不同水质特征污水厂处理过程中的重金属归趋特性
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摘要
以济南市A厂和淄博市B厂两座不同进水污水厂各处理单元与脱水污泥作为研究对象,利用微波消解法对污水和污泥进行预处理,利用石墨炉原子吸收(GFAAS)为分析手段,检测两个污水厂各处理单元中镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)和铬(Cr)四种重金属的含量,分析水厂中各处理单元对四种重金属的去除特性。结果表明,在进水中,A厂和B厂中Ni的含量最高,分别为38.9782μg/L和43.8589μg/L, Cr的含量最少,分别为1.4751μg/L和2.2096μg/L,B厂四种重金属含量均明显高于A厂。所有处理单元均对四种重金属有去除效果,其中沉砂池和二沉池对四种重金属的去除效果较好。重金属污染物有很大一部分蓄积在了污泥中。在浓缩池中,A厂Cd、Cu、Ni、Cr四种重金属的含量分别为1.2475、154.838、86.4082、114.8933 mg/kg,B厂Cd、Cu、Ni、Cr四种重金属的含量分别为1.3337、197.414、133.0701、122.1047 mg/kg。
Treatment units and dewatered sludge from two different WWTPs in Jinan A and Zibo B were studied by using microwave digestion pretreatment.Using graphite furnace atomic absorption(GFAAS) as analytical means, four heavy metals such as cadmium(Cd), copper( Cu), nickel( Ni) and chromium( Cr) were treated separately in each treatment unit of the two WWTPs.The results showed that, in the influent water, the content of four heavy metals of the plant B were significantly higher than that of the plant A.Among them, the contents of Ni in the plants A and B were the highest, which were 38.9782 μg/L and 43.8589 μg/L,respectively,and the contents of Cr were the lowest,which were 1.4751 μg/L and 2.2096 μg/L, respectively.All treatment units had removal effects on four heavy metals, and four of them had better removal effects in grit chambers and secondary settling tanks.In addition, A large part of heavy metal pollutants accumulated in the sludge.In the concentration tank, the contents of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu,Ni,and Cr in Plant A were 1.2475、154.838、86.4082、114.8933 mg/kg,and the contents in Plant B were 1.3337、197.414、133.0701、122.1047 mg/kg,respectively.
Treatment units and dewatered sludge from two different WWTPs in Jinan A and Zibo B were studied by using microwave digestion pretreatment.Using graphite furnace atomic absorption(GFAAS) as analytical means, four heavy metals such as cadmium(Cd), copper( Cu), nickel( Ni) and chromium( Cr) were treated separately in each treatment unit of the two WWTPs.The results showed that, in the influent water, the content of four heavy metals of the plant B were significantly higher than that of the plant A.Among them, the contents of Ni in the plants A and B were the highest, which were 38.9782 μg/L and 43.8589 μg/L,respectively,and the contents of Cr were the lowest,which were 1.4751 μg/L and 2.2096 μg/L, respectively.All treatment units had removal effects on four heavy metals, and four of them had better removal effects in grit chambers and secondary settling tanks.In addition, A large part of heavy metal pollutants accumulated in the sludge.In the concentration tank, the contents of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu,Ni,and Cr in Plant A were 1.2475、154.838、86.4082、114.8933 mg/kg,and the contents in Plant B were 1.3337、197.414、133.0701、122.1047 mg/kg,respectively.
引文
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[9]张宇,念娟妮,张会强.电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水中铜铅锌镉[J].山东化工,2014(7):88-90.
[10] RAO G A K. Removal of heavy metals at Canadian wastewater treatment plant[J]. Journal of Environment Science and Health,1992, 27(1):13-23.
[11] KULBAT E, OLANCZUK N, QUANT B, et al. Heavy matals removal in the mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant“Wschod”in Gdansk[J]. Polish Journal of Environment Studies,2003, 12(5):635-641.
[12] KARVELAS M, KATSOYIANNIS A,SANARA C. Occurrence and fate of heavy metals in the wastewater treatment process[J]. Chemosphere, 2003, 53(10):1201-1210.
[13] FERHAN C, GUL G. Biosorption of heavy metals from landfill leachate onto activated sludge[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 2001, 36(6):987-998.
[14]王光龙,蒋廉洁.污水集中处理厂污水中金属(重金属)的分布[J].重庆环境科学,2002, 23(1):53-57.
[15]赵春阳,刘桐武.A~2/O处理渗滤液中重金属的去除率分析[J].绿色科技,2012(12):50-53.
[2]梁郁强,贾宗剑,江凤仪,等.活性污泥吸附重金属Cr~(6+)的研究[J].环境技术,2003, 30(6):35-36.
[3]谭丽泉,卢宝光.活性污泥吸附重金属离子的研究[J].韶关学院学报(自然科学版),2005, 26(3):73-75.
[4]李芬芳,宋勇,陈刚,等.活性污泥吸附重金属离子的研究[J].湖南工程学院学报,2009, 19(2):64-66.
[5]谢丹瑜,康得军,唐虹,等.城市污水中重金属对活性污泥系统的影响于对策[J].水污染防治,2014, 25(13):59-63.
[6] EPA. SW-846 method 3051 A:Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils[EB/OL].(2011-10-20). http://www. epa. gov/sites/production/files/2015. 12/documents/3151a. 12pdf.
[7]孙博思,赵丽娇,任婷,等.水环境中重金属检测方法研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2012, 35(7):157-162.
[8]吕彩云.重金属检测方法研究综述[J].资源开发与市场,2008, 24(10):887-890,898.
[9]张宇,念娟妮,张会强.电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水中铜铅锌镉[J].山东化工,2014(7):88-90.
[10] RAO G A K. Removal of heavy metals at Canadian wastewater treatment plant[J]. Journal of Environment Science and Health,1992, 27(1):13-23.
[11] KULBAT E, OLANCZUK N, QUANT B, et al. Heavy matals removal in the mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant“Wschod”in Gdansk[J]. Polish Journal of Environment Studies,2003, 12(5):635-641.
[12] KARVELAS M, KATSOYIANNIS A,SANARA C. Occurrence and fate of heavy metals in the wastewater treatment process[J]. Chemosphere, 2003, 53(10):1201-1210.
[13] FERHAN C, GUL G. Biosorption of heavy metals from landfill leachate onto activated sludge[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 2001, 36(6):987-998.
[14]王光龙,蒋廉洁.污水集中处理厂污水中金属(重金属)的分布[J].重庆环境科学,2002, 23(1):53-57.
[15]赵春阳,刘桐武.A~2/O处理渗滤液中重金属的去除率分析[J].绿色科技,2012(12):50-53.