低温环境下测试复合材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性的简易方法
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摘要
目前ASTM复合材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性测试标准需不断观测裂纹扩展长度。然而在低温环境下,裂纹扩展长度不易测量且过程繁琐。为克服这一缺陷,本文采用双柔度法测试复合材料低温环境下Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性,该方法的步骤与ASTM标准基本相同,但不需观测裂纹扩展长度便能获得低温下Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性。为了验证该方法的可靠性和精度,采用5件碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料双悬臂梁(DCB)试样在-10℃环境下进行Ⅰ型层间裂纹扩展实验,应用ASTM标准所推荐的三种方法及本文的双柔度法进行数据处理获得复合材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性。结果表明:ASTM标准的三种方法与双柔度法得到的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性结果一致,相对差别小于5%,而本文的双柔度法不需测量裂纹扩展长度,因此更简单,为测试低温环境下Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性提供了一种准确、简单的新方法。
The current ASTM standard for measuring the modeⅠinterlaminar fracture toughness of composite requires to measure the crack growth length,which is a very tedious and difficult process for measuring the interlaminar fracture toughness in low temperature environment.To overcome the limitation of measuring the crack growth length,a double compliances method was used to measure the modeⅠinterlaminar fracture toughness.The process of this method was nearly the same as that recommended in the ASTM,except avoiding measuring the crack growth length.To verify the accuracy of this method,five double cantilever beam(DCB)specimens made of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites were tested at-10℃ environment.The fracture toughness were determined by using the methods recommended by the ASTM standard and the present double compliances method.The result shows that the relative difference of the fracture toughness obtained from the ASTM methods and the double compliances method is within 5%.Therefore,the present paper provides a simple and reliable method for determining the modeⅠinterlaminar fracture toughness of composite in the low temperature environment.
The current ASTM standard for measuring the modeⅠinterlaminar fracture toughness of composite requires to measure the crack growth length,which is a very tedious and difficult process for measuring the interlaminar fracture toughness in low temperature environment.To overcome the limitation of measuring the crack growth length,a double compliances method was used to measure the modeⅠinterlaminar fracture toughness.The process of this method was nearly the same as that recommended in the ASTM,except avoiding measuring the crack growth length.To verify the accuracy of this method,five double cantilever beam(DCB)specimens made of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites were tested at-10℃ environment.The fracture toughness were determined by using the methods recommended by the ASTM standard and the present double compliances method.The result shows that the relative difference of the fracture toughness obtained from the ASTM methods and the double compliances method is within 5%.Therefore,the present paper provides a simple and reliable method for determining the modeⅠinterlaminar fracture toughness of composite in the low temperature environment.
引文
[1]崔海坡,温卫东,崔海涛.复合材料层合板冲击损伤及剩余强度研究进展[J].材料科学与工程学报,2005,23(3):466-472.CUI H P,WEN W D,CUI H T.Advances of study on low velocity impact damaged and residual strength of composite laminates[J].Journal of Materials Science&Engineering,2005,23(3):466-472(in Chinese).
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[3]XU W,WAAS A M.Multiple solutions in cohesive zone models of fracture[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,177:104-122.
[4]GONG Y,ZHAO L,ZHANG J,et al.Delamination propagation criterion including the effect of fiber bridging for mixed-modeⅠ/Ⅱdelamination in CFRP multidirectional laminates[J].Composites Science&Technology,2017,151:302-309
[5]ASP L E.The effects of moisture and temperature on the interlaminar delamination toughness of a carbon/epoxy composite[J].Composites Science&Technology,1998,58(6):967-977.
[6]COWLEY K D,BEAUMONT P W R.The interlaminar and intralaminar fracture toughness of carbon-fibre/polymer composites:The effect of temperature[J].Composites Science&Technology,1997,57(11):1433-1444.
[7]KALARIKKAL S G,SANKAR B V,IFJU P G.Effect of cryogenic temperature on the fracture toughness of graphite/epoxy composites[J].Journal of Engineering Materials&Technology,2006,128(2):151-157.
[8]郑锡涛,李野,GAEDKE M,等.湿热对单向复合材料层合板Ⅱ型分层特性的影响[J].航空学报,1998,19(1):107-110.ZHENG X T,LI Y,GAEDKE M,et al.Hygrothermal influence on modeⅡdelamination behavior of unidirectional composite laminates[J].Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica,1998,19(1):107-110(in Chinese).
[9]CHARALAMBOUS G,ALLEGRI G,HALLETT S R.Temperature effects on mixed modeⅠ/Ⅱdelamination under quasi-static and fatigue loading of a carbon/epoxy composite[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2015,77:75-86.
[10]管国阳,矫桂琼,潘文革.湿热环境下复合材料的混合型层间断裂特性研究[J].复合材料学报,2004,21(2):81-86.GUAN G Y,JIAO G Q,PAN W G.Experimental study on the interlaminar fracture toughness of composite laminate on hygrothermal conditions[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2004,21(2):81-86(in Chinese).
[11]ASTM International.Standard test method for modeⅠinterlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites:ASTM D5528-13[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2013.
[12]王瑞,郭兴峰,王广峰.织物增强复合材料层合板Ⅰ型层间断裂特性[J].复合材料学报,2004,21(1):68-72.WANG R,GUO X F,WANG G F.Study on the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of fabric reinforced laminates[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2004,21(1):68-72(in Chinese).
[13]GUNDERSON J D,BRU S,VILKS U.Delamination properties of translaminar-reinforced composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2003,63(10):1423-1431.
[14]TAMUZS V,TARASOVECK J F,PARIS A J.Alternative test method for interlaminar fracture toughness of composites[J].International Journal of Fracture,2007,143(3):273-276
[15]YOSHIHARA H,KAWAMURA T.ModeⅠfracture toughness estimation of wood by DCB test[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2006,37(11):2105-2113.
