环境规制对绿色技术创新的影响研究——来自湖南省的证据
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摘要
环境规制是绿色技术创新的重要影响因素。通过构建基于成本最小化的理论模型,解析了环境规制对绿色技术创新的影响机理。理论研究发现,环境规制对绿色技术创新的影响方向依赖于企业实际产出水平、污染上报量及政府对企业因谎报污染量的惩罚系数。在此基础上,选取2003—2014年湖南省13个地级市的面板数据(不含湘西州),建立面板门槛模型,对环境规制影响绿色技术创新的机理进行实证检验。计量结果表明:环境规制对绿色技术创新的影响并非简单线性关系,而是呈现出显著的V形门槛特征,即不同阶段下的环境规制强度对绿色技术创新的"遵循成本效应"和"倒逼效应"具有不同的相对强度;劳动投入、资本投入对绿色技术创新具有显著的促进作用,而对外贸易开放程度则显著抑制了绿色技术创新。据此,提出增强绿色技术创新的针对性政策建议。
Environmental regulation is an important influencing factor on green technology innovation. By building a theoretical model based on cost-minimization, this paper analyzes the influencing mechanism of environmental regulation on green technology innovation. Theoretical research shows that the influence depends on the actual output, reported pollution quantity and punishment coefficient of government on enterprises for false reporting of pollution quantity. On this basis, selecting urban panel data of 13 prefecture-level cities(excluding Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture) between 2003 and 2014, the paper establishes a panel threshold model and empirically tests the influence of environmental regulation on green technology innovation. It is shown that the influence of environmental regulation on green technology innovation is not a simple linear relationship, but presents threshold characteristics of V-shape. In other words, in different periods, the intensity of environmental regulation shows different relevant intensity on "Follow-the-cost Effect" and "Backward Forcing Effect" on green technology innovation. Labor investment and capital investment have a significant positive effect on green technology innovation, while the openness of foreign trade has a significant negative one. Accordingly, targeted policy recommendations to enhance green technology innovation are put forward.
Environmental regulation is an important influencing factor on green technology innovation. By building a theoretical model based on cost-minimization, this paper analyzes the influencing mechanism of environmental regulation on green technology innovation. Theoretical research shows that the influence depends on the actual output, reported pollution quantity and punishment coefficient of government on enterprises for false reporting of pollution quantity. On this basis, selecting urban panel data of 13 prefecture-level cities(excluding Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture) between 2003 and 2014, the paper establishes a panel threshold model and empirically tests the influence of environmental regulation on green technology innovation. It is shown that the influence of environmental regulation on green technology innovation is not a simple linear relationship, but presents threshold characteristics of V-shape. In other words, in different periods, the intensity of environmental regulation shows different relevant intensity on "Follow-the-cost Effect" and "Backward Forcing Effect" on green technology innovation. Labor investment and capital investment have a significant positive effect on green technology innovation, while the openness of foreign trade has a significant negative one. Accordingly, targeted policy recommendations to enhance green technology innovation are put forward.
引文
李敬子,毛艳华,蔡敏容.2015.城市服务业对工业发展是否具有溢出效应?[J].财经研究(12):129-140.
彭文斌,路江林.2016.隐性经济视角下环境规制对工业环境污染的影响研究——以湖南省为例[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版)(6):34-40+95.
彭文斌,路江林.2017.环境规制与绿色创新政策:基于外部性的理论逻辑[J].社会科学(10):73-83.
钱俊生,杨发庭.2016.绿色技术创新是建设生态文明的重要举措[J].中国党政干部论坛(6):45-47.
王锋正,陈方圆.2018.董事会治理、环境规制与绿色技术创新——基于我国重污染行业上市公司的实证检验[J].科学学研究(2):361-369.
姚小剑,何珊,杨光磊.2018.强度维度下的环境规制对绿色技术进步的影响[J].统计与决策(6):78-82.
