河西走廊地区棉蚜发生动态及植物源农药药效分析
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摘要
【目的】研究棉蚜田间种群动态消长规律,筛选得到高效、低毒的植物源农药,为棉蚜的绿色防控和减少化学农药使用量提供参考依据。【方法】2017、2018年在甘肃省敦煌地区棉田采用田间人工调查方法调查虫情,选用以植物源农药0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂、0.5%苦参碱水剂、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油等为主的10种不同类型的杀虫剂开展田间防治棉蚜药剂筛选试验。【结果】2017、2018年棉蚜种群的发生动态趋势基本一致,每年从5月上中旬棉蚜即迁入棉田持续为害至棉花收获前,有两个相同的高峰期,分别为6月上中旬和7月中下旬,但不同年份间发生程度存在差异,2017和2018年最高峰值三叶虫量分别为平均8 713.3和1 880.0头/百株,化学农药10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂持效性最好,药后14 d防效达90.22%,两种植物源农药0.3%印楝素乳油和0.5%苦参碱水剂防治效果较好,药后14 d的防效分别为84.41%和85.06%。【结论】河西走廊敦煌棉区棉蚜田间年发生动态有两个高峰期,棉蚜药剂防治的最佳时期为7月上旬;植物源农药0.3%印楝素乳油和0.5%苦参碱水剂可用于棉蚜的绿色防控药剂,也可减少化学农药的使用。
【Objective】 The study aims to investigate the population dynamics of Aphis gossypii Glover in Hexi Corridor, and to select high-efficiency and low-toxic botanical pesticides to provide a theoretical basis for green control and reduction of use of chemical pesticides.【Method】In 2018 and 2017, a manual survey method was used for insect investigation in a cotton field in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. Ten different types of pesticides mainly based on botanical pesticides, such as 0.5% veratrine SP, 0.5% matrine AS, 10% imidacloprid WP, and 1.8% avermectin EC, were used to conduct field screening tests for the cotton aphid.【Result】In 2017 and 2018, the occurrence dynamic trend of the cotton aphid population was consistent. Each year from early-May to mid-May, the Aphis gossypii migrated into cotton fields and continued to cause harm until the cotton harvest. There were two identical occurrence peaks, namely middle of June and mid-to-end of July, but there were differences in the degree of occurrence between the different years. The highest peaks in 2017 and 2018 were 8,713.3 aphids/100 plants and 1,880.0 aphids/100 plants, respectively. Fourteen days after treatment, the chemical pesticides 10% imidacloprid WP had the best effect, and the control effect was up to 90.22%. The control effects of 0.3% azadirachtin EC and 0.5% matrine AS were better in botanical pesticides. The control effects were 84.41% and 85.06% respectively after 14 days.【Conclusion】There are two peaks in the annual occurrence of the cotton aphid in the Dunhuang cotton area of Hexi Corridor. The best period for the control of Aphis gossypii is early July. The botanical pesticides 0.3% azadirachtin EC and 0.5% matrine AS can be used as green prevention and control agents for the cotton aphid and can also reduce the frequency of use of chemical pesticides.
【Objective】 The study aims to investigate the population dynamics of Aphis gossypii Glover in Hexi Corridor, and to select high-efficiency and low-toxic botanical pesticides to provide a theoretical basis for green control and reduction of use of chemical pesticides.【Method】In 2018 and 2017, a manual survey method was used for insect investigation in a cotton field in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. Ten different types of pesticides mainly based on botanical pesticides, such as 0.5% veratrine SP, 0.5% matrine AS, 10% imidacloprid WP, and 1.8% avermectin EC, were used to conduct field screening tests for the cotton aphid.【Result】In 2017 and 2018, the occurrence dynamic trend of the cotton aphid population was consistent. Each year from early-May to mid-May, the Aphis gossypii migrated into cotton fields and continued to cause harm until the cotton harvest. There were two identical occurrence peaks, namely middle of June and mid-to-end of July, but there were differences in the degree of occurrence between the different years. The highest peaks in 2017 and 2018 were 8,713.3 aphids/100 plants and 1,880.0 aphids/100 plants, respectively. Fourteen days after treatment, the chemical pesticides 10% imidacloprid WP had the best effect, and the control effect was up to 90.22%. The control effects of 0.3% azadirachtin EC and 0.5% matrine AS were better in botanical pesticides. The control effects were 84.41% and 85.06% respectively after 14 days.【Conclusion】There are two peaks in the annual occurrence of the cotton aphid in the Dunhuang cotton area of Hexi Corridor. The best period for the control of Aphis gossypii is early July. The botanical pesticides 0.3% azadirachtin EC and 0.5% matrine AS can be used as green prevention and control agents for the cotton aphid and can also reduce the frequency of use of chemical pesticides.
