不同坡度下玉米生长期紫色土坡面径流及其可溶性有机碳流失特征
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摘要
为探明紫色土横垄坡面径流与可溶性有机碳流失对不同坡度的响应特征,通过径流小区和野外人工模拟降雨相结合的方法,探讨了不同坡度条件下玉米各生育期地表径流、壤中流及其可溶性有机碳(DOC)流失特征。结果表明:玉米各生育期同一降雨时间段地表径流量均表现为20°>15°>10°,壤中流径流量却表现为10°>15°>20°。不同坡度下,玉米生育期地表径流量大小总体表现为苗期>成熟期>拔节期>抽雄期,壤中流量整体表现为抽雄期>拔节期>苗期>成熟期。玉米各生育期地表径流DOC质量浓度均表现为20°>15°>10°,不同坡度下玉米生育期地表径流DOC质量浓度表现为苗期>拔节期>成熟期>抽雄期。苗期、拔节期和成熟期壤中流DOC质量浓度大小表现为10°>15°>20°,不同坡度下玉米生育期壤中流DOC质量浓度的总体表现为苗期最大,抽雄期最小。玉米各生育期地表径流DOC迁移通量大小均表现为20°>15°>10°,不同坡度地表径流DOC迁移通量均表现为苗期>成熟期>拔节期>抽雄期;玉米各生育期壤中流DOC迁移通量大小均表现为10°>15°>20°,不同坡度下壤中流DOC迁移通量与地表径流一致。研究结果可为不同坡度条件下玉米生长期坡面径流损失和有机碳流失调控提供理论依据。
In order to investigate the response characteristics of the runoff and organic carbon loss to slope gradients in slope purple soil farmland with contour ridges,the surface runoff,interflow and dissolved organic carbon loss were studied during maize growth stages.Runoff plots and field artificial rainfall simulation methods were adopted.The results showed that the surface runoff displayed an order of 20°> 15°>10°during the whole maize growth stage,while the interflow for 10°> 15°> 20°.For the different slope gradients,the surface runoff displayed an order of seedling stage> mature stage>jointing stage>tasseling stage,however,the interflow followed:tasseling stage > jointing stage > mature stage > seedling stage.The dissolved organic carbon(DOC)mass concentrations of surface runoff showed 20°> 15°> 10°during the whole maize growth stage,and seedling stage>jointing stage> mature stage>tasseling stage for the different slope gradients.The DOC mass concentrations of interflow showed an order of 10°>15°>20°at seedling stage,jointing stage and mature stage.The DOC mass concentration of interflow at seedling stage was maximum and tasseling stage was minimum for the different slope gradients.The DOC migration flux of surface runoff displayed an order of 20°>15°>10°during the whole maize growth stage,and seedling stage> mature stage>jointing stage>tasseling stage for the different slope gradients.The DOC migration flux of interflow displayed an order of 10°>15°>20°during the whole maize growth stage,while DOC migration flux of interflow for the different slope gradients showed the consistency with surface runoff.These results could provide theoretical basis for runoff and organic carbon loss regulation under different slope gradients during maize growth season.
In order to investigate the response characteristics of the runoff and organic carbon loss to slope gradients in slope purple soil farmland with contour ridges,the surface runoff,interflow and dissolved organic carbon loss were studied during maize growth stages.Runoff plots and field artificial rainfall simulation methods were adopted.The results showed that the surface runoff displayed an order of 20°> 15°>10°during the whole maize growth stage,while the interflow for 10°> 15°> 20°.For the different slope gradients,the surface runoff displayed an order of seedling stage> mature stage>jointing stage>tasseling stage,however,the interflow followed:tasseling stage > jointing stage > mature stage > seedling stage.The dissolved organic carbon(DOC)mass concentrations of surface runoff showed 20°> 15°> 10°during the whole maize growth stage,and seedling stage>jointing stage> mature stage>tasseling stage for the different slope gradients.The DOC mass concentrations of interflow showed an order of 10°>15°>20°at seedling stage,jointing stage and mature stage.The DOC mass concentration of interflow at seedling stage was maximum and tasseling stage was minimum for the different slope gradients.The DOC migration flux of surface runoff displayed an order of 20°>15°>10°during the whole maize growth stage,and seedling stage> mature stage>jointing stage>tasseling stage for the different slope gradients.The DOC migration flux of interflow displayed an order of 10°>15°>20°during the whole maize growth stage,while DOC migration flux of interflow for the different slope gradients showed the consistency with surface runoff.These results could provide theoretical basis for runoff and organic carbon loss regulation under different slope gradients during maize growth season.
