武汉市某大型汽车制造企业冲压生产线全封闭降噪效果评估
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摘要
目的 对武汉市某大型汽车制造企业冲压生产线治理前后噪声强度及工人听力损失风险进行评估,为同类企业噪声危害治理提供参考。方法 对企业冲压生产线情况进行现场调查;检测改造前后作业岗位噪声强度并进行听力损失风险计算。结果 治理后,岗位噪声强度平均值降低了20.9 dB(A),冲压生产线作业人员由24人减少到9人。风险评估结果显示治理前噪声所致高频听损和噪声聋的风险分别为39.9%～63.3%和19.1%～42.1%;治理后这两种听力损失的风险均降至5%以下。结论 企业采取的隔声降噪措施有效可行,降噪效果明显,达到预期目标,具有推广应用价值。
[Objective]To evaluate the noise intensity and the risk of workers' hearing loss before and after the engineering management in stamping production line of a large automobile manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan City,provide reference for noise hazard management of similar enterprises. [Methods]On-site investigation of the stamping production line in the enterprise was conducted. The noise intensity of the job post was measured before and after the engineering management and the hearing loss risk were calculated. [Results]After the engineering treatment,the average noise intensity of the job post was reduced by 20.9 dB(A),and the number of operators in the stamping production line was reduced from 24 to 9 persons. Risk assessment results showed that the risk of high frequency hearing loss caused by noise and noise deafness was 39.9%-63.3% and 19.1%-42.1% before treatment respectively,and both the risks were lower than 5% after treatment. [Conclusion]The engineering noise reduction methods are effective and feasible,with the obvious effect of noise reduction,and the expected target is achieved,which has the value of popularization and application.
[Objective]To evaluate the noise intensity and the risk of workers' hearing loss before and after the engineering management in stamping production line of a large automobile manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan City,provide reference for noise hazard management of similar enterprises. [Methods]On-site investigation of the stamping production line in the enterprise was conducted. The noise intensity of the job post was measured before and after the engineering management and the hearing loss risk were calculated. [Results]After the engineering treatment,the average noise intensity of the job post was reduced by 20.9 dB(A),and the number of operators in the stamping production line was reduced from 24 to 9 persons. Risk assessment results showed that the risk of high frequency hearing loss caused by noise and noise deafness was 39.9%-63.3% and 19.1%-42.1% before treatment respectively,and both the risks were lower than 5% after treatment. [Conclusion]The engineering noise reduction methods are effective and feasible,with the obvious effect of noise reduction,and the expected target is achieved,which has the value of popularization and application.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所物理因素测量第8部分:噪声:GBZ/T 189.8-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:1-2.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:5-6.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所职业病危害作业分级第4部分:噪声:GBZ/T 229.4-2012[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:2-3.
[4]国家安全生产监督管理总局.噪声职业病危害风险管理指南:AQ/T 4276-2016[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2017:3-6.
[5]吴琨,祁成,刘富英,等.两个参数评价汽车制造业脉冲噪声作业达标率的比较[J].职业与健康,2008,24(12):1148-1149.
[6]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业性噪声聋的诊断:GBZ 49-2014[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:1-3.
[7]张晓玲,叶明宪.某汽车制造企业职业危害特点与管理对策[J].职业与健康,2011,27(9):961-966.
[8]廖海红.汽车制造业职业危害与防护措施评价研究[J].工业安全与环保,2006,32(8):55-57.
[9]张莉,张文勇,杨跃林.某汽车制造企业的职业危害因素研究[J].现代预防医学,2011,38(11):2011-2014.
[10]刘素香,刘俊玲,孙继娥.某汽车制造公司职业危害现况调查[J].环境与职业医学,2008,25(3):295-297.
[11]陈维民,曹喜滨,高乃光.冲压噪声分析及其控制[J].锻压技术,1993,18(1):32-35.
[12]周国伟,胡在方,张志旭.某汽车制造企业职业卫生现况调查[J].首都公共卫生,2009,3(3):124-126.
[13]鲜莉,何长春.某汽车制造公司职业危害因素的现状调查[J].中外医学研究,2012,10(14):50-51.
[14]何跃,谢源明,曾海平,等.汽车冲压生产线的噪声控制[J].职业安全,2011(2):96-97.
[15]郝滨海.冲压车间噪声源分析及防治措施[J].噪声与振动控制,2000(6):35-36.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:5-6.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所职业病危害作业分级第4部分:噪声:GBZ/T 229.4-2012[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:2-3.
[4]国家安全生产监督管理总局.噪声职业病危害风险管理指南:AQ/T 4276-2016[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2017:3-6.
[5]吴琨,祁成,刘富英,等.两个参数评价汽车制造业脉冲噪声作业达标率的比较[J].职业与健康,2008,24(12):1148-1149.
[6]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业性噪声聋的诊断:GBZ 49-2014[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:1-3.
[7]张晓玲,叶明宪.某汽车制造企业职业危害特点与管理对策[J].职业与健康,2011,27(9):961-966.
[8]廖海红.汽车制造业职业危害与防护措施评价研究[J].工业安全与环保,2006,32(8):55-57.
[9]张莉,张文勇,杨跃林.某汽车制造企业的职业危害因素研究[J].现代预防医学,2011,38(11):2011-2014.
[10]刘素香,刘俊玲,孙继娥.某汽车制造公司职业危害现况调查[J].环境与职业医学,2008,25(3):295-297.
[11]陈维民,曹喜滨,高乃光.冲压噪声分析及其控制[J].锻压技术,1993,18(1):32-35.
[12]周国伟,胡在方,张志旭.某汽车制造企业职业卫生现况调查[J].首都公共卫生,2009,3(3):124-126.
[13]鲜莉,何长春.某汽车制造公司职业危害因素的现状调查[J].中外医学研究,2012,10(14):50-51.
[14]何跃,谢源明,曾海平,等.汽车冲压生产线的噪声控制[J].职业安全,2011(2):96-97.
[15]郝滨海.冲压车间噪声源分析及防治措施[J].噪声与振动控制,2000(6):35-36.