中国企业孵化器资源配置及其动态演变
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摘要
使用网络DEA模型分析中国企业孵化资源的两阶段(技术创新阶段与技术转化阶段)配置效率,进一步采用Malmquist指数分析效率的动态演化趋势。研究发现,相对于第一阶段技术创新效率,第二阶段技术转化效率对资源配置效率的影响更为明显,且企业孵化资源配置效率存在较明显的区域差异。纵向维度而言,通过Malmquist指数分析发现,无论对于总体效率还是分阶段效率,技术进步比技术效率的贡献更为显著。本文的研究发现对于完善中国企业孵化资源的配置以及科技创业相关政策的制定具有重要的参考价值。
This paper uses a two-phase(technical innovation and technology transformation) network DEA method to study the technological innovation and technological transformation efficiency of Chinese provinces. The Malmquist production index was also used to analyze the dynamic changes in efficiency. The results show: Firstly, relative to the efficiency of science and technology innovation in the first phase, the efficiency of the second phase of science and technology transformation has a greater impact on the efficiency of resource allocation; Secondly, there are obvious regional differences in the efficiency of domestic incubator resource allocation; Thirdly, through analysis of Malmquist Index, it is found that technological progress has a greater effect on productivity than technical efficiency, both for the overall and the innovation and transformation stages. At the same time, resource allocation efficiency will be affected by macroeconomic conditions. The research is of important reference value for the improvement of resource allocation and the formulation of relevant policies.
This paper uses a two-phase(technical innovation and technology transformation) network DEA method to study the technological innovation and technological transformation efficiency of Chinese provinces. The Malmquist production index was also used to analyze the dynamic changes in efficiency. The results show: Firstly, relative to the efficiency of science and technology innovation in the first phase, the efficiency of the second phase of science and technology transformation has a greater impact on the efficiency of resource allocation; Secondly, there are obvious regional differences in the efficiency of domestic incubator resource allocation; Thirdly, through analysis of Malmquist Index, it is found that technological progress has a greater effect on productivity than technical efficiency, both for the overall and the innovation and transformation stages. At the same time, resource allocation efficiency will be affected by macroeconomic conditions. The research is of important reference value for the improvement of resource allocation and the formulation of relevant policies.
引文
[1]汪艳霞.大学科技园科技服务合作治理模式研究:以重庆北碚国家大学科技园为例[J].科技进步与对策,2018,35(1):9-14.
[2]曹细玉.企业孵化器孵化能力评价研究[J].科技进步与对策,2001, 18(6):13-14.
[3]LATORRE M P, HERMOSO R, RUBIO M A. A novel network-based analysis to measure efficiency in science and technology parks: the ISA framework approach [J]. Journal of Technology Transfer, 2017, 42(6):1255-1275.
[4]JEFFERSON D J, MAIDA M, FARKAS A, et al. Technology transfer in the Americas: common and divergent practices among major research universities and public sector institutions [J]. Journal of Technology Transfer, 2017, 42(6): 1-27.
[5]NELSON R R. National innovation systems: a retrospective on a study[M]. UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 1996: 347-374.
[6]PHAN P H, SIEGEL D S, WRIGHT M. Science parks and incubators: observations, synthesis and future research[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2005, 20(2): 165-182.
[7]RAUPP F M, BEUREN I M. Sharing of knowledge in Brazilian incubators associated to anprotec[J]. Revista de Administrac?ao Mackenzie, 2007, 8(2): 38-58.
[8]ALON I, GODINHO M M. Business incubators in a developing economy: evidence from brazil’s northeast region[J]. Science & Public Policy, 2017, 44(1): 13-25
[9]HACKETT S M, DILTS D M. A real options-driven theory of business incubation[J]. Journal of Technology Transfer, 2004, 29(1): 41-54.
[10]RADOSEVIC S, MYRZAKHMET M. Between vision and reality: promoting innovation through techno parks in an emerging economy[J]. Technovation, 2009, 29(10): 645-656.
