武汉市9～12岁学龄儿童在校午餐营养质量及与体格发育的关系
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摘要
目的了解武汉市某区小学生在校午餐质量及其体格发育状况,为改善学龄儿童营养状况提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法,对武汉市某两所小学1001名三至六年级学生进行连续三日的午餐调查和体格检查,通过膳食回顾法记录学生在校午餐膳食,将午餐膳食摄入与标准进行对比,并对午餐各营养素摄入量与学龄儿童的身高和体重分别进行相关分析。结果调查对象身高为(139.81±8.87)cm,体重为(35.91±9.44)kg;各年龄组午餐中蛋白质平均摄入量均达到40%平均需要量,维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、钙、硒等营养素严重摄入不足;各年龄组畜禽肉类食物摄入达标,鱼虾类、蛋类、大豆及坚果类、奶类严重摄入不足;午餐能量、碳水化合物、维生素A、维生素C、铁摄入量与学龄儿童身高及体重表现出相关性(P<0.05)。结论武汉市9～12岁学龄儿童在校午餐营养状况存在微量营养素缺乏和午餐搭配不平衡等问题,体格发育状况未达到全国平均水平。
OBJECTIVE To study the lunch quality and physical development status of primary school students in a certain area of Wuhan City, and to provide the scientific basis for improving the nutritional status of school-age children. METHODS A total of 1001 students of third to sixth grade from two primary schools in Wuhan were enrolled in this study. The three-day lunch meal survey and physical examination were conducted, and students' lunch at school were recorded by meal review. The lunch intake was compared with the standard, and the correlation between nutrient intake and school-age children's height and weight was analyzed. RESULTS The height of the subjects was(139.81±8.87) cm and the body weight was(35.91±9.44) kg. The average protein intake at lunch of all age groups reached 40% estimated average requirement(EAR), and vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, selenium and other nutrients were seriously inadequate; all age groups of animal meat intake reached the standard. And fish, shrimp, eggs, soybeans and nuts, milk were lack of intake; energy of lunch, carbohydrates, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron intake were correlated with height and weight of school-age children(P<0.05). CONCLUSION There are some problems such as micronutrient deficiency and unbalanced diet in school-age children aged 9-12 in Wuhan. Physical development did not reach the national average level.
OBJECTIVE To study the lunch quality and physical development status of primary school students in a certain area of Wuhan City, and to provide the scientific basis for improving the nutritional status of school-age children. METHODS A total of 1001 students of third to sixth grade from two primary schools in Wuhan were enrolled in this study. The three-day lunch meal survey and physical examination were conducted, and students' lunch at school were recorded by meal review. The lunch intake was compared with the standard, and the correlation between nutrient intake and school-age children's height and weight was analyzed. RESULTS The height of the subjects was(139.81±8.87) cm and the body weight was(35.91±9.44) kg. The average protein intake at lunch of all age groups reached 40% estimated average requirement(EAR), and vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, selenium and other nutrients were seriously inadequate; all age groups of animal meat intake reached the standard. And fish, shrimp, eggs, soybeans and nuts, milk were lack of intake; energy of lunch, carbohydrates, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron intake were correlated with height and weight of school-age children(P<0.05). CONCLUSION There are some problems such as micronutrient deficiency and unbalanced diet in school-age children aged 9-12 in Wuhan. Physical development did not reach the national average level.
引文
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[16] 侯启元.龙胜县农村儿童血锌、铁、钙营养摄入与饮食习惯、生长发育的相关研究[J].中国继续医学教育,2016,8(11):43-45.
[17] 朱静,李连岗.学龄儿童锌、铜、铁、钙营养摄入与体格发育的相关研究[J].天津医科大学学报,2000,6(1):86-88.
[2] 中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南[M].拉萨:西藏人民出版社,2008.
[3] 段佳丽,潘勇平,滕立新,等.北京市中小学校自供营养午餐营养质量分析[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(6):651-653.
[4] 黄珍茹,高润颖,张雅莉,等.上海市中小学生在校午餐营养供给情况调查[J].中国食物与营养,2017,23(1):80-84.
[5] 中国学生体质与健康调研组.2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.
[6] 吴欣耘,汪之顼,马秀玲,等.食物图谱辅助提高24h回顾法膳食调查准确性的评价研究[J].营养学报,2012,34(6):558-562.
[7] 中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量 (2013版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[8] 国家卫生计生委.学生餐营养指南:WS/T 554—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[9] 于若木.于若木论学生营养[M].北京:中国青年出版社,2002:60-198.
[10] 刘金英,安建华,杨勤兵.北京市学生营养午餐营养素供给量评估[J].中国食物与营养,2013,19(12):82-84.
[11] 夏浩业,代旭,王良,等.小学生营养午餐微量营养素摄入情况评价[J].卫生研究,2016,45(4):593-598.
[12] COHEN J F,RICHARDSON S,AUSTIN S B,et al.School lunch waste among middle school students:nutrients consumed and costs[J].Am J Prev Med,2013,44 (2):114-121.
[13] 代旭,梁新新,田景丰.小学生营养午餐实际摄入情况研究[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(23):2841-2845.
[14] 张子龙,马军,付连国,等.中国2010年中小学生体质健康现状分析[J].中国学校卫生,2013(2):142-146.
[15] 吴琼,谢鸿,刘长云,等.山东省7～18岁儿童青少年发育水平调查[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2017,25(8):767-772.
[16] 侯启元.龙胜县农村儿童血锌、铁、钙营养摄入与饮食习惯、生长发育的相关研究[J].中国继续医学教育,2016,8(11):43-45.
[17] 朱静,李连岗.学龄儿童锌、铜、铁、钙营养摄入与体格发育的相关研究[J].天津医科大学学报,2000,6(1):86-88.