炭基肥对植烟黄壤性状和烤烟养分积累、产量及品质的影响
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摘要
针对贵州植烟黄壤酸化、水肥流失、瘠薄以及烤烟养分吸收和产量偏低等问题。以我国主要烤烟品种云烟87和贵州黄壤为供试材料,通过大田试验,设置不施肥(NF)、常规肥(CF,条施酒糟有机肥和烤烟专用基肥,穴施烤烟专用追肥)和炭基肥(BF,条施炭基酒糟有机肥和炭基复混肥,穴施烤烟专用追肥)3个处理,研究炭基肥对植烟黄壤的化学性质、微生物数量、酶活性和烤烟养分积累、产量、挥发性香气物质、化学成分的影响,以期为推动炭基肥在贵州植烟黄壤保育、烤烟养分和品质调控上的应用提供科学指导。结果表明:与常规肥(CF)比较,施用炭基肥(BF)可以显著提升土壤pH、有效磷和速效钾含量;显著增加土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌数量;提高土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性,其中过氧化氢酶活性增幅显著,达10.6%;提高肥料农学利用率;提高烤烟氮、磷、钾积累量和产量、烟叶挥发性香气物质总含量;显著增加烟叶类胡萝卜素含量。上述结果表明炭基肥可以保育植烟黄壤,提升烤烟养分积累和调控烟叶香气,可在贵州及我国西南类似烟区推广应用。
In order to solve the problems with tobacco-planting yellow soil(acidification, loss of water and nutrient, low productivity) and flue-cured tobacco( low nutrient uptake and yield) in Guizhou, a field fertilization experiment on flue-cured tobacco, Yun 87 in variety was conducted in 2016 in a tract of tobacco-planting yellow soil typical of Guizhou, to explore effect of different fertilization on chemical and biological properties of the soil, and nutrient accumulation, yield, volatile aroma components and chemical components of the flue-cured tobacco. The experiment was designed to have three fertilization treatments,(1) NF,(no fertilization)as CK,(2) CF(conventional fertilization, band placement of organic manure of vinasse + base fertilizer specialized for flue-cured tobacco + pit placement of side-dressing specialized for flue-cured tobacco), and(3) BF(band placement of biochar-based organic manure of vinasse + biocharbased compound fertilizer + pit placement of side-dressing specialized for flue-cured tobacco). Compared to CF, BF significantly increased soil pH, the contents of soil available phosphorus and available potassium,the amounts of soil bacteria, actinomyces and fungi, and also the activities of soil urease and catalase(CAT),among of which, CAT activity was increased significantly by 10.6%. In addition, BF improved the fertilizer agronomic efficiencies, the yield and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the fluecured tobacco, and the total contents of volatile aroma components and carotenoid in the flue-cured tobacco leaves. All the findings demonstrate that the application of biochar-based fertilizer can help build up quality of the tobacco-planting yellow soil, promote nutrient accumulation of the flue-cured tobacco, regulate aroma components in the flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, the biochar–based fertilizer can be extrapolated in similar flue-cured tobacco planting areas in Guizhou and Southwest China.
In order to solve the problems with tobacco-planting yellow soil(acidification, loss of water and nutrient, low productivity) and flue-cured tobacco( low nutrient uptake and yield) in Guizhou, a field fertilization experiment on flue-cured tobacco, Yun 87 in variety was conducted in 2016 in a tract of tobacco-planting yellow soil typical of Guizhou, to explore effect of different fertilization on chemical and biological properties of the soil, and nutrient accumulation, yield, volatile aroma components and chemical components of the flue-cured tobacco. The experiment was designed to have three fertilization treatments,(1) NF,(no fertilization)as CK,(2) CF(conventional fertilization, band placement of organic manure of vinasse + base fertilizer specialized for flue-cured tobacco + pit placement of side-dressing specialized for flue-cured tobacco), and(3) BF(band placement of biochar-based organic manure of vinasse + biocharbased compound fertilizer + pit placement of side-dressing specialized for flue-cured tobacco). Compared to CF, BF significantly increased soil pH, the contents of soil available phosphorus and available potassium,the amounts of soil bacteria, actinomyces and fungi, and also the activities of soil urease and catalase(CAT),among of which, CAT activity was increased significantly by 10.6%. In addition, BF improved the fertilizer agronomic efficiencies, the yield and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the fluecured tobacco, and the total contents of volatile aroma components and carotenoid in the flue-cured tobacco leaves. All the findings demonstrate that the application of biochar-based fertilizer can help build up quality of the tobacco-planting yellow soil, promote nutrient accumulation of the flue-cured tobacco, regulate aroma components in the flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, the biochar–based fertilizer can be extrapolated in similar flue-cured tobacco planting areas in Guizhou and Southwest China.
