024036.
[10]Rossman L A.Storm Water Management Model Version 5.0[M].National Risk Management Research Laboratory,United States Environmental Protection Agency,Cincinnati:Ohio,2004.
[11]Chahinian N,Moussa R,Andrieux P,et al.Comparison of Infiltration Models to Simulate Flood E-vents at the Field Scale[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,306(1-4):191-214.
[2]Kong F,Ban Y,Yin H,et al.Modeling Stormwater Management at the City District Level in Response to Changes in Land Use and Low Impact Development[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2017,95:132-142.
[3]史培军,袁艺,陈晋.深圳市土地利用变化对流域径流的影响[J].生态学报,2001,21(7):1 041-1 049.
[4]班玉龙,孔繁花,尹海伟,等.土地利用格局对SWMM模型汇流模式选择及相应产流特征的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(14):4 317-4 326.
[5]何福力,胡彩虹,王民,等.SWMM模型在城市排水系统规划建设中的应用[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(6):48-53.
[6]GB50318-2017,城市排水工程规划规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017.
[7]CJJ37-2012,城市道路工程设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[8]GB50137-2011,城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[9]Carson T B,Marasco D E,Culligan P J,et al.Hydrological Performance of Extensive Green Roofs in New York City:Observations and Multi-year Modeling of Three Full-scale Systems[J].Environmental Research Letters,2013,8(2):024036.
[10]Rossman L A.Storm Water Management Model Version 5.0[M].National Risk Management Research Laboratory,United States Environmental Protection Agency,Cincinnati:Ohio,2004.
[11]Chahinian N,Moussa R,Andrieux P,et al.Comparison of Infiltration Models to Simulate Flood E-vents at the Field Scale[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,306(1-4):191-214.