腐植酸尿素施用量及不同配比对新疆膜下滴灌棉花产量及氮肥利用的影响
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摘要
以新疆膜下滴灌棉田为试材,研究腐植酸与常规尿素不同配比对棉花产量和氮肥利用率的影响。试验设8个处理,CK:不施氮肥;常规尿素:施N 225kg/hm~2;Ⅰ型腐植酸尿素(腐植酸质量分数1‰):施N225kg/hm~2;Ⅱ型腐植酸尿素(腐植酸质量分数2‰):施N 225kg/hm~2;Ⅲ型腐植酸尿素(腐植酸质量分数3‰):施N 225kg/hm~2;Ⅳ型腐植酸尿素(腐植酸质量分数4‰):施N 225kg/hm~2;Ⅴ型腐植酸尿素(腐植酸质量分数5‰):施N 225kg/hm~2;Ⅲ型腐植酸尿素减量10%:施N 202.5kg/hm~2。测定棉花干物质、氮素吸收量和产量,研究腐殖酸尿素配施不同比例常规尿素对棉花干物质、氮素吸收、产量的影响。结果表明:(1)与常规尿素相比,Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型腐殖酸尿素都能显著增加棉花干物质和产量,增产3.74%～7.52%,其中Ⅴ型腐殖酸尿素的增产效果最好,而Ⅰ型腐殖酸尿素、90%Ⅲ型腐殖酸尿素与常规尿素效果相当。(2)与常规尿素相比,Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型腐殖酸尿素都显著增加了棉花N素吸收量,提高棉花氮肥利用率,氮肥利用率增加4.50%～9.79%。(3)90%Ⅲ型腐殖酸尿素与常规尿素的棉花N素吸收量大体相同,但氮肥利用率增加6.110%。因此,新疆滴灌棉田应用腐殖酸与常规尿素配施能提高棉花产量以及氮肥利用率,其中Ⅴ型腐植酸尿素效果最好。
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of humic acid and common urea with different application proportion on plant dry matters,nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton.Eight treatments were designed,including CK(N 0 kg/hm~2),common urea(N 225 kg/hm~2),humic acidⅠ(1‰humic acid)+N 225 kg/hm~2,humic acidⅡ(2‰ humic acid)+N 225 kg/hm~2,humic acidⅢ(3‰ humic acid)+N 225 kg/hm~2,humic acidⅣ(4‰ humic acid)+N 225 kg/hm~2,humic acidⅤ(5‰ humic acid)+N 225 kg/hm~2,and 90% proportion of humic acidⅢ+N 202.5 kg/hm~2,to explore the effects of humic acid and common urea with different application proportions on plant dry matters,nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton.The results showed that:(1)compared with common urea,humic acidⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴcould significantly increase the plant dry matters and yield,the yield was increased by3.74%-7.52%,humic acidⅤ has the best effect.Humic acidⅠ,90% humic acidⅢand common urea treatments showed no significant difference;(2)compared with common urea,the application of humic acidⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴcould significantly increase the nitrogen uptake and N utilization,the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 4.50%-9.79%;(3)The nitrogen uptake between 90%humic acidⅢand common urea treatments showed no significant difference,but the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency increased 6.11%.Therefore the application rate of humic acid combined with common urea increased the yield and utilization rate of nitrogen in cotton under drip irrigation,humic acidⅤhas the best effect.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of humic acid and common urea with different application proportion on plant dry matters,nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton.Eight treatments were designed,including CK(N 0 kg/hm~2),common urea(N 225 kg/hm~2),humic acidⅠ(1‰humic acid)+N 225 kg/hm~2,humic acidⅡ(2‰ humic acid)+N 225 kg/hm~2,humic acidⅢ(3‰ humic acid)+N 225 kg/hm~2,humic acidⅣ(4‰ humic acid)+N 225 kg/hm~2,humic acidⅤ(5‰ humic acid)+N 225 kg/hm~2,and 90% proportion of humic acidⅢ+N 202.5 kg/hm~2,to explore the effects of humic acid and common urea with different application proportions on plant dry matters,nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton.The results showed that:(1)compared with common urea,humic acidⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴcould significantly increase the plant dry matters and yield,the yield was increased by3.74%-7.52%,humic acidⅤ has the best effect.Humic acidⅠ,90% humic acidⅢand common urea treatments showed no significant difference;(2)compared with common urea,the application of humic acidⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴcould significantly increase the nitrogen uptake and N utilization,the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 4.50%-9.79%;(3)The nitrogen uptake between 90%humic acidⅢand common urea treatments showed no significant difference,but the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency increased 6.11%.Therefore the application rate of humic acid combined with common urea increased the yield and utilization rate of nitrogen in cotton under drip irrigation,humic acidⅤhas the best effect.