原毅军,谢荣辉.2016.环境规制与工业绿色生产率增长——对“强波特假说”的再检验[J].中国软科学(7):144-154.
COLE M A,ELLIOTT R,OKUBO T.2010.Trade,environmental regulations and industrial mobility:An industry-level study of japan[J].Ecological Economics,69(10):1995-2002.
DEAN T J,BROWN R L.1995.Pollution regulation as a barrier to new firm entry:Initial evidence and implications for future research[J].Academy of Management Journal,38(1):288-303.
GRAY W B.1987.The cost of regulation:OSHA,EPA and the productivity slowdown[J].The American Economic Review,77(5):998-1006.
HANSEN B E.1999.Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels:Estimation,testing,and inference[J]. Journal of Econometrics,93(2):345-368.
HORBACH J.2008.Determinants of environmental innovation-new evidence from german panel data sources[J]. Research Policy,37(1):163-173.
RUBASHKINA Y,GALEOTTI M,VERDOLINI E.2015.Environmental regulation and competitiveness: Empirical evidence on the porter hypothesis from european manufacturing sectors[J].Energy Policy,83(8):288-300.
(1)基于数据可获取性等考虑,2011年及之前的年份为全社会固定资产投资总额,2012年及之后的年份为不含农户固定资产投资总额。
(2)具体为:长沙市、株洲市、湘潭市、衡阳市、邵阳市、岳阳市、常德市、张家界市、益阳市、郴州市、永州市、怀化市、娄底市,不含湘西州。
(3)Hansen(1999)指出,需要计算估计量的一般统计量,50~200次自举样就够了。故采取100次抽样。
彭文斌,路江林.2016.隐性经济视角下环境规制对工业环境污染的影响研究——以湖南省为例[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版)(6):34-40+95.
彭文斌,路江林.2017.环境规制与绿色创新政策:基于外部性的理论逻辑[J].社会科学(10):73-83.
钱俊生,杨发庭.2016.绿色技术创新是建设生态文明的重要举措[J].中国党政干部论坛(6):45-47.
王锋正,陈方圆.2018.董事会治理、环境规制与绿色技术创新——基于我国重污染行业上市公司的实证检验[J].科学学研究(2):361-369.
姚小剑,何珊,杨光磊.2018.强度维度下的环境规制对绿色技术进步的影响[J].统计与决策(6):78-82.
原毅军,谢荣辉.2016.环境规制与工业绿色生产率增长——对“强波特假说”的再检验[J].中国软科学(7):144-154.
COLE M A,ELLIOTT R,OKUBO T.2010.Trade,environmental regulations and industrial mobility:An industry-level study of japan[J].Ecological Economics,69(10):1995-2002.
DEAN T J,BROWN R L.1995.Pollution regulation as a barrier to new firm entry:Initial evidence and implications for future research[J].Academy of Management Journal,38(1):288-303.
GRAY W B.1987.The cost of regulation:OSHA,EPA and the productivity slowdown[J].The American Economic Review,77(5):998-1006.
HANSEN B E.1999.Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels:Estimation,testing,and inference[J]. Journal of Econometrics,93(2):345-368.
HORBACH J.2008.Determinants of environmental innovation-new evidence from german panel data sources[J]. Research Policy,37(1):163-173.
RUBASHKINA Y,GALEOTTI M,VERDOLINI E.2015.Environmental regulation and competitiveness: Empirical evidence on the porter hypothesis from european manufacturing sectors[J].Energy Policy,83(8):288-300.
(1)基于数据可获取性等考虑,2011年及之前的年份为全社会固定资产投资总额,2012年及之后的年份为不含农户固定资产投资总额。
(2)具体为:长沙市、株洲市、湘潭市、衡阳市、邵阳市、岳阳市、常德市、张家界市、益阳市、郴州市、永州市、怀化市、娄底市,不含湘西州。
(3)Hansen(1999)指出,需要计算估计量的一般统计量,50~200次自举样就够了。故采取100次抽样。