产表面活性剂菌与稠油降解菌复配对原油黏度的影响
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摘要
稠油微生物降解是微生物采油的重要机理之一,但其效率较低,不能明显改变稠油化学组成,降低稠油黏度,从而影响采油效率。针对这一问题,将产表面活性菌与稠油降解菌复配,通过测定菌种作用前后原油的黏度确定产表面活性菌与稠油降解菌的最佳复配比例;通过原油四组分分析和变性梯度凝胶电泳,研究了生物表面活性剂对稠油生物降解的强化作用。结果表明,产表面活性菌T-1、X-3与稠油降解菌QB26、QB36适宜的复配体积比为2∶2∶1∶1。菌种复配作用后,稠油黏度明显降低,与单独使用降解菌相比降黏率平均提高33.1%,胶质与沥青质平均降解率提高8.0%和4.9%。产表面活性剂菌的加入增加了表面活性剂含量,降低了胶质沥青质等相对重质组分的含量;产表面活性剂菌通过产生表面活性剂,使原油降黏增溶,形成小液滴,易于被稠油降解菌捕获降解,不仅降低稠油黏度,还提高了稠油降解菌的数量。生物表面活性剂对稠油生物降解具有明显的强化作用,在微生物采油技术中具有良好的应用潜力。图1表1参19
Although microbial degradation of heavy oil was regarded one of the important mechanisms of microbial enhanced oil recovery,due to its low efficiency,it was not able to significantly change the chemical composition of heavy oil and reduce oil viscosity as well,therefore affected the extraction efficiency. To solve this problem,heavy oil degrading bacteria(ODB)and surfactant producing bacteria(SPB)were mixed,while the optimum ratio of SPB/ODB was determined by measuring the viscosity of heavy oil before and after bacteria compounding. The strengthening role of biosurfactants on heavy oil bio-degradation was studied through four-component analysis and denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)experiment. The results showed that an optimum compounding volume ratio of SPB(T-1)∶ SPB(X-3)∶ODB(QB26)∶ODB(QB36)was 2∶2∶1∶1. After complex effect of bacteria,the viscosity of heavy oil declined significantly,the average reduction rate of viscosity rose by 33.1%,the average degradation rate of gum and asphaltene rose by 8.0% and 4.9% respectively,compared with the effect of degrading bacteria alone. Adding SPB increased the content of surfactants and decreased the components contents of relative heavy mass such as gum and asphaltene. Moreover,the surfactants generated by SPB reduced the viscosity of crude oil as well as facilitated the solubility,which consequently formed small droplets that could be easily captured and degraded by ODB. The above process could not only decrease the viscosity of heavy oil,but also raise the total amount of ODB. Biosurfactants possessed significant strengthening effect on the bio-degradation of heavy oil,which displayed productive application potential in microbial enhanced oil recovery technology.
Although microbial degradation of heavy oil was regarded one of the important mechanisms of microbial enhanced oil recovery,due to its low efficiency,it was not able to significantly change the chemical composition of heavy oil and reduce oil viscosity as well,therefore affected the extraction efficiency. To solve this problem,heavy oil degrading bacteria(ODB)and surfactant producing bacteria(SPB)were mixed,while the optimum ratio of SPB/ODB was determined by measuring the viscosity of heavy oil before and after bacteria compounding. The strengthening role of biosurfactants on heavy oil bio-degradation was studied through four-component analysis and denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)experiment. The results showed that an optimum compounding volume ratio of SPB(T-1)∶ SPB(X-3)∶ODB(QB26)∶ODB(QB36)was 2∶2∶1∶1. After complex effect of bacteria,the viscosity of heavy oil declined significantly,the average reduction rate of viscosity rose by 33.1%,the average degradation rate of gum and asphaltene rose by 8.0% and 4.9% respectively,compared with the effect of degrading bacteria alone. Adding SPB increased the content of surfactants and decreased the components contents of relative heavy mass such as gum and asphaltene. Moreover,the surfactants generated by SPB reduced the viscosity of crude oil as well as facilitated the solubility,which consequently formed small droplets that could be easily captured and degraded by ODB. The above process could not only decrease the viscosity of heavy oil,but also raise the total amount of ODB. Biosurfactants possessed significant strengthening effect on the bio-degradation of heavy oil,which displayed productive application potential in microbial enhanced oil recovery technology.
