收入差距、社会资本与农户消费
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摘要
本文首先借助地位关注理论解释收入差距对农户消费的作用机制,然后使用中国家庭追踪调查数据库(CFPS)2010~2014年调查数据构建平衡短面板做差分回归,通过区分当前和潜在社会资本,研究社会资本在收入差距影响农户消费中的作用。本文研究得到如下结论:(1)不论是农村内部收入差距还是城乡收入差距,收入差距扩大均会显著挤压农户消费;(2)当前社会资本可能缓解城乡收入差距而非农村内部收入差距扩大对农户消费的挤压,引入地位性消费后仍然如此;(3)市场化程度较低地区的农户积累潜在社会资本的必要性较高,农户消费受收入差距的挤压更为明显,地位性消费占比更高,从而改变农户消费结构。因此,缩小收入差距有助于刺激居民消费,降低潜在社会资本存在的必要性有助于降低地位性消费,优化消费结构。
This article uses the theory of concerns for status to explain a function mechanism of income gap on farmer households' consumption behaviors, and uses data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) from 2010 to 2014 to construct a balanced short panel for regression analysis. It makes a distinction between the current social capital and potential social capital, and examines the role of social capital in the function mechanism. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, rising income inequality significantly squeezes rural consumption expenditure, be it within rural areas or between urban and rural areas.Secondly, the current social capital may alleviate the squeezing effect of rising income inequality between urban and rural areas on rural consumption, but not so for rising income inequality within rural areas, even after introducing the status consumption.Thirdly, rural regions with a lower degree of marketization have higher necessity to accumulate the potential social capital, in which farmers' consumption may be squeezed by rising income inequality in a more obvious way, and the proportion of status consumption is likely to become higher. This may change their consumption structure. Therefore, the study concludes by proposing that narrowing income gap can help stimulate rural consumption, and reducing the need for potential social capital can help reduce status consumption and optimize consumption structure.
This article uses the theory of concerns for status to explain a function mechanism of income gap on farmer households' consumption behaviors, and uses data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) from 2010 to 2014 to construct a balanced short panel for regression analysis. It makes a distinction between the current social capital and potential social capital, and examines the role of social capital in the function mechanism. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, rising income inequality significantly squeezes rural consumption expenditure, be it within rural areas or between urban and rural areas.Secondly, the current social capital may alleviate the squeezing effect of rising income inequality between urban and rural areas on rural consumption, but not so for rising income inequality within rural areas, even after introducing the status consumption.Thirdly, rural regions with a lower degree of marketization have higher necessity to accumulate the potential social capital, in which farmers' consumption may be squeezed by rising income inequality in a more obvious way, and the proportion of status consumption is likely to become higher. This may change their consumption structure. Therefore, the study concludes by proposing that narrowing income gap can help stimulate rural consumption, and reducing the need for potential social capital can help reduce status consumption and optimize consumption structure.
