播期对冬小麦干物质积累、分配与产量的影响
|
摘要
为探究播期对冬小麦干物质积累、分配和产量的影响,以泰农18(T18)和济麦22(J22)为试验材料,设置10月1日、8日、15日、22日、29日(分别用B1、B2、B3、B4、B5表示)共5个播期,研究了不同播期下冬小麦阶段干物质生产及其占总干物质比例、花前营养器官干物质转运和花后干物质生产对籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,推迟播期虽然降低小麦拔节前的干物质生产量及其占总干物质生产量的比例,但当播期由B1推迟至B4时,T18和J22两品种拔节—开花期阶段干物质生产量分别增加13.80%和8.41%,占总干物质比例分别由46.81%、50.75%增加至50.92%、52.39%;开花—成熟阶段干物质生产量分别增加29.67%和56.87%,占总干物质比例由32.52%、25.92%增加至40.30%、38.75%。B4播期因拔节后较高的干物质生产能力使其成熟期干物质积累量高于其它播期,并结合较高的抗倒伏能力和收获指数获得了最高产量。而其高产的光合产物,则主要依赖于花后光合物质生产及其对产量贡献率的提升。当播期继续推迟至B5播期时,其各阶段及成熟期干物质积累量低于B4播期,进而导致产量降低。本试验研究结果可为区域小麦适宜播期的确立提供理论依据。
In order to explore the effect of sowing date on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of winter wheat, two widely planted cultivars Tainong 18(T18) and Jimai 22(J22) were sown on five dates including October 1 st, 8 th, 15 th, 22 nd and 29 th(henceforth referred to as B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, respectively) to investigate the effects of sowing date on the dry matter production in winter wheat at different growing stages and its proportion in total dry matter, transport of assimilate before flowering from nutrient organs to grains, dry matter production after flowering and their contribution to the grain yield. The results showed that delayed sowing reduced the dry matter production before jointing stage and its proportion of total dry matter accumulation. However, with the sowing date delayed from B1 to B4, the dry matter production from jointing to anthesis increased by 13.80% and 8.41% for the cultivar T18 and J22, respectively, and its proportion in total dry matter increased from 46.81% and 50.75% to 50.92% and 52.39% respectively. Moreover, the dry matter production from anthesis to maturity increased by 29.67% and 56.87% for T18 and J22, and its proportion in total dry matter increased from 32.52% and 25.92% to 40.30% and 38.75%, respectively. This indicated that the highest dry matter accumulation at maturity of B4 depended on the highest dry matter production capacity after jointing, combined with a higher lodging resistance and harvest index. Additionally, the highest yield of B4 originated mainly from the improved dry matter production after flowering and its contribution to grain yield. When the sowing date was further postponed to B5, the dry matter accumulation at each stage and mature stage was lower than that on the B4 sowing date, thus resulting in a reduction of grain yield. The results of this experiment could provide theoretical bases for the confirmation of suitable sowing time of regional wheat production.
In order to explore the effect of sowing date on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of winter wheat, two widely planted cultivars Tainong 18(T18) and Jimai 22(J22) were sown on five dates including October 1 st, 8 th, 15 th, 22 nd and 29 th(henceforth referred to as B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, respectively) to investigate the effects of sowing date on the dry matter production in winter wheat at different growing stages and its proportion in total dry matter, transport of assimilate before flowering from nutrient organs to grains, dry matter production after flowering and their contribution to the grain yield. The results showed that delayed sowing reduced the dry matter production before jointing stage and its proportion of total dry matter accumulation. However, with the sowing date delayed from B1 to B4, the dry matter production from jointing to anthesis increased by 13.80% and 8.41% for the cultivar T18 and J22, respectively, and its proportion in total dry matter increased from 46.81% and 50.75% to 50.92% and 52.39% respectively. Moreover, the dry matter production from anthesis to maturity increased by 29.67% and 56.87% for T18 and J22, and its proportion in total dry matter increased from 32.52% and 25.92% to 40.30% and 38.75%, respectively. This indicated that the highest dry matter accumulation at maturity of B4 depended on the highest dry matter production capacity after jointing, combined with a higher lodging resistance and harvest index. Additionally, the highest yield of B4 originated mainly from the improved dry matter production after flowering and its contribution to grain yield. When the sowing date was further postponed to B5, the dry matter accumulation at each stage and mature stage was lower than that on the B4 sowing date, thus resulting in a reduction of grain yield. The results of this experiment could provide theoretical bases for the confirmation of suitable sowing time of regional wheat production.
引文
[1] 何中虎,庄巧生,程顺和,等. 中国小麦产业发展与科技进步[J]. 农学学报,2018,8(1):99-106.
[2] 代兴龙. 协同提高冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用率的群体构建途径研究[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[3] 周晓虎,贺明荣,代兴龙,等. 播期和播量对不同类型小麦品种产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J]. 山东农业科学,2013,45(9):65-69.
