中国中西部五省市贫困地区中小学生两周患病率现况
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摘要
目的了解中西部贫困地区儿童青少年的两周患病状况,为明确医疗卫生服务重点及更好地深化新医改体系提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法选取我国甘肃、贵州、江西、宁夏、云南国家级贫困县中小学生15 542名,通过两周患病率调查表收集两周患病情况,采用χ~2检验比较各组两周患病率的差异。结果中西部贫困地区中小学生两周患病率为16.2%;前3位的系统疾病依次为呼吸系统(58.4%)、消化系统(13.5%)、免疫系统(1.8%)。男、女生的两周患病率(15.6%,16.7%)均低于2008年全国调查的结果,性别间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.17,P=0.05);各年龄组患病率总体趋势为波浪式下降,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=33.26,P<0.01),9～10岁年龄组最高(20.1%);不同民族患病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=78.33,P<0.05),其中傈僳族患病率最高(24.6%);不同省份的患病主要病种(症状)不同。结论中国中西部贫困地区中小学生卫生服务需求较高,应时刻关注并提供合理、充足的卫生服务。
Objective To understand the two-week case rate of children and teenagers in the poor areas of middle and western China, and to provide a scientific basis for clarifying the focus of medical and health services in the future and deepening the new medical reform system. Methods The method of random cluster sampling was used to select the research object, the condition of catching diseases among primary and middle students was investigated through a questionnaire on two-week case rate. and chi-square test was adopted to compare the difference between the groups of two-week health situation. Results The two-week prevalence rate of primary and middle school students in poor areas in central and western China was 16.2%. The top three systemic diseases were respiratory system(accounting for 58.4%), digestive system(accounting for 13.5%) and immune system(accounting for 1.8%). The prevalence of different demographic characteristics was also found with difference: the two-week prevalence rates(15.6% and 16.7%) for both men and women were lower than the results of the 2008 national survey, but the difference was not statistically significant(χ~2=3.17, P=0.05); the case rates in different age groups decreased with a undulating curve, the 9-10 age group was the highest(20.1%), the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=33.26, P<0.01); the differences of case rates in different ethnic groups were of statistical significance(χ~2=78.33, P<0.05), the prevalence of LiSu ethnic group was the highest(24.6%); The main diseases(symptoms) were different in different provinces. Conclusion The demand for health care among primary and middle school students in poor areas of middle and western China is significantly higher than the results of a national survey of 5-24-year-old residents. Thus, the close attention should be paid to providing a reasonable and sufficient health service.
Objective To understand the two-week case rate of children and teenagers in the poor areas of middle and western China, and to provide a scientific basis for clarifying the focus of medical and health services in the future and deepening the new medical reform system. Methods The method of random cluster sampling was used to select the research object, the condition of catching diseases among primary and middle students was investigated through a questionnaire on two-week case rate. and chi-square test was adopted to compare the difference between the groups of two-week health situation. Results The two-week prevalence rate of primary and middle school students in poor areas in central and western China was 16.2%. The top three systemic diseases were respiratory system(accounting for 58.4%), digestive system(accounting for 13.5%) and immune system(accounting for 1.8%). The prevalence of different demographic characteristics was also found with difference: the two-week prevalence rates(15.6% and 16.7%) for both men and women were lower than the results of the 2008 national survey, but the difference was not statistically significant(χ~2=3.17, P=0.05); the case rates in different age groups decreased with a undulating curve, the 9-10 age group was the highest(20.1%), the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=33.26, P<0.01); the differences of case rates in different ethnic groups were of statistical significance(χ~2=78.33, P<0.05), the prevalence of LiSu ethnic group was the highest(24.6%); The main diseases(symptoms) were different in different provinces. Conclusion The demand for health care among primary and middle school students in poor areas of middle and western China is significantly higher than the results of a national survey of 5-24-year-old residents. Thus, the close attention should be paid to providing a reasonable and sufficient health service.
引文
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[14] 高英,张增智,张文静,等.中学生两周患病情况及影响因素研究[J].中国卫生事业管理,2009,26(10):709-710.
[15] 张翼.中国青年人口的基本特征及其面临的主要问题:基于“第六次人口普查”数据的分析[J].江苏社会科学,2012(5):47-55.
[16] VINER R M,BARKER M.Young people’s health:the need for action[J].BMJ,2005,330(7496):901-903.
[2] 马爱平.北京市儿童青少年生长发育水平规律的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2012.
[3] 付连国,孙丽丽,王政和,等.中西部地区中小学生两周患病现状调查与分析[J].中南大学学报(医学版),2016,41(10):1090-1095.
[4] 徐玲,孟群.第五次国家卫生服务调查结果之二:卫生服务需要、需求和利用[J].中国卫生信息管理杂志,2014,11(3):193-194.
[5] 新华社.国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要(全文)[EB/OL].[2016-03-18].www.12371.cn/special/sswgh/wen/.
[6] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会.中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴[M].北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2013.
[7] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会.国家卫生计生委关于开展第五次国家卫生服务调查的通知[Z].2013-07-13.
[8] 世界卫生组织.儿童和青少年健康与发育战略[R].第五十六届世界卫生大会,日内瓦,2003.
[9] 云南教育出版社.中国儿童发展纲要(2011～2020年)[J].云南教育(视界时政版),2011(8):13-20.
[10] 龚幼龙,冯学山.卫生服务研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2002:180-189.
[11] 刘国琴,黄学贵,易兰,等.贵州省722例少数民族两周患病率及影响因素分析[J].遵义医学院学报,2008,31(5):518-520.
[12] 宁夏五县农村居民两周患病率及影响因素分析[J].中国卫生统计,2016,33(5):800-802.
[13] 朱雪峰,李敏,魏晶晶,等.新疆农村居民两周患病情况及影响因素分析[J].新疆医科大学学报,2016,39(8):1037-1040.
[14] 高英,张增智,张文静,等.中学生两周患病情况及影响因素研究[J].中国卫生事业管理,2009,26(10):709-710.
[15] 张翼.中国青年人口的基本特征及其面临的主要问题:基于“第六次人口普查”数据的分析[J].江苏社会科学,2012(5):47-55.
[16] VINER R M,BARKER M.Young people’s health:the need for action[J].BMJ,2005,330(7496):901-903.