进口自由化、网络位置与加成率——基于上下游行业关联视角
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摘要
进口自由化是新一轮对外开放的重要举措。从行业关联视角入手,发现上游进口自由化通过中间品采购成本与产品质量两方面作用于企业加成率,且作用效果随下游行业网络位置不同而存在差异。运用中国工业企业数据库、投入产出表、联合国商品贸易统计数据库的数据,研究给出了上游进口自由化、网络位置和加成率的衡量指标与测算方法,并采用固定效应模型、双重差分倾向匹配法进行实证检验。结果表明:上游进口自由化显著提升了下游企业加成率,且提升效果在网络位置优越的下游行业中更为明显,这些结论对深化进口自由化改革、实施差异化行业管理措施提供了启示。
Import liberalization is an important facility of the new opening-up.In perspective of industry association,it is found that the upstream import liberalization acts on downstream firms' markups through procurement costs and product quality,and its effect varies with different network location.Based on the China industrial enterprise database,Input-Output table and United Nations commodity trade statistics database,the index and calculating method of upstream import liberalization,network location and markups is displayed.Besides,the fixed effects model and PSM-DID are employed in the empirical analysis.The results show that the upstream import liberalization increases the downstream firms' markups significantly,and the network location of downstream industry produce an up-regulated effect on it.The findings provide enlightenment for motivating the import liberalization reform and measuring different industries' management.
Import liberalization is an important facility of the new opening-up.In perspective of industry association,it is found that the upstream import liberalization acts on downstream firms' markups through procurement costs and product quality,and its effect varies with different network location.Based on the China industrial enterprise database,Input-Output table and United Nations commodity trade statistics database,the index and calculating method of upstream import liberalization,network location and markups is displayed.Besides,the fixed effects model and PSM-DID are employed in the empirical analysis.The results show that the upstream import liberalization increases the downstream firms' markups significantly,and the network location of downstream industry produce an up-regulated effect on it.The findings provide enlightenment for motivating the import liberalization reform and measuring different industries' management.
引文
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[4] 余淼杰.中国的贸易自由化与制造业企业生产率[J].经济研究,2010,45(12).
[5] Epifani P,Gancia G.Trade,Markup Heterogeneity and Misallocations[J].Journal of International Economics,2011,83(1).
[6] 刘啟仁,黄建忠.异质出口倾向、学习效应与“低加成率陷阱”[J].经济研究,2015,50(12).
[7] Noria G L.The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Manufacturing Price Cost Margins:The Case of Mexico,1994—2003[R].Working Papers,2013,128(15).
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[10] 孙浦阳,蒋为,陈惟.外资自由化、技术距离与中国企业出口——基于上下游产业关联视角[J].管理世界,2015(11).
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[12] Kugler M,Verhoogen E .Prices,Plant Size,and Product Quality[J].The Review of Economic Studies,2012,79(1).
[13] 钱锡红,杨永福,徐万里.企业网络位置、吸收能力与创新绩效——一个交互效应模型[J].管理世界,2010(5).
[14] 马述忠,任婉婉,吴国杰.一国农产品贸易网络特征及其对全球价值链分工的影响——基于社会网络分析视角[J].管理世界,2016(3).
[15] De Loecker J,Warzynski F.Markups and Firm-Level Export Status[J].The American Economic Review,2012,102(6).
[16] Levinsohn J,Petrin A.Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control For Unobservables[J].The Review of Economic Studies,2003,70(2).
[17] 盛来运,李拓,毛盛勇,付凌晖.中国全要素生产率测算与经济增长前景预测[J].统计与信息论坛,2018,33(12).
① 数据来源:https://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/en/CHN。
[2] 余淼杰,智琨.进口自由化与企业利润率[J].经济研究,2016,51(8).
[3] 赵建春,毛其淋.进口自由化如何影响中国制造业企业的创新活动?[J].世界经济研究,2015(12).
[4] 余淼杰.中国的贸易自由化与制造业企业生产率[J].经济研究,2010,45(12).
[5] Epifani P,Gancia G.Trade,Markup Heterogeneity and Misallocations[J].Journal of International Economics,2011,83(1).
[6] 刘啟仁,黄建忠.异质出口倾向、学习效应与“低加成率陷阱”[J].经济研究,2015,50(12).
[7] Noria G L.The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Manufacturing Price Cost Margins:The Case of Mexico,1994—2003[R].Working Papers,2013,128(15).
[8] 黄先海,诸竹君,宋学印.中国中间品进口企业“低加成率之谜”[J].管理世界,2016(7).
[9] 毛其淋,许家云.中间品贸易自由化提高了企业加成率吗?——来自中国的证据[J].经济学,2017,16(2).
[10] 孙浦阳,蒋为,陈惟.外资自由化、技术距离与中国企业出口——基于上下游产业关联视角[J].管理世界,2015(11).
[11] 余淼杰,李乐融.贸易自由化与进口中间品质量升级——来自中国海关产品层面的证据[J].经济学,2016,15(3).
[12] Kugler M,Verhoogen E .Prices,Plant Size,and Product Quality[J].The Review of Economic Studies,2012,79(1).
[13] 钱锡红,杨永福,徐万里.企业网络位置、吸收能力与创新绩效——一个交互效应模型[J].管理世界,2010(5).
[14] 马述忠,任婉婉,吴国杰.一国农产品贸易网络特征及其对全球价值链分工的影响——基于社会网络分析视角[J].管理世界,2016(3).
[15] De Loecker J,Warzynski F.Markups and Firm-Level Export Status[J].The American Economic Review,2012,102(6).
[16] Levinsohn J,Petrin A.Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control For Unobservables[J].The Review of Economic Studies,2003,70(2).
[17] 盛来运,李拓,毛盛勇,付凌晖.中国全要素生产率测算与经济增长前景预测[J].统计与信息论坛,2018,33(12).
① 数据来源:https://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/en/CHN。