引文
[1]王丁宏,党婕,祁宁,等.河西走廊农业优势特色产业选择[J].生产力研究,2017,(1):51-55.WANG Ding-hong,DANG Jie,QI Ning,et al.(2017).Agricultural advantage characteristic industry choice of Hexi corridor [J].Productivity Research,(1):51-55.(in Chinese)
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[5] 李英贤.兵团第四师64团三种主要农作物虫害发生动态及其防治药剂筛选[D].石河子大学,2017.LI Ying - xian.(2017).Occurrence Dynamics Investigate to Main Pest of 3 Crop in Division No 4,Regiment 64,XCPG and Screen Control Pesticide [D].Shihezi University.(in Chinese)
[6] 丁茜,曾爱平,王岩萍.吐鲁番市棉田主要害虫发生动态及防治药剂筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(4):134-137.DING Qian,ZENG Ai-ping,WANG Yan-ping,et al.(2018).Occurring Dynamics of Main Insect Pests in Cotton Field and Efficiency of Different Insecticides on Main Pests in Turpan [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,46(4):134-137.(in Chinese)
[7] 张新瑞,陈明,胡冠芳,等.敦煌市棉田蚜虫及天敌种群消长动态研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2002,(5):42-44.ZHANG Xin-rui,CHEN Ming,HU Guan-fang,et al.(2002).Dynamics of population growth of aphids and natural enemies in cotton fields in Dunhuang [J].Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,(5):42-44.(in Chinese)
[8] 周运刚,郑新疆,马天文,等.不同杀虫剂对棉蚜的防控效果试验[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(22):72-73.ZHOU Yun - gang,ZHENG Xin - jiang,MA Tian - wen,et al.(2016).Experiment on the effect of different insecticides on Aphis gossypii [J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,22(22):72-73.(in Chinese)
[9] 崔丽,张靖,齐浩亮,等.我国棉花主产区棉蚜对吡虫啉的抗性监测及抗性机理[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(11):1 246-1 253.CUI Li,ZHANG Jing,QI Hao - liang,et al.(2016).Monitoring and mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera:Aphidiidae) in the main cotton production areas of China [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica ,59(11):1,246-1,253.(in Chinese)
[10] 张帅,马艳,闵红,等.华北棉区主要害虫抗药性监测与治理技术示范[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(11):1 238-1 245.ZHANG Shuai,MA Yan,MIN Hong,et al.(2016).Insecticide resistance monitoring and management demonstration of major insect pests in the main cotton-growing areas of northern China [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,59(11):1,238-1,245.