[4] 王成雨,代兴龙,石玉华,等. 氮肥水平和种植密度对冬小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(1):121-128.
[5] Dai X L,Wang Y C,Dong X C,et al. Delayed sowing can increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat[J]. The Crop Journal,2017,5(6):541-552.
[6] 李华英,代兴龙,张宇,等. 播期对冬小麦产量和抗倒性能的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报,2015,35(3):357-363.
[7] 赵荣,杨光,张英,等. 播期和密度对小麦纹枯病发病程度的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学,2007,35(32):10365-10366.
[8] 李亚敏,柴建明,孙振委,等. 小麦收获指数与产量关系研究[J]. 安徽农业科学,2008,36(2):477-479.
[9] 马冬云,郭天财,王晨阳,等. 施氮量对冬小麦灌浆期光合产物积累、转运及分配的影响[J]. 作物学报,2008,34(6):1027-1033.
[10] 崔彦生,韩江伟,曹刚,等. 冬前积温对河北省中南部麦区冬小麦适宜播期的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):195-198.
[11] 张敏,王岩岩,蔡瑞国,等. 播期推迟对冬小麦产量形成和籽粒品质的调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(2):325-330.
[12] 李筠,王龙,任立凯,等. 播期、密度和氮肥运筹对冬小麦连麦2号产量与品质的调控[J]. 麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):303-308.
[13] 薛玲珠,孙敏,高志强,等. 播期播量对旱地小麦土壤水分、干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(8):547-552,556.
[14] 王永平,商兆堂,吴建中,等. 小麦播期对干物质积累的影响分析[J]. 安徽农业科学,2008,36(12):4907-4908.
[15] 聂彦文,任永哲,高翔,等. 播期对不同感温性小麦品种生长发育及产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2018,46(6):45-50.
[16] 杨宁,潘学标,张立祯,等. 适宜播期提高农牧交错带春小麦产量和水氮利用效率[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):81-90.
[17] 何其义,邵庆勤,何克勤. 不同小麦地上部干物质积累运转及产量构成分析[J]. 安徽农学通报,2008,14(15):105-106,101.
[18] 孔丽红,赵玉路,周福平. 简述小麦干物质积累运转与高产的关系[J]. 山西农业科学,2007,35(8):6-8.
[2] 代兴龙. 协同提高冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用率的群体构建途径研究[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[3] 周晓虎,贺明荣,代兴龙,等. 播期和播量对不同类型小麦品种产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J]. 山东农业科学,2013,45(9):65-69.
[4] 王成雨,代兴龙,石玉华,等. 氮肥水平和种植密度对冬小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(1):121-128.
[5] Dai X L,Wang Y C,Dong X C,et al. Delayed sowing can increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat[J]. The Crop Journal,2017,5(6):541-552.
[6] 李华英,代兴龙,张宇,等. 播期对冬小麦产量和抗倒性能的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报,2015,35(3):357-363.
[7] 赵荣,杨光,张英,等. 播期和密度对小麦纹枯病发病程度的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学,2007,35(32):10365-10366.
[8] 李亚敏,柴建明,孙振委,等. 小麦收获指数与产量关系研究[J]. 安徽农业科学,2008,36(2):477-479.
[9] 马冬云,郭天财,王晨阳,等. 施氮量对冬小麦灌浆期光合产物积累、转运及分配的影响[J]. 作物学报,2008,34(6):1027-1033.
[10] 崔彦生,韩江伟,曹刚,等. 冬前积温对河北省中南部麦区冬小麦适宜播期的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):195-198.
[11] 张敏,王岩岩,蔡瑞国,等. 播期推迟对冬小麦产量形成和籽粒品质的调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(2):325-330.
[12] 李筠,王龙,任立凯,等. 播期、密度和氮肥运筹对冬小麦连麦2号产量与品质的调控[J]. 麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):303-308.
[13] 薛玲珠,孙敏,高志强,等. 播期播量对旱地小麦土壤水分、干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(8):547-552,556.
[14] 王永平,商兆堂,吴建中,等. 小麦播期对干物质积累的影响分析[J]. 安徽农业科学,2008,36(12):4907-4908.
[15] 聂彦文,任永哲,高翔,等. 播期对不同感温性小麦品种生长发育及产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2018,46(6):45-50.
[16] 杨宁,潘学标,张立祯,等. 适宜播期提高农牧交错带春小麦产量和水氮利用效率[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):81-90.
[17] 何其义,邵庆勤,何克勤. 不同小麦地上部干物质积累运转及产量构成分析[J]. 安徽农学通报,2008,14(15):105-106,101.
[18] 孔丽红,赵玉路,周福平. 简述小麦干物质积累运转与高产的关系[J]. 山西农业科学,2007,35(8):6-8.