引文
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[19]汪涛,朱波,罗专溪,等.紫色土坡耕地硝酸盐流失过程与特征研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(5):954-963.
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[22]喻艳红,张桃林,李清曼,等.温度和水土比对红壤吸附低分子量有机酸的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(1):42-50.
[23]Wang G Q,Wu B B,Zhang L,et al.Role of soil erodibility in affecting available nitrogen and phosphorus losses under simulated rainfall[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,51(4):172-180.
[2] Lal R.Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security[J].Science,2004,304(5677):1623-1627.
[3]李忠武,陆银梅,聂小东,等.基于坡面径流输沙模型的湘中红壤丘陵区土壤有机碳流失模拟研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(12):115-124.
[4] Fr9berg M,Dan B,Bo B,et al.Concentration and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in three norway spruce stands along a climatic gradient in Sweden[J].Biogeochemistry,2006,77(1):1-23.
[5]郭太龙,谢金波,孔朝晖,等.华南典型侵蚀区土壤有机碳流失机制模拟研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(8):1266-1273.
[6]黄倩,吴靖霆,陈杰.土壤吸附可溶性有机碳研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(3):446-452.
[7] Shi Z,Yue B,Wang L,et al.Effects of mulch cover rate on interrill erosion proces ses and the size selectivity of eroded sediment on steep slopes[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2013,77(1):257-267.
[8] Ma W,Li Z,Ding K,et al.Effect of soil erosion on dissolved organic carbon redistribution in subtropical red soil under rainfall simulation[J].Geomorphology,2014,226:217-225.
[9]王文欣,庄义琳,庄家尧,等.不同降雨强度下坡地覆盖对土壤有机碳流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):62-66.
[10]聂小东,李忠武,王晓燕,等.雨强对红壤坡耕地泥沙流失及有机碳富集的影响规律研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(5):900-908.
[11]贾松伟.黄土丘陵区不同坡度下土壤有机碳流失规律研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(2):30-33.
[12] Lin C,Tu S,Huang J,et al.The effect of plant hedgerows on the spatial distribution of soil erosion and soil fertility on sloping farmland in the purple-soil area of China[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2009,105(2):307-312.
[13]罗付香,刘海涛,林超文,等.不同形态氮肥在坡耕地雨季土壤氮素流失动态特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(3):12-20.
[14]马波,吴发启,陈宇,等.玉米不同生育期茎秆流特征及其模型构建[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):118-123.
[15]花可可,朱波,王小国.紫色土坡耕地可溶性有机碳径流迁移特征[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(5):81-88.
[16]王全九,穆天亮,王辉.坡度对黄土坡面径流溶质迁移特征的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(4):176-179.
[17]何晓玲,郑子成,李廷轩.不同耕作方式对紫色土侵蚀及磷素流失的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(12):2492-2500.
[18]郑子成,李廷轩,张锡洲,等.玉米植株冠层截留分异特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):208-211.
[19]汪涛,朱波,罗专溪,等.紫色土坡耕地硝酸盐流失过程与特征研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(5):954-963.
[20] Kalbitz K,Solinger S,Park J H.Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils:A review[J].Soil Science,2000,165(4):271-277.
[21] Kaiser K,Kaupenjohann M,Zech W.Sorption of dissolved organic carbon in soils:Effects of soil sample storage,soil-to-solution ratio and temperature[J].Geoderma,2001,99(3/4):311-317.
[22]喻艳红,张桃林,李清曼,等.温度和水土比对红壤吸附低分子量有机酸的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(1):42-50.
[23]Wang G Q,Wu B B,Zhang L,et al.Role of soil erodibility in affecting available nitrogen and phosphorus losses under simulated rainfall[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,51(4):172-180.