引文
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[2]Ahmed A, Kurian J, Raghavan V. Biochar influences on agricultural soils, crop production and the environment:A review. Enviromental Reviews,2016, 24(4):495-502
[3]雷海迪,尹云锋,刘岩,等.杉木凋落物及其生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构的影响.土壤学报,2016, 53(3):790-799Lei H D, Yin Y F, Liu Y, et al. Effects of fir(Cunninghamia lanceoata)litter and its biochar on soil microbial community structure(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2016, 53(3):790-799
[4]陈懿,陈伟,林叶春,等.生物炭对植烟土壤微生态和烤烟生理的影响.应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3781-3787Chen Y, Chen W, Lin Y C, et al. Effects of biochar on the micro-ecology of tobacco-planting soil and physiology of flue-cured tobacco(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(12):3781-3787
[5]Zhang C S, Lin Y,Tian X Y,et al. Tobaccobacterial wilt suppression with biochar soil addition associates to improved soil physiochemical properties and increased rhizosphere bacteria abundance.Applied Soil Ecology, 2016, 112:90-96
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[7]陈懿,陈伟,高维常,等.烟秆生物炭对烤烟根系生长的影响及其作用机理.烟草科技,2017, 50(6):26-32Chen Y, Chen W, Gao W C, et al. Effects of tobacco stalk biochar on root growth of flue-cured tobacco and its action mechanism(In Chinese). Tobacco Science&Technology, 2017, 50(6):26-32
[8]邹健,彭云,王娜,等.生物炭用量对烤烟生长及产量、质量的影响.云南农业大学学报,2017,32(4):652-658Zou J,Peng Y, Wang N,et al. Effect of biochar application amount on growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco plants(In Chinese). Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 2017,32(4):652-658
[9]高海英,陈心想,张雯,等.生物炭和生物炭基氮肥的理化特征及其作物肥效评价.西北农林科技大学学报,2013,41(4):69-78,85Gao H Y,Chen X X,Zhang W, et al.Physicochemical properties and efficiencies of biochar and biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizer(In Chinese). Journal of Northwest A&F University,2013, 41(4):69-78, 85
[10]赵军,耿增超,尚杰,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵对土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响.生态学报,2016, 36(8):2355-2362Zhao J,Geng Z C,Shang J, et al. Effects of biochar and biochar-based ammonium nitrate fertilizers on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities(In Chinese). Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016, 36(8):2355-2362
[11]李大伟,周加顺,潘根兴,等.生物质炭基肥施用对蔬菜产量和品质以及氮素农学利用率的影响.南京农业大学学报,2016,39(3):433-440Li D W, Zhou J S, Pan G X, et al. Effect of biocharbased compound fertilizer on the yield, fruit quality and N use efficiency of vegetables(In Chinese).Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2016, 39(3):433-440
[12]张子颖,许家来,李现道,等.绿色木霉配施高碳基肥料对烤烟生长及经济效益的影响.中国烟草学报,2016, 22(5):79-86Zhang Z Y, Xu J L, Li X D, et al. Effects of applying Trichoderma viride along with high-carbonbased fertilizer on growth and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco(In Chinese). Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2016, 22(5):79-86
[13]张珂,刘国顺,王国峰,等.高碳基肥对舞阳烟区土壤特性和烟叶品质形成的影响.江西农业学报,2016, 28(12):52-56Zhang K, Liu G S, Wang G F,et al. Effects of highcarbon biochar-based fertilizer on soil properties and tobacco quality formation in Wuyang tobacco-growing area(In Chinese). Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2016, 28(12):52-56
[14]李阳,李心清,王兵,等.四种改良剂对酸性黄壤土壤酸度和肥力的影响.地球与环境,2016, 44(6):683-690Li Y, Li X Q, Wang B, et al. Effects of four soil amendments on improving soil quality and acidity of yellow soils(In Chinese). Earth and Environment,2016, 44(6):683-690
[15]邓阳春,黄建国.长期连作对烤烟产量和土壤养分的影响,植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):840-845Deng Y C,Huang J G. Effect of long continuous cropping on the yields of flue-cured tobacco and nutrients in soils(In Chinese). Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2010, 16(4):840-845
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000Lu R K. Analytical methods for soil and agro-chemistry(In Chinese). Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000
[17]Xiang Z M, Cai K, Liang G L, et al. Analysis of volatile flavour components in flue-cured tobacco by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with GC×GC-TOFMS. Analytical Methods, 2014,6:3300-3308
[18]耿召良,张婕,葛永辉,等.烤烟主流烟气内源有害成分与烟叶化学成分相关性.应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1447-1453Geng Z L,Zhang J, Ge Y H,et al. Correlation between endogenous harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke and chemical constituents in tobacco leaves(In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(5):1447-1453
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