秦岭甘峪河鱼类资源现状及保护评析
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摘要
为了解甘峪河秦岭细鳞鲑国家级水产种质资源保护区(下称"保护区")鱼类资源现状,评析保护区成立5年来的保护效果;在保护区内海拔每升高100m设定1个样点,共计10个样点,采取电捕法分别于2011年5月和2016年8月在各样点进行采样调查。采用Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J′)、Simpson指数(D′)分析鱼类多样性,采用Pinkas相对重要性指数(IRI)研究鱼类物种优势度。结果表明,保护区鱼类组成单一,仅2目3科3种鱼类。鲤科、鲑科和鳅科鱼类各1种,拉氏鱥(Phoxinus lagowskii)为主要种,秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis)为一般种,岷县高原鳅(Triplophysa minxianensis)为少见种。两次调查中,拉氏鱥分别占73.76%和71.73%,秦岭细鳞鲑分别占21.63%和26.18%,岷县高原鳅仅占4.61%和2.09%。较低的鱼类物种多样性指数反映出保护区鱼类群落结构简单、脆弱,极易受外界干扰。两次调查共捕获161尾秦岭细鳞鲑,均重(16.6±17.1)g,最大个体重仅81.5g。2016年采集标本的最大个体重和均重均小于2011年。保护区成立5年后,重点保护鱼类秦岭细鳞鲑占比增加,鱼类多样性指数有所升高,反映出保护区对该鱼种的保护效果显著。保护区内秦岭细鳞鲑个体呈明显小型化,岷县高原鳅的资源量有下降趋势。
Ganyu River Qinling Lenok National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area(hereinafter referred to as the Conservation Zone)was established in December 2012.The Conservation Zone encompasses the main stem of Ganyu River and its 20 tributaries,with a total river length of 88.8km and total area of 618.7hm2.This study investigated the status of fish resources in the Conservation Zone and evaluated the protective measures carried out over the past five years,aiming to provide scientific data and theoretical guidance for further managing the area.The study was based on the fish resource investigations of May 2011,before establishing the Conservation Zone,and in August 2016,after five years of operation.Ten samples were set over each 100 mchange in elevation within the Conservation Zone,carried out by electro-shocking.Water quality parameters were measured in-situ at each sampling site.Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′),Pielou evenness index(J′),and Simpson index(D′)were used to characterize diversity and the Pinkas Index of Relative Importance(IRI)was used to describe species dominance.Fish composition in the Conservation Zone is very simple,consisting of one fish species from each of three families,Cyprinidae,Salmonidae and Cobitidae.Phoxinus lagowskii(Cyprinidae)was the dominant species,Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis(Salmonidae)was common and Triplophysa minxianensis(Cobitidae)was rare,accounting,respectively,for 73.76%,21.63% and 4.61% in the first survey and 71.73%,26.18%and 2.09%in the second.The low fish species diversity indicates that the fish community structure in the Conservation Zone is simple and fragile,and highly vulnerable to external disturbances.A total of 161 Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis specimens were captured in the two surveys,with an average weight of(16.6±17.1)g and a maximum of 81.5g.By 2016,the proportion of protected species and the species diversity index had increased,but the maximum and average body weight of specimens were less than in 2011.These results indicate that the protection measures taken in the Conservation Zone were successful,but miniaturization of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis was also evident and the Triplophysa minxianensis population is trending downward.We recommend enhancing propagation in the Conservation Zone and imposing strict limits on fishing.