[11] 潘洪生,姜玉英,王佩玲,等.新疆棉花害虫发生演替与综合防治研究进展[J].植物保护,2018,44(5):42-50.PAN Hong-sheng,JIANG Yu-ying,WANG Pei-ling,et al.(2018).Research progress in the status evolution and integrated control of cotton pests in Xinjiang [J].Plant Protection,44(5):42-50.(in Chinese)
[12] 雒珺瑜,张帅,任相亮,等.近十年我国棉花虫害研究进展[J].棉花学报,2017,29(S1):100-112.LUO Jun-yu,ZHANG Shuai,REN Xiang-liang,et al.(2017).Research Progress of Cotton Insect Pests in China in Recent Ten Years [J].Cotton Science,29(S1):100-112.(in Chinese)
[13] 周川浩,武刚,冯宏祖,等.5种喷雾助剂对吡虫啉和啶虫脒防治棉蚜的影响[J].农药,2018,57(8):620-623.ZHOU Chuan-hao,WU Gang,FENG Hong-zu,et al.(2018).Effects of Five Kinds of Synergistic Additives on Field Control Of Imidacridine and Chlordimidine on Aphis gossypii[J].Agrochemicals,57(8):620-623.(in Chinese)
[14] 江海澜,邓小霞,阿瓦古丽·托合提,等.新疆库尔勒2014-2016年棉花主要害虫发生概况及原因分析[J].中国棉花,2017,44(9):40,45.JIANG Hai - lan,DENG Xiao - xia,Awaguli - Tuoheti,et al.(2017).Analysis on the occurrence and causes of major pests in cotton in Korla,Xinjiang from 2014 to 2016[J].China Cotton,44(9):40,45.(in Chinese)
[15] 徐遥,吴孔明,李号宾,等.转基因抗虫棉对新疆棉田主要害虫及天敌群落的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2004,(5):345-347.XU Yao,WU Kong - ming,LI Hao - bin,et al.(2004).Effects of transgenic cotton on the main pests and natural enemies in cotton fields in Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(5):345-347.(in Chinese)
[16] 于江南,任志成,努尔比亚·托木尔,等.几种生物农药对棉蚜的防治效果及毒力研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(4):44-46.YU Jiang-nan,REN Zhi-cheng,Nuerbiya Tuomuer,et al.(2008).Study on Toxicities and Control Effect of Different Bio-Insecticides on Aphis gossypii Glover [J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,31(4):44-46.(in Chinese)
[17] 刘政,孙艳,蒋欢,等.0.3%苦参碱水剂等新型药剂对北疆棉蚜防效的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(15):7 056-7 057.LIU Zheng,SUN Yan,JIANG Huan,et al.(2009).Study on Control Effect of 0.3% Abamectin EC etc New Pesticides on Cotton Aphid in North Xinjiang [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,37(15):7,056-7,057.(in Chinese)
[2] 宋福,庄生仁,赵贵宾,等.加强高产集成技术应用,推动甘肃棉花产业提质增效[J].中国棉花,2012,39(7):7-9.SONG Fu,ZHUANG Sheng-ren,ZHAO Gui-bin,et al.(2012).Strengthen the High Yield Integrated Technology Application ,Promote Quality and Benefits in Gansu Cotton Industry [J].China Cotton,39(7):7-9.(in Chinese)
[3] 姜伟丽,马小艳,任相亮,等.不同施药方式下6种药剂对棉蚜的防治效果研究[J].中国棉花,2018,45(6):12-14,30.JIANG Wei-li,MA Xiao-Yan,REN Xiang-liang,et al.(2018).Efficacy of Six Kinds of Insecticides to Control Cotton Aphid,Aphis gossypii (Glover) under Different Application Methods [J].China Cotton,45(6):12-14,30.(in Chinese)
[4] 庄生仁,詹有俊,任福成,等.河西走廊棉花主要病虫害分布、为害与防治对策[J].中国棉花,2009,36(11):4-7.ZHUANG Sheng-Ren,ZHAN You-jun,REN Fu-cheng,et al.(2009).Distribution,Harm and Control Countermeasures of Main Diseases and Pests of Cotton in Hexi Corridor [J].China Cotton,36(11):4-7.(in Chinese)
[5] 李英贤.兵团第四师64团三种主要农作物虫害发生动态及其防治药剂筛选[D].石河子大学,2017.LI Ying - xian.(2017).Occurrence Dynamics Investigate to Main Pest of 3 Crop in Division No 4,Regiment 64,XCPG and Screen Control Pesticide [D].Shihezi University.(in Chinese)
[6] 丁茜,曾爱平,王岩萍.吐鲁番市棉田主要害虫发生动态及防治药剂筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(4):134-137.DING Qian,ZENG Ai-ping,WANG Yan-ping,et al.(2018).Occurring Dynamics of Main Insect Pests in Cotton Field and Efficiency of Different Insecticides on Main Pests in Turpan [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,46(4):134-137.(in Chinese)