引文
1. 白重恩、唐燕华、张琼,2016:《中国隐性收入规模估计——基于扩展消费支出模型及数据的解读》,《经济研究》第6期。
2. 韩立岩、杜春越,2012:《收入差距、借贷水平与居民消费的地区及城乡差异》,《经济研究》第S1期。
3. 杭斌、修磊,2016:《收入不平等、信贷约束与家庭消费》,《统计研究》第8期。
4. 胡金焱、张博,2014:《社会网络、民间融资与家庭创业——基于中国城乡差异的实证分析》,《金融研究》第10 期。
5. 金烨、李宏彬、吴斌珍,2011:《收入差距与社会地位寻求:一个高储蓄率的原因》,《经济学(季刊)》第3期。
6. 李军,2003:《收入差距对消费需求影响的定量分析》,《数量经济技术经济研究》第9期。
7. 马光荣、杨恩艳,2011:《社会网络、非正规金融与创业》,《经济研究》第3期。
8. 孙铮、刘凤委、李增泉,2005:《市场化程度、政府干预与企业债务期限结构——来自我国上市公司的经验证据》,《经济研究》第5期。
9. 汪伟、郭新强,2011:《收入不平等与中国高储蓄率:基于目标性消费视角的理论与实证研究》,《管理世界》第9期。
10. 王小鲁、樊纲、余静文,2017:《中国分省份市场化指数报告(2016)》,北京:社会科学文献出版社。
11. 吴琼,2014:《主观社会地位评价标准的群体差异》,《人口与发展》第6期。
12. 臧旭恒、张继海,2005:《收入分配对中国城镇居民消费需求影响的实证分析》,《经济理论与经济管理》第6期。
13. 周广肃、樊纲、申广军,2014:《收入差距、社会资本与健康水平——基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析》,《管理世界》第7期。
14. 邹红、喻开志,2011:《劳动收入份额、城乡收入差距与中国居民消费》,《经济理论与经济管理》第3期。
15. Anggraeni,L.,2009,“Factors Influencing Participation and Credit Constraints of a Financial Self-help Group in a Remote Rural Area:The Case of ROSCA and ASCRA in Kemang Village West Java”,Journal of Applied Sciences,9(11):2067-2077.
16. Aguiar,M.,and M.Bils,2015,“Has Consumption Inequality Mirrored Income Inequality?”,American Economic Review,105(9):2725-2756.
17. Berry,H.L.,and J.A.Welsh,2010,“Social Capital and Health in Australia:An Overview from the Household,Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey”,Social Science&Medicine,70(4):588-596.
18. Blinder,A.S.,1975,“Distribution Effects and the Aggregate Consumption Function”,Journal of Political Economy,83(3):447-475.
19. Danzer,A.M.,B.Dietz,and K.Gatskova,2013,“Showing off to the New Neighbors?Income,Socioeconomic Status and Consumption Patterns of Internal Migrants”,Journal of Comparative Economics,42(1):230-245.
20. Frank,R.H.,A.S.Levine,and O.Dijk,2014,“Expenditure Cascades”,Review of Behavioral Economics,1(1-2):55-73.
21. Hopkins,E.,and T.Kornienko,2006,“Methods of Comparison in Games of Status”,ESE Discussion Papers,16(2):117-129.
22. Jellal,M.,and T.Rajhi,2003,“Croissance et Statut Social”,Revue Déconomie Politique,113(1):87-103.
23. Johansson-Stenman,O.,and P.Martinsson,2006,“Honestly,Why Are You Driving a BMW?”,Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,60(2):129-146.
24. Khan,A.R.,K.Griffin,and C.Riskin,2000,“Income Distribution in Urban China during the Period of Economic Reform and Globalization”,Chinese Economy,33(4):28-35.
25. Long,N.V.,and K.Shimomura,2004,“Relative Wealth,Status-seeking,and Catching-up”,Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,53(4):529-542.
26. Rajan,R.,2010,Fault Lines:How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy,Princeton:Princeton University Press.
27. Sivanathan,N.,and N.C.Pettit,2010,“Protecting the Self through Consumption:Status Goods as Affirmational Commodities”,Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,46(3):564-570.