[11]STOKAN E, THOMPSON L, MAHU R J. Testing the differential effect of business incubators on firm growth[J]. Economic Development Quarterly, 2015, 29(4): 297-309.
[12]郭俊峰,霍国庆,袁永娜.基于价值链的科技企业孵化器的盈利模式分析[J].科研管理,2013,34(2):69-76.
[13]ETZKOWITZ H. Incubation of incubators: innovation as a triple helix of university-industry-government networks[J]. Science & Public Policy, 2002, 29(2): 115-128.
[14]RONG K, WU J, SHI Y, et al. Nurturing business ecosystems for growth in a foreign market: incubating, identifying and integrating stakeholders[J]. Journal of International Management, 2015, 21(4):293-308.
[15]BORLAND H, AMBROSINI V, LINDGREEN A, et al. Building theory at the intersection of ecological sustainability and strategic management[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2016, 135(2):1-15.
[16]毕可佳,胡海青,张道宏.孵化器编配能力对孵化网络创新绩效影响研究:网络协同效应的中介作用[J].管理评论,2017,29(4):36-46.
[17]LUBIENSKI C, BREWER T J, LONDE P G L. Orchestrating policy ideas: philanthropies and think tanks in US education policy advocacy networks[J]. Australian Educational Researcher, 2015: 1-19.
[18]SHERMAN H, CHAPPELL D S. Methodological challenges in evaluating business incubator outcomes [J]. Economic Development Quarterly, 1998, 12 (4): 313-321.
[19]陈丽兰,戚安邦.基于全生命周期的科技企业孵化器筛选体系构建[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(5):134-141.
[20]TONE K. Network DEA: a slacks-based measure approach[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2009, 197(1): 243-252.
[21]F?RE R, GROSSKOPF S, NORRIS M. Productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change in industrialized countries: reply[J]. American Economic Review, 1997, 87(5): 1040-1044.
[22]SCHUMPETER J A. The creative response in economic history[J]. Journal of Economic History, 1947, 7(2): 149-159.
[23]张宝建,张丽波,孙国强.中国科技创新扩散的链式耦合评价研究[J/OL].软科学(2017-07-31)[2018-05-23].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/51.1268.G3.20170727.1725.002.html.
[24]刘刚,李强治.创业孵化的本质及其组织模式创新:基于价值网络的视角[J].中国科技论坛,2014(4):45-50.
[25]王武习,胡海青.环境不确定下企业孵化网络治理机制对治理绩效影响研究[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(19):123-127.
[26]WESTHEAD P. R&D ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’ of technology-based firms located on and off Science Parks[J]. R & D Management, 1997, 27(1):45-62.
[27]COLOMBO M G, DELMASTRO M. How effective are technology incubators? : Evidence from Italy[J]. Research Policy, 2002, 31(7): 1103-1122.
[28]BOLLINGTOFT A, ULHOI J P. The networked business incubator—leveraging entrepreneurial agency?[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2005, 20(2): 265-290.
[29]ALLEN D, MCCLUSKEY R. Structure, policy, services and performance in the business incubator industry[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory Practice. 1990,15 (2): 61-77.
[30]AERTS K, MATTHYSSENS P, VANDENBEMPT K. Critical role and screening practices of European business incubators[J]. Technovation, 2007, 27(5): 254-267.
[2]曹细玉.企业孵化器孵化能力评价研究[J].科技进步与对策,2001, 18(6):13-14.
[3]LATORRE M P, HERMOSO R, RUBIO M A. A novel network-based analysis to measure efficiency in science and technology parks: the ISA framework approach [J]. Journal of Technology Transfer, 2017, 42(6):1255-1275.
[4]JEFFERSON D J, MAIDA M, FARKAS A, et al. Technology transfer in the Americas: common and divergent practices among major research universities and public sector institutions [J]. Journal of Technology Transfer, 2017, 42(6): 1-27.
[5]NELSON R R. National innovation systems: a retrospective on a study[M]. UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 1996: 347-374.
[6]PHAN P H, SIEGEL D S, WRIGHT M. Science parks and incubators: observations, synthesis and future research[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2005, 20(2): 165-182.