引文
[1]孙克刚,张运红,杜君,等.尿素添加不同增效剂对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(1):45-47.SUN K G,ZHANG Y H,DU J,et al.Effects of urea added with different fertilizer synergists on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2017(1):45-47.
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[6]张磊,徐胜涛,米俊珍,等.植物生长营养液对不同水分条件下马铃薯生理特性及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(1):59-64.ZHANG L,XU SH T,MI J ZH,et al.Effect of plant growth nutrient solution on potato physiological characters and yield under different water conditions[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,29(1):59-64.
[7]孙旭东,孙浒,董树亭,等.包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米产量和氮素积累特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2179-2188.SUN X D,SUN H,DONG SH T,et al.Effect of coated-ureaapplication times on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2179-2188.
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[9]李兴杰,胡笑涛,杨鑫,等.腐植酸对水培生菜生长和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(11):1679-1685.LI X J,HU X T,YANG X,et al.Effect of humic acid application on growth and quality of lettuce in hydroponic culture[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2016,25(11):1679-1685.
[10]刘艳丽,丁方军,谷端银,等.不同活化处理腐植酸-尿素对褐土小麦-玉米产量及有机碳氮矿化的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(1):42-48.LIU Y L,DING F J,GU D Y,et al.Characteristics of wheatmaize yield and soil organic carbon/nitrogen mineralization in cinnamon soil with application of different activation humic acid-urea[J].Soils,2015,47(1):42-48.
[11]曾宪成.腐植酸从哪里来,到哪里去[J].腐植酸,2012(4):1-10.ZENG X CH.Humic acid returning where it comes[J].Humic Acid,2012(4):1-10.
[12]AKHTAR K,SHAH S N M,ALI A,et al.Effects of humic acid and crop residues on soil and wheat nitrogen contents[J].American Journal of Plant Sciences,2014,5(9):1277-1284.
[13]SHARIF M,KHATTAK R,SARIR M.Residual effect of humic acid and chemical fertilizers on maize yield and nutrient accumulation[J].Sarhad Journal of Agriculture,2003(19):543-550.
[14]梁宗存,武丽萍,成绍鑫.煤中腐植酸与尿素作用机理及其反应产物的组成结构研究[J].腐植酸,1996(3):8-10.LIANG Z C,WU L P,CHENG SH X.Study on the action mechanism of humic acids derived from coal and urea and the composition and structure of reaction products[J].Humic Acid,1996(3):8-10.
[15]刘增兵,赵秉强,林治安.腐植酸尿素氨挥发特性及影响因素研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(1):208-213.LIU Z B,ZHAO B Q,LIN ZH A.Ammonia volatilization characteristics and related affecting factors of humic acid urea[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(1):208-213.
[16]ERTANI A,PIZZEGHELLO D,BAGLIERI A,et al.Humic-like substances from agro-industrial residues affect growth and nitrogen assimilation in maize(Zea mays L.)plantlets[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2013,129:103-111.
[17]CANELLAS L P,OLIVARES F L,AGUIAR N O,et al.Humic and fulvic acids as biostimulants in horticulture[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2015,196:15-27.
[18]赵秉强.发展尿素增值技术,促进尿素产品技术升级[J].磷肥与复肥,2013,28(2):4-6.ZHAI B Q.Developing value-added urea technology to promote technology upgrade of urea[J].Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer,2013,28(2):4-6.
[19]袁亮,赵秉强,林治安,等.增值尿素对小麦产量,氮肥利用率及肥料氮在土壤剖面中分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):620-628.YUAN L,ZHAO B Q,LIN ZH A,et al.Effects of valueadded urea on wheat yield and N use efficiency and the distribution of residual N in soil profiles[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(3):620-628.
