圆柱干扰对杂交鲟幼鱼游泳能力及代谢行为影响研究
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摘要
为了研究流场扰动对鱼类游泳行为和代谢的影响,本研究测定了单、双圆柱(平行)扰动条件下杂交鲟(Acipenser schrenckii♀×A.baeri♂)幼鱼的临界游泳速度和耗氧率。结果显示:与对照组比较,单、双圆柱扰动条件下,杂交鲟幼鱼U_(crit)比对照组分别增加了1.71%和40.41%。游泳过程中,耗氧率和速度呈线性关系,单、双圆柱扰动条件下,速度系数b值显著小于对照组,上溯运动中能量利用效率较高。圆柱设置形成的流场环境有利于提高杂交鲟幼鱼游泳能力和游泳效率。湍动能为1.960×10~(-4)～46.92×10~(-4) m~2/s~2时,杂交鲟幼鱼游泳效率较高,上溯所需的能耗减少。
The critical swimming speed(U_(crit)) and oxygen consumption rate(MO_2) of hybrid sturgeon(Acipenser schrenckii♀× A.baeri♂) under the turbulent flow of single and double circular cylinders(parallel) were measured to study the effects of turbulent flow disturbance on fish behavior and metabolism. As the results shown, compared with the control group,U_(crit) of hybrid sturgeon in the single and double circular cylinders groups increased by 1.71% and 40.41%, respectively. During the swimming exercise, the relationships between MO_2 and U were linears. In the single and double circular cylinders groups, the b value of velocity coefficient was significantly lower than that of control group, which indicted higher energy utilization efficiency in the upstream motion. The circular cylinders setting up were favorable for swimming capability and efficiency of the hybrid sturgeon. And the swimming efficiency of hybrid sturgeon was high with the turbulent kinetic energy 1.960×10~(-4)～46.92×10~(-4 )m~2/s~2. The study provides a reference for the study on the motion behavior and metabolic consumption of fish in the turbulent flow in natural environment.
The critical swimming speed(U_(crit)) and oxygen consumption rate(MO_2) of hybrid sturgeon(Acipenser schrenckii♀× A.baeri♂) under the turbulent flow of single and double circular cylinders(parallel) were measured to study the effects of turbulent flow disturbance on fish behavior and metabolism. As the results shown, compared with the control group,U_(crit) of hybrid sturgeon in the single and double circular cylinders groups increased by 1.71% and 40.41%, respectively. During the swimming exercise, the relationships between MO_2 and U were linears. In the single and double circular cylinders groups, the b value of velocity coefficient was significantly lower than that of control group, which indicted higher energy utilization efficiency in the upstream motion. The circular cylinders setting up were favorable for swimming capability and efficiency of the hybrid sturgeon. And the swimming efficiency of hybrid sturgeon was high with the turbulent kinetic energy 1.960×10~(-4)～46.92×10~(-4 )m~2/s~2. The study provides a reference for the study on the motion behavior and metabolic consumption of fish in the turbulent flow in natural environment.
引文
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[25] Newbold L R,Kemp P S.Influence of corrugated boundary hydrodynamics on the swimming performance and behaviour of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [J].Ecol Eng,2015,82(1):112-120.
[26] Silva A T,Katopodis C,Tachie M F,et al.Downstream swimming behaviour of catadromous and potamodromous fish over spillways [J].River Res Appl,2016,32(5):935-945.
[27]陈波,李万平.壁面对并列双圆柱尾迹影响的实验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2011,26(3):342-350.
[2]Christos K.Developing a toolkit for fish passage,ecological flow management and fish habitat works [J].J Hydraul Res,2005,43(5):451-467.
[3]Roscoe D W,Hinch S G.Effectiveness monitoring of fish passage facilities:historical trends,geographic patterns and future directions [J].Fish Fish,2010,11(1):12-33.
[4]Thiem J D,Dawson J W,Hatin D,et al.Swimming activity and energetic costs of adult lake sturgeon during fishway passage [J].J Exp Boil,2016,219(16):2534-2544.
[5]Kieffer J D.Limits to exhaustive exercise in fish [J].Comp Bio Chem Phys A,2000,126(2):161-179.