引文
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[9]王卫强,李佳,王国付,等.嗜蜡菌的筛选及其对稠油流变性的影[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(4):176-182.
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[11]程海鹰,肖生科,汪卫东,等.变性梯度凝胶电泳方法在内源微生物驱油研究中的应用[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):82-85.
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[13]王红艳,曹绪龙,张继超,等.孤东二元驱体系中表面活性剂复配增效作用研究及应用[J].油田化学,2008,25(8):356-361.
[14]吴志伟.表面活性剂的乳化性能和界面活性对低渗油藏采收率的影响[J].油田化学,2017,34(1):119-125.
[15]张金秋.生物表面活性剂对稠油化学降黏增效作用的研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2015,16(1):36-40.
[16]郑江鹏,梁生康,石晓勇,等.生物表面活性剂/碱复配体系的界面性能及对原油采收率的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(6):72-77.
[17]包木太,肖生科,孔祥平,等.16S rRNA基因技术在油藏微生物生态研究中的应用[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2007,15(3):369-379.
[18]王君,马挺,刘静,等.利用PCR-DGGE技术指导高温油藏中功能微生物的分离[J].环境科学,2008,29(2):462-468.
[19]GRABOWSKI A,NERCESSIAN O,FAYOLLE F,et al.Microbial diversity in production waters of a low temperature biodegraded oil reservoir[J].FEMS Microbiol Ecol,2005,54(3):427-443.
[2]JANG L K,YEN T F.Biological alternative for heavy oil recovery[A].//Prog 3rd International Conference on Heavy Crude and Sands Lorg Beach.CA,July 1985:22-31.
[3]张廷山,任明忠,蓝光志,等.微生物降解作用对稠油理化性质的影响[J].西南石油学院学报,2003,25(5):1-4.
[4]赵福麟.采油化学[M].山东:石油大学出版社,1989:149-152.
[5]贝歇尔.乳状液理论与实践[M].傅鹰,译.北京:科学出版社,1978:97-98.
[6]周风山,吴瑾光.稠油的类乳化复合降黏作用机理[J].油田化学,2002,19(4):311-315.
[7]尉小明,郑猛,白永林.稠油掺表面活性剂水溶液降黏机理研究[J].特种油气藏,2004,11(4):92-94.
[8]马爱青,陈连喜,包木太.表面活性剂对原油生物降解的强化作用[J].油田化学,2011,28(2):224-228.
[9]王卫强,李佳,王国付,等.嗜蜡菌的筛选及其对稠油流变性的影[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(4):176-182.
[10]奥斯伯,布伦特,金斯顿,等.精编分子生物学实验指南[M].金由辛,译.北京:科学出版社,2008:57-58.
[11]程海鹰,肖生科,汪卫东,等.变性梯度凝胶电泳方法在内源微生物驱油研究中的应用[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):82-85.
[12]冯树,张中泽.混合菌--一类值得重视的微生物资源[J].世界科技研究与发展,2000,22(3):44-46.
[13]王红艳,曹绪龙,张继超,等.孤东二元驱体系中表面活性剂复配增效作用研究及应用[J].油田化学,2008,25(8):356-361.
[14]吴志伟.表面活性剂的乳化性能和界面活性对低渗油藏采收率的影响[J].油田化学,2017,34(1):119-125.
[15]张金秋.生物表面活性剂对稠油化学降黏增效作用的研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2015,16(1):36-40.
[16]郑江鹏,梁生康,石晓勇,等.生物表面活性剂/碱复配体系的界面性能及对原油采收率的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(6):72-77.
[17]包木太,肖生科,孔祥平,等.16S rRNA基因技术在油藏微生物生态研究中的应用[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2007,15(3):369-379.
[18]王君,马挺,刘静,等.利用PCR-DGGE技术指导高温油藏中功能微生物的分离[J].环境科学,2008,29(2):462-468.
[19]GRABOWSKI A,NERCESSIAN O,FAYOLLE F,et al.Microbial diversity in production waters of a low temperature biodegraded oil reservoir[J].FEMS Microbiol Ecol,2005,54(3):427-443.