[20]庄振东,李絮花.腐植酸氮肥对玉米产量,氮肥利用及氮肥损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1232-1239.ZHUANG ZH D,LI X H.Effects of humic acid nitrogen fertilization on corn yield,nitrogen utilization and nitrogen loss[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(5):1232-1239.
[21]程亮,张保林,王杰,等.腐植酸肥料的研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(5):1-6.CHENG L,ZHANG B L,WANG J,et al.Research progress of humic-acid containing fertilizer[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2011(5):1-6.
[22]刘增兵,赵秉强,林治安.熔融造粒腐植酸尿素的缓释性能研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1444-1449.LIU Z B,ZHAO B Q,LIN ZH A.Study on slow release property of melting granulating humic acid urea[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2009,15(6):1444-1449.
[23]梁宗存,成绍鑫,武丽萍.煤中腐植酸与尿素相互作用机理的研究[J].燃料化学学报,1999,27(2):176-181.LIANG Z C,CHENG SH X,WU L P.Study on mechanism of interaction between coal humic acid and urea[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,1999,27(2):176-181.
[24]DONG L,CRDOVA-KREYLOS A L,YANG J,et al.Humic acids buffer the effects of urea on soil ammonia oxidizers and potential nitrification[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41(8):1612-1621.
[25]REEZA A A,AHMED O H,NIK MUHAMAD N A M,et al.Reducing ammonia loss from urea by mixing with humic and fulvic acids isolated from coal[J].American Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,5(3):420-426.
[26]林海涛,江丽华,刘兆辉,等.腐植酸尿素新型生产工艺及田间应用效果研究[J].腐植酸,2010(4):9-16.LIN H T,JIANG L H,LIU ZH H,et al.New type of production engineering for humic-acid-urea and its effectiveness in field[J].Humic Acid,2010(4):9-16.
[27]翟勇,李玮,史力超,等.腐殖酸尿素对滴灌棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]中国棉花,2016,43(5):27-31.ZHAI Y,LI W,SHI L CH,et al.Effect of Humic acid urea on cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency under drip irrigation[J].China Cotton,2016,43(5):27-31.
[28]AKHTAR K,SHAH S N M,ALI A,et al.Effects of humic acid and crop residues on soil and wheat nitrogen contents[J].American Journal of Plant Sciences,2014,5(9):1277-1284.
[2]张运红,孙克刚,杜君,等.海藻寡糖增效尿素对水稻光合特性及碳代谢产物积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(1):54-59.ZHANG Y H,SUN K G,DU J,et al.Effects of alginate-derived oligosaccharides synergistic urea on the photosynthetic characteristics and accumulation of carbon metabolites in rice[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2016(1):54-59.
[3]钟茜,巨晓棠,张福锁.华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系对氮素环境承受力分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):285-293.ZHONG Q,JU X T,ZHANG F S.Analysis of environmental endurance of winter wheat/summer maize rotation system to nitrogen in North China Plain[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2006,12(3):285-293.
[4]周勇明,商照聪,宝德俊,等.海藻酸尿素对夏玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(3):23-26.ZHOU Y M,SHANG ZH C,BAO D J,et al.Effect of applying alginic acid urea on summer maize yield and N use efficiency[J].Soil and Fertilizer in China,2014(3):23-26.
[5]李万涛,王开勇.2种材料与复合肥配施对提高棉花氮肥利用率的影响[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(3):513-518.LI W T,WANG K Y.Effect of two kinds of new materials and compound fertilizers applying on cotton nitrogen use efficiency in field[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2018,31(3):513-518.
[6]张磊,徐胜涛,米俊珍,等.植物生长营养液对不同水分条件下马铃薯生理特性及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(1):59-64.ZHANG L,XU SH T,MI J ZH,et al.Effect of plant growth nutrient solution on potato physiological characters and yield under different water conditions[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,29(1):59-64.
[7]孙旭东,孙浒,董树亭,等.包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米产量和氮素积累特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2179-2188.SUN X D,SUN H,DONG SH T,et al.Effect of coated-ureaapplication times on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2179-2188.
[8]刘红恩,张胜男,刘世亮,等.腐植酸尿素对冬小麦产量、养分吸收利用和土壤养分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,28(7):944-952.LIU H E,ZHANG SH N,LIU SH L,et al.Effect of humic acid urea on grain yield,nutrient uptake and utilization and soil nutrient of winter wheat[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2018,28(7):944-952.
