塔北地区寒武系白云岩储层裂缝充填特征与有效性
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摘要
塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩储层具有年代老、埋深大、成岩作用强烈的特征,原生孔隙几乎被破坏殆尽,有效裂缝的发育程度是决定储层优劣的关键因素。根据岩芯描述、薄片鉴定、FMI成像测井、扫描电镜、阴极发光、电子探针以及流体包裹体分析等研究手段,开展了塔里木盆地北部地区(简称"塔北地区")寒武系白云岩储层的裂缝充填特征及有效性分析。塔北地区整体裂缝发育,天山南地区与塔河地区裂缝在产状、线密度、形态以及充填特征上存在差异。天山南地区裂缝线密度与有效性均低于塔河地区,充填矿物主要为自形白云石与石英,其次为方解石、石膏与黄铁矿。充填白云石分为3期,对应的温度区间分别为70℃～90℃、90℃～110℃及110℃以上,均为地层内的成岩流体成因;充填石英分两期,第一期为黏土矿物转化蚀变形成,第二期可能为热液成因。塔河地区裂缝线密度高,有效性较好,溶蚀作用发育,是有利的勘探地区,其充填物以热液矿物组合形式出现,主要为方解石,其次为石膏、鞍状白云石、黏土矿物、沥青等,重晶石以交代白云石的形式出现。充填方解石分为4期,对应的温度区间分别为70℃～100℃、100℃～130℃、130℃～180℃及180℃以上,前3期充填为不同埋深时期地层内成岩流体成因,最后一期充填为自下部运移而来的高温热液流体成因。
The Cambrian dolomite reservoir in Tarim Basin is characterized by old age,deep burial and strong diagenesis, whose primary porosity is almost completely destroyed,and the development of effective fracture is the key to the quality of reservoir.Research on the effectiveness and filling characteristics of the fractures of Cambrian dolomite reservoir in the northern Tarim Basin is based on the core and thin-sections,formation microscanner image(FMI)logging,scanning electron microscope(SEM),cathode luminescence microscope(CLM),electron microprobe and fluid inclusion methods.The results indicate that the fracture is growing in the northern Tarim Basin,in which the fractures in the southern Tianshan area and Tahe area are different in occurrence,linear density,shapes and the filling characteristics.In the southern Tianshan area,the linear density and effectiveness of fractures are lower than those in Tahe area,and the filling minerals are dominated by idiomorphic dolomite and quartz,followed by calcite,gypsum and pyrite. Dolomite-filling is divided into three stages and the corresponding temperature ranges are 70 ℃-90 ℃,90 ℃-110 ℃ and more than 110 ℃,which are caused by diagenetic fluid in strata;the quartz-filling is divided into two phases,the first is caused by the clay minerals alteration,and the second may be the hydrothermal genesis.Tahe area,in which the linear density and effectiveness of fractures are well and the dissolution develops,is a favorable exploration zone;the filling minerals are made of hydrothermal minerals,which are dominated by calcite and followed by gypsum,saddle dolomite,clay mineral,asphalt,etc.,and the barite occurs in the form of metasomatic dolomite.Calcite-filling is four times in Tahe area and the corresponding temperature ranges are 70℃-100℃,100℃-130℃,130℃-180℃and more than 180℃,among the first three periods are the genesis of diagenetic fluid in different buried depth,and the last one is caused by high temperature hydrothermal fluid from the lower migration.
The Cambrian dolomite reservoir in Tarim Basin is characterized by old age,deep burial and strong diagenesis, whose primary porosity is almost completely destroyed,and the development of effective fracture is the key to the quality of reservoir.Research on the effectiveness and filling characteristics of the fractures of Cambrian dolomite reservoir in the northern Tarim Basin is based on the core and thin-sections,formation microscanner image(FMI)logging,scanning electron microscope(SEM),cathode luminescence microscope(CLM),electron microprobe and fluid inclusion methods.The results indicate that the fracture is growing in the northern Tarim Basin,in which the fractures in the southern Tianshan area and Tahe area are different in occurrence,linear density,shapes and the filling characteristics.In the southern Tianshan area,the linear density and effectiveness of fractures are lower than those in Tahe area,and the filling minerals are dominated by idiomorphic dolomite and quartz,followed by calcite,gypsum and pyrite. Dolomite-filling is divided into three stages and the corresponding temperature ranges are 70 ℃-90 ℃,90 ℃-110 ℃ and more than 110 ℃,which are caused by diagenetic fluid in strata;the quartz-filling is divided into two phases,the first is caused by the clay minerals alteration,and the second may be the hydrothermal genesis.Tahe area,in which the linear density and effectiveness of fractures are well and the dissolution develops,is a favorable exploration zone;the filling minerals are made of hydrothermal minerals,which are dominated by calcite and followed by gypsum,saddle dolomite,clay mineral,asphalt,etc.,and the barite occurs in the form of metasomatic dolomite.Calcite-filling is four times in Tahe area and the corresponding temperature ranges are 70℃-100℃,100℃-130℃,130℃-180℃and more than 180℃,among the first three periods are the genesis of diagenetic fluid in different buried depth,and the last one is caused by high temperature hydrothermal fluid from the lower migration.
引文
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