[16]XU W,GUO Z Z.A simple method for determining the modeⅠinterlaminar fracture toughness of composites without measuring the growing crack length[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2018,191:476-485.
[17]HASHEMI S,KINLOCH A J,WILLIAMS J G.Corrections needed in double-cantilever beam tests for assessing the interlaminar failure of fibre-composites[J].Journal of Materials Science Letters,1989,8(2):125-129.
[18]BERRY J P.Determination of fracture surface energies by the cleavage technique[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1963,34(1):62-68.
[19]KAGEYAMA K,HOJO M.Proposed methods for interlaminar fracture toughness tests of composite laminates[C]//Proceedings of the 5th U.S./Japan Conference on Composite Materials.Tokyo,1990.
[20]SUO Z,BAO G,FAN B,et al.Orthotropy rescaling and implications for fracture in composites[J].International Journal of Solids&Structures,1991,28(2):235-248.
[21]BAO G,HO S,SUO Z,et al.The role of material orthotropy in fracture specimens for composites[J].International Journal of Solids&Structures,1992,29(9),1105-1116.
[22]SUN C T,ZHENG S.Delamination characteristics of doublecantilever beam and end-notched flexure composite specimens[J].Composites Science&Technology,1996,56(4):451-459.
[2]MI Y,CRISFIELD M A,DAVIES G A O,et al.Progressive delamination using interface elements[J].Journal of Composite Materials,1998,32(14):367-386.
[3]XU W,WAAS A M.Multiple solutions in cohesive zone models of fracture[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,177:104-122.
[4]GONG Y,ZHAO L,ZHANG J,et al.Delamination propagation criterion including the effect of fiber bridging for mixed-modeⅠ/Ⅱdelamination in CFRP multidirectional laminates[J].Composites Science&Technology,2017,151:302-309
[5]ASP L E.The effects of moisture and temperature on the interlaminar delamination toughness of a carbon/epoxy composite[J].Composites Science&Technology,1998,58(6):967-977.
[6]COWLEY K D,BEAUMONT P W R.The interlaminar and intralaminar fracture toughness of carbon-fibre/polymer composites:The effect of temperature[J].Composites Science&Technology,1997,57(11):1433-1444.
[7]KALARIKKAL S G,SANKAR B V,IFJU P G.Effect of cryogenic temperature on the fracture toughness of graphite/epoxy composites[J].Journal of Engineering Materials&Technology,2006,128(2):151-157.
[8]郑锡涛,李野,GAEDKE M,等.湿热对单向复合材料层合板Ⅱ型分层特性的影响[J].航空学报,1998,19(1):107-110.ZHENG X T,LI Y,GAEDKE M,et al.Hygrothermal influence on modeⅡdelamination behavior of unidirectional composite laminates[J].Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica,1998,19(1):107-110(in Chinese).
[9]CHARALAMBOUS G,ALLEGRI G,HALLETT S R.Temperature effects on mixed modeⅠ/Ⅱdelamination under quasi-static and fatigue loading of a carbon/epoxy composite[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2015,77:75-86.
[10]管国阳,矫桂琼,潘文革.湿热环境下复合材料的混合型层间断裂特性研究[J].复合材料学报,2004,21(2):81-86.GUAN G Y,JIAO G Q,PAN W G.Experimental study on the interlaminar fracture toughness of composite laminate on hygrothermal conditions[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2004,21(2):81-86(in Chinese).
[11]ASTM International.Standard test method for modeⅠinterlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites:ASTM D5528-13[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2013.
[12]王瑞,郭兴峰,王广峰.织物增强复合材料层合板Ⅰ型层间断裂特性[J].复合材料学报,2004,21(1):68-72.WANG R,GUO X F,WANG G F.Study on the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of fabric reinforced laminates[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2004,21(1):68-72(in Chinese).
[13]GUNDERSON J D,BRU S,VILKS U.Delamination properties of translaminar-reinforced composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2003,63(10):1423-1431.
[14]TAMUZS V,TARASOVECK J F,PARIS A J.Alternative test method for interlaminar fracture toughness of composites[J].International Journal of Fracture,2007,143(3):273-276
[15]YOSHIHARA H,KAWAMURA T.ModeⅠfracture toughness estimation of wood by DCB test[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2006,37(11):2105-2113.
[16]XU W,GUO Z Z.A simple method for determining the modeⅠinterlaminar fracture toughness of composites without measuring the growing crack length[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2018,191:476-485.
[17]HASHEMI S,KINLOCH A J,WILLIAMS J G.Corrections needed in double-cantilever beam tests for assessing the interlaminar failure of fibre-composites[J].Journal of Materials Science Letters,1989,8(2):125-129.
[18]BERRY J P.Determination of fracture surface energies by the cleavage technique[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1963,34(1):62-68.
[19]KAGEYAMA K,HOJO M.Proposed methods for interlaminar fracture toughness tests of composite laminates[C]//Proceedings of the 5th U.S./Japan Conference on Composite Materials.Tokyo,1990.
[20]SUO Z,BAO G,FAN B,et al.Orthotropy rescaling and implications for fracture in composites[J].International Journal of Solids&Structures,1991,28(2):235-248.
[21]BAO G,HO S,SUO Z,et al.The role of material orthotropy in fracture specimens for composites[J].International Journal of Solids&Structures,1992,29(9),1105-1116.
[22]SUN C T,ZHENG S.Delamination characteristics of doublecantilever beam and end-notched flexure composite specimens[J].Composites Science&Technology,1996,56(4):451-459.