[7] 张新瑞,陈明,胡冠芳,等.敦煌市棉田蚜虫及天敌种群消长动态研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2002,(5):42-44.ZHANG Xin-rui,CHEN Ming,HU Guan-fang,et al.(2002).Dynamics of population growth of aphids and natural enemies in cotton fields in Dunhuang [J].Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,(5):42-44.(in Chinese)
[8] 周运刚,郑新疆,马天文,等.不同杀虫剂对棉蚜的防控效果试验[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(22):72-73.ZHOU Yun - gang,ZHENG Xin - jiang,MA Tian - wen,et al.(2016).Experiment on the effect of different insecticides on Aphis gossypii [J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,22(22):72-73.(in Chinese)
[9] 崔丽,张靖,齐浩亮,等.我国棉花主产区棉蚜对吡虫啉的抗性监测及抗性机理[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(11):1 246-1 253.CUI Li,ZHANG Jing,QI Hao - liang,et al.(2016).Monitoring and mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera:Aphidiidae) in the main cotton production areas of China [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica ,59(11):1,246-1,253.(in Chinese)
[10] 张帅,马艳,闵红,等.华北棉区主要害虫抗药性监测与治理技术示范[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(11):1 238-1 245.ZHANG Shuai,MA Yan,MIN Hong,et al.(2016).Insecticide resistance monitoring and management demonstration of major insect pests in the main cotton-growing areas of northern China [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,59(11):1,238-1,245.
[11] 潘洪生,姜玉英,王佩玲,等.新疆棉花害虫发生演替与综合防治研究进展[J].植物保护,2018,44(5):42-50.PAN Hong-sheng,JIANG Yu-ying,WANG Pei-ling,et al.(2018).Research progress in the status evolution and integrated control of cotton pests in Xinjiang [J].Plant Protection,44(5):42-50.(in Chinese)
[12] 雒珺瑜,张帅,任相亮,等.近十年我国棉花虫害研究进展[J].棉花学报,2017,29(S1):100-112.LUO Jun-yu,ZHANG Shuai,REN Xiang-liang,et al.(2017).Research Progress of Cotton Insect Pests in China in Recent Ten Years [J].Cotton Science,29(S1):100-112.(in Chinese)
[13] 周川浩,武刚,冯宏祖,等.5种喷雾助剂对吡虫啉和啶虫脒防治棉蚜的影响[J].农药,2018,57(8):620-623.ZHOU Chuan-hao,WU Gang,FENG Hong-zu,et al.(2018).Effects of Five Kinds of Synergistic Additives on Field Control Of Imidacridine and Chlordimidine on Aphis gossypii[J].Agrochemicals,57(8):620-623.(in Chinese)
[14] 江海澜,邓小霞,阿瓦古丽·托合提,等.新疆库尔勒2014-2016年棉花主要害虫发生概况及原因分析[J].中国棉花,2017,44(9):40,45.JIANG Hai - lan,DENG Xiao - xia,Awaguli - Tuoheti,et al.(2017).Analysis on the occurrence and causes of major pests in cotton in Korla,Xinjiang from 2014 to 2016[J].China Cotton,44(9):40,45.(in Chinese)
[15] 徐遥,吴孔明,李号宾,等.转基因抗虫棉对新疆棉田主要害虫及天敌群落的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2004,(5):345-347.XU Yao,WU Kong - ming,LI Hao - bin,et al.(2004).Effects of transgenic cotton on the main pests and natural enemies in cotton fields in Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(5):345-347.(in Chinese)
[16] 于江南,任志成,努尔比亚·托木尔,等.几种生物农药对棉蚜的防治效果及毒力研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(4):44-46.YU Jiang-nan,REN Zhi-cheng,Nuerbiya Tuomuer,et al.(2008).Study on Toxicities and Control Effect of Different Bio-Insecticides on Aphis gossypii Glover [J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,31(4):44-46.(in Chinese)
[17] 刘政,孙艳,蒋欢,等.0.3%苦参碱水剂等新型药剂对北疆棉蚜防效的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(15):7 056-7 057.LIU Zheng,SUN Yan,JIANG Huan,et al.(2009).Study on Control Effect of 0.3% Abamectin EC etc New Pesticides on Cotton Aphid in North Xinjiang [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,37(15):7,056-7,057.(in Chinese)