北疆地区阿克达拉灌区土壤成因和特性特征分析
|
摘要
针对新疆"沙漠绿洲灌溉农业"这一典型特点,灌区建设在北疆地区农牧业发展中具有重要作用,而灌区土壤条件作为灌区立足的根本具有举足轻重的地位,因而正确地对灌区土壤成因及土壤肥力做出评价,才能保证灌区土壤水土资源的合理开发利用和实现农牧业可持续发展。以新疆阿勒泰地区阿克达拉灌区作为研究对象,通过对灌区土壤现状的调查、资料收集、样品采集及室内化验分析,分析研究了灌区内土壤形成因素、分布以及不同类型土壤的特征特性。研究表明,灌区内土壤形成条件主要是自然因素中的冰冻作用、风力作用和温差变化作用,灌区主要分布有荒漠淡棕钙土和风沙土。风砂土质地为含土粉砂砾层-粉细质沙土,成土母质为运距离搬运的风沙为主;荒漠淡棕钙土质地为中细砂,且中细砂含量从坡上部至下部具有规律性,成土母质系为三系砂质、泥岩风化后被洪水携带或原地残留,且近代以来该区域沙化趋严重。研究成果为阿克达拉灌区和北疆类似灌区进一步开发区域内水土资源理论基础和技术依据。
Irrigation construction plays an important role in developing agriculture and animal husbandry innorthern Xinjiang, because the‘desert oasis irrigation agriculture'is a typical local characteristic, soilconditions of the irrigation area are fundamental to the irrigation district. Therefore, it is of significance tocorrectly evaluate soil resources in irrigation district in order to ensure a rational development and utilization ofwater and soil resources and to realize sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Theauthor took Akdala irrigation district in Xinjiang Aletay Area as the research objective, through investigation ofsoil quality status of the irrigation area, data and sample collection and laboratory analysis, we researched thecharacteristics, distribution and different types of soil formation of the area. The result showed that, the mainsoil forming conditions was frozen action, plus effect of wind and temperature change; soil in the irrigation areamainly comprised desert light brown calcic soil and aeolian sandy soil. The sandy soil contained gravelpowder- powder fine sandy soil, soil parent material was sand blown by the wind from far; desert light browncalcic soil was mainly fine sand, soil parent material was 3 series sandy and mudstone weathered and carriedby flood or remained in situ. In addition, desertification in the researched area has been worsening. The research can provide theoretical and technical basis for the development of irrigation resources in northern Xinjiang.
Irrigation construction plays an important role in developing agriculture and animal husbandry innorthern Xinjiang, because the‘desert oasis irrigation agriculture'is a typical local characteristic, soilconditions of the irrigation area are fundamental to the irrigation district. Therefore, it is of significance tocorrectly evaluate soil resources in irrigation district in order to ensure a rational development and utilization ofwater and soil resources and to realize sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Theauthor took Akdala irrigation district in Xinjiang Aletay Area as the research objective, through investigation ofsoil quality status of the irrigation area, data and sample collection and laboratory analysis, we researched thecharacteristics, distribution and different types of soil formation of the area. The result showed that, the mainsoil forming conditions was frozen action, plus effect of wind and temperature change; soil in the irrigation areamainly comprised desert light brown calcic soil and aeolian sandy soil. The sandy soil contained gravelpowder- powder fine sandy soil, soil parent material was sand blown by the wind from far; desert light browncalcic soil was mainly fine sand, soil parent material was 3 series sandy and mudstone weathered and carriedby flood or remained in situ. In addition, desertification in the researched area has been worsening. The research can provide theoretical and technical basis for the development of irrigation resources in northern Xinjiang.
引文
[1]关欣,李巧云,张凤荣,等.南疆平原干旱土的微形态特征[J].土壤学报,2003,40(5):672-677.
[2]王鑫,陇东部土壤沙化现状及防治对策[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(1):179-182.
[3]迪丽努尔·卡得尔.新疆鄯善绿洲土壤盐渍化特征及成因分析[J].新疆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,32(2):30-34.
[4]宋明义,蔡子华,黄春雷.浙北平原区富硒土壤基本特征与成因分析[A].福州:第十二届中国科协年会论文集[C],2010:55-66.
[5]宋明义,蔡子华,黄春雷.杭嘉湖平原区富硒土壤特征与成因分析[J].广东微量元素科学,2011,18(8):20-26.
[6]郭春海,李顺,许明丽.浅谈坝上疏缓丘陵区土壤风蚀的成因与防治措施[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(7):81-83.