[6]Cai L,Fang M,Johnson D,et al.Interrelationships between feeding,food deprivation and swimming performance in juvenile grass carp [J].Aquat Biol,2014,20(1):69-76.
[7]Chan H Y,Xu W Z,Shin P K S,et al.Prolonged exposure to low dissolved oxygen affects early development and swimming behaviour in the gastropod Nassarius festivus,(Nassariidae) [J].Mar Biol,2008,153(4):735-743.
[8]Pecquet A,Dorey N,Chan K Y.Ocean acidification increases larval swimming speed and has limited effects on spawning and settlement of a robust fouling bryozoan,Bugula neritina [J].Mar Pollut Bull,2017,124(2):903-910.
[9]Wang J W,Cao Z D,Fu S J.A comparison of constant acceleration swimming speeds when acceleration rates are different with critical swimming speeds in Chinese bream under two oxygen tensions [J].Fish Physiol Biochem,2016,42(5):1453-1461.
[10]Yetsko K,Sancho G.The effects of salinity on swimming performance of two estuarine fishes,Fundulus heteroclitus and Fundulus majalis [J].J Fish Biol,2015,86(2):827-833.
[11] Yuan X,Zhou Y H,Huang Y P,et al.Effects of temperature and fatigue on the metabolism and swimming capacity of juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) [J].Fish Physiol Biochem,2017,43(24):1279-1287.
[12] Liao J C,Beal D N,Lauder G V,et al.Fish exploiting vortices decrease muscle activity [J].Science,2003,302(5650):1566-1569.
[13] Enderg E C,Boisclair D,Roy A G.The effect of turbulence on the cost of swimming for juvenile atlantic salmon [J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,2003,60(9):1149-1160.
[14] Crook D A,Koster W M.Temporal change in fish assemblages in the lower Goulburn River,south-eastern Australia:comment on Pollino et al.(2004) [J].Mar Freshwater Res,2006,57(3):303-308.
[15] Garbe J,Beevers L,Pender G.The interaction of low flow conditions and spawning brown trout (Salmo trutta) habitat availability [J].Ecol Eng,2016,88(1):53-63.
[16] Tritico H M,Cotel A J.The effects of turbulent eddies on the stability and critical swimming speed of creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) [J].J Exp Biol,2010,213(13):2284-2293.
[17] Liao J C.A review of fish swimming mechanics and behaviour in altered flows [J].Philos T R Soc B,2007,362(1487):1973-1993.
[18] Taguchi M,Liao J C.Rainbow trout consume less oxygen in turbulence:the energetics of swimming behaviors at different speeds [J].J Exp Biol,2011,214(9):1428-1436.
[19]谭均军,高柱,戴会超,等.竖缝式鱼道水力特性与鱼类运动特性相关性分析[J].水利学报,2017,48(8):924-932.
[20]袁喜,涂志英,韩京成,等.流速对细鳞裂腹鱼游泳行为及能量消耗影响的研究[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(2):270-275.
[21] Yuan X,Cai L,Johnson D M,et al.Oxygen consumption and swimming behavior of juvenile siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii during stepped velocity tests [J].Aquat Biol,2016,24(3):211-217.
[22] Cai L,Taupier R,Johnson D,et al.Swimming capability and swimming behavior of juvenile Acipenser schrenckii [J].J Exp Zool Part A,2013,319(3):149-155.
[23] Lee C G,Devlin R H,Farrell A P.Swimming performance,oxygen consumption and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in adult transgenic and ocean-ranched coho salmon [J].J Fish Biol,2003,62(4):753-766.
[24]张安杰,曹振东,付世建.生境不完全重叠的两种鲤科鱼类耐低氧及运动能力比较[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5860-5867.
[25] Newbold L R,Kemp P S.Influence of corrugated boundary hydrodynamics on the swimming performance and behaviour of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [J].Ecol Eng,2015,82(1):112-120.
[26] Silva A T,Katopodis C,Tachie M F,et al.Downstream swimming behaviour of catadromous and potamodromous fish over spillways [J].River Res Appl,2016,32(5):935-945.
[27]陈波,李万平.壁面对并列双圆柱尾迹影响的实验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2011,26(3):342-350.