(1)数据来源:http://www.stats.gov.cn/ztjc/zdtjgz/yblh/zysj/201710/t20171010_1540710.html。
(1)这些组织包括中国共产党、民主党派、县(区)及县(区)以上人大(政协)、工会、共青团、妇联、工商联、非正式联谊组织、私营企业主协会和个体劳动者协会。
2. 韩立岩、杜春越,2012:《收入差距、借贷水平与居民消费的地区及城乡差异》,《经济研究》第S1期。
3. 杭斌、修磊,2016:《收入不平等、信贷约束与家庭消费》,《统计研究》第8期。
4. 胡金焱、张博,2014:《社会网络、民间融资与家庭创业——基于中国城乡差异的实证分析》,《金融研究》第10 期。
5. 金烨、李宏彬、吴斌珍,2011:《收入差距与社会地位寻求:一个高储蓄率的原因》,《经济学(季刊)》第3期。
6. 李军,2003:《收入差距对消费需求影响的定量分析》,《数量经济技术经济研究》第9期。
7. 马光荣、杨恩艳,2011:《社会网络、非正规金融与创业》,《经济研究》第3期。
8. 孙铮、刘凤委、李增泉,2005:《市场化程度、政府干预与企业债务期限结构——来自我国上市公司的经验证据》,《经济研究》第5期。
9. 汪伟、郭新强,2011:《收入不平等与中国高储蓄率:基于目标性消费视角的理论与实证研究》,《管理世界》第9期。
10. 王小鲁、樊纲、余静文,2017:《中国分省份市场化指数报告(2016)》,北京:社会科学文献出版社。
11. 吴琼,2014:《主观社会地位评价标准的群体差异》,《人口与发展》第6期。
12. 臧旭恒、张继海,2005:《收入分配对中国城镇居民消费需求影响的实证分析》,《经济理论与经济管理》第6期。
13. 周广肃、樊纲、申广军,2014:《收入差距、社会资本与健康水平——基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析》,《管理世界》第7期。
14. 邹红、喻开志,2011:《劳动收入份额、城乡收入差距与中国居民消费》,《经济理论与经济管理》第3期。
15. Anggraeni,L.,2009,“Factors Influencing Participation and Credit Constraints of a Financial Self-help Group in a Remote Rural Area:The Case of ROSCA and ASCRA in Kemang Village West Java”,Journal of Applied Sciences,9(11):2067-2077.
16. Aguiar,M.,and M.Bils,2015,“Has Consumption Inequality Mirrored Income Inequality?”,American Economic Review,105(9):2725-2756.
17. Berry,H.L.,and J.A.Welsh,2010,“Social Capital and Health in Australia:An Overview from the Household,Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey”,Social Science&Medicine,70(4):588-596.
18. Blinder,A.S.,1975,“Distribution Effects and the Aggregate Consumption Function”,Journal of Political Economy,83(3):447-475.
19. Danzer,A.M.,B.Dietz,and K.Gatskova,2013,“Showing off to the New Neighbors?Income,Socioeconomic Status and Consumption Patterns of Internal Migrants”,Journal of Comparative Economics,42(1):230-245.
20. Frank,R.H.,A.S.Levine,and O.Dijk,2014,“Expenditure Cascades”,Review of Behavioral Economics,1(1-2):55-73.
21. Hopkins,E.,and T.Kornienko,2006,“Methods of Comparison in Games of Status”,ESE Discussion Papers,16(2):117-129.
22. Jellal,M.,and T.Rajhi,2003,“Croissance et Statut Social”,Revue Déconomie Politique,113(1):87-103.
23. Johansson-Stenman,O.,and P.Martinsson,2006,“Honestly,Why Are You Driving a BMW?”,Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,60(2):129-146.
24. Khan,A.R.,K.Griffin,and C.Riskin,2000,“Income Distribution in Urban China during the Period of Economic Reform and Globalization”,Chinese Economy,33(4):28-35.
25. Long,N.V.,and K.Shimomura,2004,“Relative Wealth,Status-seeking,and Catching-up”,Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,53(4):529-542.
26. Rajan,R.,2010,Fault Lines:How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy,Princeton:Princeton University Press.
27. Sivanathan,N.,and N.C.Pettit,2010,“Protecting the Self through Consumption:Status Goods as Affirmational Commodities”,Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,46(3):564-570.
(1)数据来源:http://www.stats.gov.cn/ztjc/zdtjgz/yblh/zysj/201710/t20171010_1540710.html。
(1)这些组织包括中国共产党、民主党派、县(区)及县(区)以上人大(政协)、工会、共青团、妇联、工商联、非正式联谊组织、私营企业主协会和个体劳动者协会。