[7]艾合买提·那由甫,徐海量,李吉玫.伊犁河流域林业生态建设基地淡灰钙土土壤特征研究[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(7):867-871.
[8]赖启宏,杜海燕,林杰藩等.藏珠江三角洲冲积平原土壤氟高含量区形成原因[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(3):370-375.
[9]林永崇,冯金良,张继峰,等.藏北高原安多地区高山草甸土的母质成因及其成土模式[J].山地学报,2012,30(6):709-720.
[10]Fu Weijun,Tunney Hubert,Zhang Chaosheng.Spatial variation of soil nutrients in a dairy farm and itsimplications for site-specific fertilizer application[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2010,106:185-193.
[11]Sheng Jiandong,Ma Liehun,Li Baoguo,et al.Digital soil mapping to enable classification of the salt-affected Soil in desert agroecological zones[J].Agrieultural Water Management,2009,(online).
[12]高玉蓉,许红卫,周斌.稻田土壤养分的空间变异性研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(6):822-825.
[13]李宝富,熊黑钢,张建兵,等.不同耕种时间下土壤剖面盐分动态变化规律及其影响因素研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):429-438.
[14]刘树林.浑善达克沙区现代沙漠化过程及其成因机制研究[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2007:25-35.
[15]王勇辉.艾比湖流域土壤理化性质现状分析及成因研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2007:20-34.
[16]侯健.内蒙古乌珠穆沁盆地伏沙地的成因及其分布范围的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学:2010:35-40.
[17]谭灵芝,刘玲,张玉进.新疆于田绿洲荒漠交错带土地利用及覆盖遥感研究[J].国土资源科技管理,2004(1):17-21.
[18]吴敏,何鹏,韦家少.海南岛胶园土壤肥力的综合评价[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(2):1-5.
[19]刘虎,魏占民,黄明勇,等.稳定流条件下曹妃甸地区吹填土脱盐过程[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):62-68.
[20]鲁如坤,土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2004:35-107.
[2]王鑫,陇东部土壤沙化现状及防治对策[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(1):179-182.
[3]迪丽努尔·卡得尔.新疆鄯善绿洲土壤盐渍化特征及成因分析[J].新疆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,32(2):30-34.
[4]宋明义,蔡子华,黄春雷.浙北平原区富硒土壤基本特征与成因分析[A].福州:第十二届中国科协年会论文集[C],2010:55-66.
[5]宋明义,蔡子华,黄春雷.杭嘉湖平原区富硒土壤特征与成因分析[J].广东微量元素科学,2011,18(8):20-26.
[6]郭春海,李顺,许明丽.浅谈坝上疏缓丘陵区土壤风蚀的成因与防治措施[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(7):81-83.
[7]艾合买提·那由甫,徐海量,李吉玫.伊犁河流域林业生态建设基地淡灰钙土土壤特征研究[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(7):867-871.
[8]赖启宏,杜海燕,林杰藩等.藏珠江三角洲冲积平原土壤氟高含量区形成原因[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(3):370-375.
[9]林永崇,冯金良,张继峰,等.藏北高原安多地区高山草甸土的母质成因及其成土模式[J].山地学报,2012,30(6):709-720.
[10]Fu Weijun,Tunney Hubert,Zhang Chaosheng.Spatial variation of soil nutrients in a dairy farm and itsimplications for site-specific fertilizer application[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2010,106:185-193.
[11]Sheng Jiandong,Ma Liehun,Li Baoguo,et al.Digital soil mapping to enable classification of the salt-affected Soil in desert agroecological zones[J].Agrieultural Water Management,2009,(online).
[12]高玉蓉,许红卫,周斌.稻田土壤养分的空间变异性研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(6):822-825.
[13]李宝富,熊黑钢,张建兵,等.不同耕种时间下土壤剖面盐分动态变化规律及其影响因素研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):429-438.
[14]刘树林.浑善达克沙区现代沙漠化过程及其成因机制研究[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2007:25-35.
[15]王勇辉.艾比湖流域土壤理化性质现状分析及成因研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2007:20-34.
[16]侯健.内蒙古乌珠穆沁盆地伏沙地的成因及其分布范围的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学:2010:35-40.
[17]谭灵芝,刘玲,张玉进.新疆于田绿洲荒漠交错带土地利用及覆盖遥感研究[J].国土资源科技管理,2004(1):17-21.
[18]吴敏,何鹏,韦家少.海南岛胶园土壤肥力的综合评价[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(2):1-5.
[19]刘虎,魏占民,黄明勇,等.稳定流条件下曹妃甸地区吹填土脱盐过程[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):62-68.
[20]鲁如坤,土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2004:35-107.