上海市心理卫生服务人员服务方式研究
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摘要
目的了解上海市心理卫生人员的服务方式,包括工作方式、工作形式及治疗/咨询技术,为促进上海市心理卫生人员服务水平的提高提供参考。方法采用整体抽样方式,在上海市心理卫生服务行业协会的120家成员单位中抽取91家机构,选取各机构中的心理卫生服务人员进行问卷调查,研究选取问卷中心理专业工作中部分相关条目进行研究。结果在工作方式上,上海市心理卫生服务人员排名前三位的分别为心理咨询/治疗(面询)(71.4%)、电话咨询/网络咨询(远程有偿咨询)(37.3%)、心理热线或科普(37.1%)。不同机构的服务人员在面询(χ~2=45.442,P<0.001)、电话咨询/网络咨询(χ~2=75.576,P<0.001)、热线或科普(χ~2=29.774,P<0.001)、心理测量(χ~2=17.435,P=0.001)、培训督导(χ~2=12.376,P=0.006)、企业心理援助计划项目(χ~2=69.123,P<0.001)以及公司运营管理(χ~2=44.353,P<0.001)的选择上差异具有统计学意义;在工作形式上,上海市心理卫生服务人员最常用的工作形式为个人(81.9%),不同机构的服务人员在工作形式的选择上差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在治疗/咨询技术上,上海市心理卫生服务人员最常用的治疗/咨询技术为认知行为治疗(74.4%),其次是整合性治疗(61.8%)与人本主义治疗(61.8%),精神分析及动力性治疗则位列第三(60.3%)。各机构服务人员在团体治疗以及东方人心理治疗上差异不显著,而在其余治疗/咨询技术上差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论上海市心理卫生服务人员在工作中采用了多样的工作方式、工作形式及治疗/咨询技术,其中仍以面询、个体治疗、认知行为治疗等比较"经典"的服务方式为主。
Objective To survey the service mode of mental health personnel in Shanghai,including the working style,working form and counseling skills and give suggestions to improve the service level of Shanghai health personnel.Methods A survey of wholly type sampling was conducted.Totally 91 from 120 institutions of Shanghai Psychological Counseling Association(SPCA)were selected.We sent mental health personnel from these institutions a self-designed questionnaire.Totally 824 counselors and psychologists completed the questionnaire.Results Face-to-face consultation(71.4%),telephone/internet consultation(37.3%),and the psychic hotline/psychology popular science education(37.1%)were top 3 working styles used by mental health personnel.There were significant difference in face-to-face consultation(χ~2=45.442,P<0.001),telephone/internet consultation(χ~2=75.576,P<0.001),psychic hotline/psychology(χ~2=29.774,P<0.001),psychological measurement(χ~2=17.435,P=0.001),training supervises(χ~2=12.376,P=0.006),employee assistance program(χ~2=69.123,P<0.001)and companies' operational management(χ~2=44.353,P<0.001)of working styles among different institutes(specialized medical institutions,non-specialized medical institutions,non-medical enterprises and institutions and social institutes).Individual counseling(81.9%)was the top 1 working form used by mental health personnel.There were significant difference(P<0.05)in working forms among different institutes.Cognitive behavioral therapy(74.4%),integrative psychotherapy(61.8%),humanistic psychotherapy(61.8%),and psycho-dynamic therapy(60.3%)were top 3 counseling skills used by mental health personnel.Except for group therapy(P=0.684)and oriental psychotherapy(P=0.330),there were significant difference(P<0.05)in counseling skills among different institutes.Conclusion It suggests that multiple working styles,working forms and counseling skills are used by mental health personnel in Shanghai,and the classical service modes such as face-to-face consultation,individual counseling,and cognitive behavioral therapy are used more in mental health personnel in Shanghai.
Objective To survey the service mode of mental health personnel in Shanghai,including the working style,working form and counseling skills and give suggestions to improve the service level of Shanghai health personnel.Methods A survey of wholly type sampling was conducted.Totally 91 from 120 institutions of Shanghai Psychological Counseling Association(SPCA)were selected.We sent mental health personnel from these institutions a self-designed questionnaire.Totally 824 counselors and psychologists completed the questionnaire.Results Face-to-face consultation(71.4%),telephone/internet consultation(37.3%),and the psychic hotline/psychology popular science education(37.1%)were top 3 working styles used by mental health personnel.There were significant difference in face-to-face consultation(χ~2=45.442,P<0.001),telephone/internet consultation(χ~2=75.576,P<0.001),psychic hotline/psychology(χ~2=29.774,P<0.001),psychological measurement(χ~2=17.435,P=0.001),training supervises(χ~2=12.376,P=0.006),employee assistance program(χ~2=69.123,P<0.001)and companies' operational management(χ~2=44.353,P<0.001)of working styles among different institutes(specialized medical institutions,non-specialized medical institutions,non-medical enterprises and institutions and social institutes).Individual counseling(81.9%)was the top 1 working form used by mental health personnel.There were significant difference(P<0.05)in working forms among different institutes.Cognitive behavioral therapy(74.4%),integrative psychotherapy(61.8%),humanistic psychotherapy(61.8%),and psycho-dynamic therapy(60.3%)were top 3 counseling skills used by mental health personnel.Except for group therapy(P=0.684)and oriental psychotherapy(P=0.330),there were significant difference(P<0.05)in counseling skills among different institutes.Conclusion It suggests that multiple working styles,working forms and counseling skills are used by mental health personnel in Shanghai,and the classical service modes such as face-to-face consultation,individual counseling,and cognitive behavioral therapy are used more in mental health personnel in Shanghai.
引文
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[2] 赵静波,季建林.美国心理治疗和咨询的伦理学规范及其管理[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(4):236-237.
[3] 郭念锋.国家职业资格培训教程.心理咨询师[M].北京:民族出版社,2012,276.
[4] Liu XM,Cao YP,Shi QJ,et a1.National survey of therapeutic orienmtion and associated factors of counselors and psychotherapists in China[J].Exp Ther Med,2013,5(4):1075-1082.
[5] 马学尧.三种心理服务模式下心理从业人员现状研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012.
[6] Cuijpers P,Straten AV,Warmerdam L.Are individual and group treatments equally effective in the treatment of depression in adults:a meta-analysis[J].Eur J Psychiatry,2008,22(1):38-51.
[7] Huston K.Cognitive behavioral therapy treatment approach:group therapy vs individual therapy clinically appraised topic(CAT)[R].California:Pacific University,2008:1-7.
[8] 刘晓敏,曹玉萍,施琪嘉,等.不同从业系统心理咨询师和心理治疗师的理论取向[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2013,27(8):578-582.
[9] 付艳芬,黄希庭,尹可丽,等.从心理学文献看我国心理咨询与治疗理论的现状[J].心理科学,2010,33(2):439-442.
[10] 茆正洪,赵旭东.“中国心理卫生杂志”心理咨询与治疗类文献(2000-2009年)的综合分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2011,25(4):254-258.
[11] 李波,贾晓明,安芹.国内心理咨询和治疗培训的调查研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2006,14(5):514-516.
[12] Corey G.咨商与心理治疗的理论与实[M].李茂兴,译.台北:扬智文化事业股份有限公司,1998.
[13] 刘晓敏,曹玉萍,施琪嘉,等.不同从业系统心理咨询师和心理治疗师的理论取向[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2013,27(8),578-582.