[7]RAUPP F M, BEUREN I M. Sharing of knowledge in Brazilian incubators associated to anprotec[J]. Revista de Administrac?ao Mackenzie, 2007, 8(2): 38-58.
[8]ALON I, GODINHO M M. Business incubators in a developing economy: evidence from brazil’s northeast region[J]. Science & Public Policy, 2017, 44(1): 13-25
[9]HACKETT S M, DILTS D M. A real options-driven theory of business incubation[J]. Journal of Technology Transfer, 2004, 29(1): 41-54.
[10]RADOSEVIC S, MYRZAKHMET M. Between vision and reality: promoting innovation through techno parks in an emerging economy[J]. Technovation, 2009, 29(10): 645-656.
[11]STOKAN E, THOMPSON L, MAHU R J. Testing the differential effect of business incubators on firm growth[J]. Economic Development Quarterly, 2015, 29(4): 297-309.
[12]郭俊峰,霍国庆,袁永娜.基于价值链的科技企业孵化器的盈利模式分析[J].科研管理,2013,34(2):69-76.
[13]ETZKOWITZ H. Incubation of incubators: innovation as a triple helix of university-industry-government networks[J]. Science & Public Policy, 2002, 29(2): 115-128.
[14]RONG K, WU J, SHI Y, et al. Nurturing business ecosystems for growth in a foreign market: incubating, identifying and integrating stakeholders[J]. Journal of International Management, 2015, 21(4):293-308.
[15]BORLAND H, AMBROSINI V, LINDGREEN A, et al. Building theory at the intersection of ecological sustainability and strategic management[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2016, 135(2):1-15.
[16]毕可佳,胡海青,张道宏.孵化器编配能力对孵化网络创新绩效影响研究:网络协同效应的中介作用[J].管理评论,2017,29(4):36-46.
[17]LUBIENSKI C, BREWER T J, LONDE P G L. Orchestrating policy ideas: philanthropies and think tanks in US education policy advocacy networks[J]. Australian Educational Researcher, 2015: 1-19.
[18]SHERMAN H, CHAPPELL D S. Methodological challenges in evaluating business incubator outcomes [J]. Economic Development Quarterly, 1998, 12 (4): 313-321.
[19]陈丽兰,戚安邦.基于全生命周期的科技企业孵化器筛选体系构建[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(5):134-141.
[20]TONE K. Network DEA: a slacks-based measure approach[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2009, 197(1): 243-252.
[21]F?RE R, GROSSKOPF S, NORRIS M. Productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change in industrialized countries: reply[J]. American Economic Review, 1997, 87(5): 1040-1044.
[22]SCHUMPETER J A. The creative response in economic history[J]. Journal of Economic History, 1947, 7(2): 149-159.
[23]张宝建,张丽波,孙国强.中国科技创新扩散的链式耦合评价研究[J/OL].软科学(2017-07-31)[2018-05-23].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/51.1268.G3.20170727.1725.002.html.
[24]刘刚,李强治.创业孵化的本质及其组织模式创新:基于价值网络的视角[J].中国科技论坛,2014(4):45-50.
[25]王武习,胡海青.环境不确定下企业孵化网络治理机制对治理绩效影响研究[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(19):123-127.
[26]WESTHEAD P. R&D ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’ of technology-based firms located on and off Science Parks[J]. R & D Management, 1997, 27(1):45-62.
[27]COLOMBO M G, DELMASTRO M. How effective are technology incubators? : Evidence from Italy[J]. Research Policy, 2002, 31(7): 1103-1122.
[28]BOLLINGTOFT A, ULHOI J P. The networked business incubator—leveraging entrepreneurial agency?[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2005, 20(2): 265-290.
[29]ALLEN D, MCCLUSKEY R. Structure, policy, services and performance in the business incubator industry[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory Practice. 1990,15 (2): 61-77.
[30]AERTS K, MATTHYSSENS P, VANDENBEMPT K. Critical role and screening practices of European business incubators[J]. Technovation, 2007, 27(5): 254-267.