Ganyu River Qinling Lenok National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area(hereinafter referred to as the Conservation Zone)was established in December 2012.The Conservation Zone encompasses the main stem of Ganyu River and its 20 tributaries,with a total river length of 88.8km and total area of 618.7hm2.This study investigated the status of fish resources in the Conservation Zone and evaluated the protective measures carried out over the past five years,aiming to provide scientific data and theoretical guidance for further managing the area.The study was based on the fish resource investigations of May 2011,before establishing the Conservation Zone,and in August 2016,after five years of operation.Ten samples were set over each 100 mchange in elevation within the Conservation Zone,carried out by electro-shocking.Water quality parameters were measured in-situ at each sampling site.Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′),Pielou evenness index(J′),and Simpson index(D′)were used to characterize diversity and the Pinkas Index of Relative Importance(IRI)was used to describe species dominance.Fish composition in the Conservation Zone is very simple,consisting of one fish species from each of three families,Cyprinidae,Salmonidae and Cobitidae.Phoxinus lagowskii(Cyprinidae)was the dominant species,Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis(Salmonidae)was common and Triplophysa minxianensis(Cobitidae)was rare,accounting,respectively,for 73.76%,21.63% and 4.61% in the first survey and 71.73%,26.18%and 2.09%in the second.The low fish species diversity indicates that the fish community structure in the Conservation Zone is simple and fragile,and highly vulnerable to external disturbances.A total of 161 Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis specimens were captured in the two surveys,with an average weight of(16.6±17.1)g and a maximum of 81.5g.By 2016,the proportion of protected species and the species diversity index had increased,but the maximum and average body weight of specimens were less than in 2011.These results indicate that the protection measures taken in the Conservation Zone were successful,but miniaturization of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis was also evident and the Triplophysa minxianensis population is trending downward.We recommend enhancing propagation in the Conservation Zone and imposing strict limits on fishing.
引文
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刘其根,沈建忠,陈马康,等,2005.天然经济鱼类小型化问题的研究进展[J].上海水产大学学报,14(1):79-83.
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任剑,梁刚,2004.千河流域秦岭细鳞鲑资源调查报告[J].陕西师范大学学学报,32(9):65-168.
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陕西省水产研究所,1992.陕西鱼类志[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社.
孙儒泳,2001.动物生态学原理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.
杨剑,潘晓赋,陈小勇,等,2010.李仙江鱼类资源的现状与保护对策[J].水生态学杂志,3(2):54-60.
张建禄,边坤,靳铁治,等,2016.秦岭黑河流域鱼类资源现状调查[J].淡水渔业,46(1):103-108.
张觉民,何志辉,1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:农业出版社:242-298.
赵夕旦,张和森,宋宇然,2000.氧化还原电位的测定及在水族中的应用[J].北京水产,(6):44-45.
Pinkas L,Oliphant M,Iverson I,1971.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna and bonito in California waters[J].Fishery Bulletin,152:5-10.
Zhao Y H,Zhang C G,2009.Threatened fishes of the world:Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li,1966(Salmonidae)[J].Environ Bio Fish,86:11-12.
韩耀全,2010.漓江鱼类物种多样性及其演变态势研究[J].水生态学杂志,3(1):22-28.
刘其根,沈建忠,陈马康,等,2005.天然经济鱼类小型化问题的研究进展[J].上海水产大学学报,14(1):79-83.
刘晓锋,李科社,高宏伟,等,2010.黄河干流宁蒙段渔业资源调查及保护对策[J].水生态学杂志,3(4):135-141.
任剑,梁刚,2004.千河流域秦岭细鳞鲑资源调查报告[J].陕西师范大学学学报,32(9):65-168.
茹辉军,张燕,李云峰,等,2016.雅砻江支流安宁河鱼类群落组成及资源现状[J].水生态学杂志,37(5):68-74.
陕西省水产研究所,1992.陕西鱼类志[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社.
孙儒泳,2001.动物生态学原理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.
杨剑,潘晓赋,陈小勇,等,2010.李仙江鱼类资源的现状与保护对策[J].水生态学杂志,3(2):54-60.
张建禄,边坤,靳铁治,等,2016.秦岭黑河流域鱼类资源现状调查[J].淡水渔业,46(1):103-108.
张觉民,何志辉,1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:农业出版社:242-298.
赵夕旦,张和森,宋宇然,2000.氧化还原电位的测定及在水族中的应用[J].北京水产,(6):44-45.
Pinkas L,Oliphant M,Iverson I,1971.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna and bonito in California waters[J].Fishery Bulletin,152:5-10.
Zhao Y H,Zhang C G,2009.Threatened fishes of the world:Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li,1966(Salmonidae)[J].Environ Bio Fish,86:11-12.