[9]李兴杰,胡笑涛,杨鑫,等.腐植酸对水培生菜生长和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(11):1679-1685.LI X J,HU X T,YANG X,et al.Effect of humic acid application on growth and quality of lettuce in hydroponic culture[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2016,25(11):1679-1685.
[10]刘艳丽,丁方军,谷端银,等.不同活化处理腐植酸-尿素对褐土小麦-玉米产量及有机碳氮矿化的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(1):42-48.LIU Y L,DING F J,GU D Y,et al.Characteristics of wheatmaize yield and soil organic carbon/nitrogen mineralization in cinnamon soil with application of different activation humic acid-urea[J].Soils,2015,47(1):42-48.
[11]曾宪成.腐植酸从哪里来,到哪里去[J].腐植酸,2012(4):1-10.ZENG X CH.Humic acid returning where it comes[J].Humic Acid,2012(4):1-10.
[12]AKHTAR K,SHAH S N M,ALI A,et al.Effects of humic acid and crop residues on soil and wheat nitrogen contents[J].American Journal of Plant Sciences,2014,5(9):1277-1284.
[13]SHARIF M,KHATTAK R,SARIR M.Residual effect of humic acid and chemical fertilizers on maize yield and nutrient accumulation[J].Sarhad Journal of Agriculture,2003(19):543-550.
[14]梁宗存,武丽萍,成绍鑫.煤中腐植酸与尿素作用机理及其反应产物的组成结构研究[J].腐植酸,1996(3):8-10.LIANG Z C,WU L P,CHENG SH X.Study on the action mechanism of humic acids derived from coal and urea and the composition and structure of reaction products[J].Humic Acid,1996(3):8-10.
[15]刘增兵,赵秉强,林治安.腐植酸尿素氨挥发特性及影响因素研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(1):208-213.LIU Z B,ZHAO B Q,LIN ZH A.Ammonia volatilization characteristics and related affecting factors of humic acid urea[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(1):208-213.
[16]ERTANI A,PIZZEGHELLO D,BAGLIERI A,et al.Humic-like substances from agro-industrial residues affect growth and nitrogen assimilation in maize(Zea mays L.)plantlets[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2013,129:103-111.
[17]CANELLAS L P,OLIVARES F L,AGUIAR N O,et al.Humic and fulvic acids as biostimulants in horticulture[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2015,196:15-27.
[18]赵秉强.发展尿素增值技术,促进尿素产品技术升级[J].磷肥与复肥,2013,28(2):4-6.ZHAI B Q.Developing value-added urea technology to promote technology upgrade of urea[J].Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer,2013,28(2):4-6.
[19]袁亮,赵秉强,林治安,等.增值尿素对小麦产量,氮肥利用率及肥料氮在土壤剖面中分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):620-628.YUAN L,ZHAO B Q,LIN ZH A,et al.Effects of valueadded urea on wheat yield and N use efficiency and the distribution of residual N in soil profiles[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(3):620-628.
[20]庄振东,李絮花.腐植酸氮肥对玉米产量,氮肥利用及氮肥损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1232-1239.ZHUANG ZH D,LI X H.Effects of humic acid nitrogen fertilization on corn yield,nitrogen utilization and nitrogen loss[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(5):1232-1239.
[21]程亮,张保林,王杰,等.腐植酸肥料的研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(5):1-6.CHENG L,ZHANG B L,WANG J,et al.Research progress of humic-acid containing fertilizer[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2011(5):1-6.
[22]刘增兵,赵秉强,林治安.熔融造粒腐植酸尿素的缓释性能研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1444-1449.LIU Z B,ZHAO B Q,LIN ZH A.Study on slow release property of melting granulating humic acid urea[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2009,15(6):1444-1449.
[23]梁宗存,成绍鑫,武丽萍.煤中腐植酸与尿素相互作用机理的研究[J].燃料化学学报,1999,27(2):176-181.LIANG Z C,CHENG SH X,WU L P.Study on mechanism of interaction between coal humic acid and urea[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,1999,27(2):176-181.
[24]DONG L,CRDOVA-KREYLOS A L,YANG J,et al.Humic acids buffer the effects of urea on soil ammonia oxidizers and potential nitrification[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41(8):1612-1621.
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