基于岩石物理参数转换模型的页岩气含气量评价新方法研究
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摘要
页岩气在储层中主要以游离气和吸附气的形式存在,其含气量主要通过现场解吸和测井方法计算.由于页岩储层十分致密,并且常伴有微裂缝发育,这就造成了页岩储层的储集空间从纳米级孔隙到微米-毫米级的微裂缝并存的特殊情况.针对微孔和介孔段(50nm以内)的等温吸附方法,以及针对宏孔(50nm以上)的高压压汞方法在表征页岩孔隙结构上都存在着局限性.而核磁(NMR)T_2分布本身虽然能够表征孔径分布,但是需要精确刻度横向弛豫时间与孔径的关系.本文在现有方法的基础上,结合上述方法的优势,采用拼接的方式表征页岩整体孔径分布,并将核磁T_2分布刻度为孔径分布.基于横向弛豫时间和孔径的关系,结合T_2-I转换模型,采用动态参数计算页岩储层含水饱和度和含气量,这为页岩储层含气量评价提供了新的可靠的方法.
Shale gas is mainly in the form of free gas and adsorbed gas in the reservoir,the gas content of both is mainly evaluated by field desorption and logging methods.Due to shale reservoirs are very tight and often accompany micro-fractures,which leads to the special case that the reservoir space for shale reservoirs contain micro-cracks at the micrometer-millimeter scale and nano-scale pores.Both the isothermal adsorption methods for micropores and mesopores(within 50 nm)and the high-pressure mercury injection for macropores(above 50 nm)have limitations in characterizing shale pore structures. After scaled the relationship between transverse relaxation time and pore diameter accurately,the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)T_2 distribution can characterize the pore size distribution.In this paper,we combine the advantages of the above method based on the existing methods.The overall pore size distribution of shale is characterized by splicing method,and the NMR T_2 distribution is scaled to the pore size distribution.Based on the relationship between transverse relaxation time and pore diameter,the T_2-I transformation model which can obtain the dynamic parameters are used to calculate the water saturation and gas content of shale reservoirs.It provides a new and reliable method for evaluating the gas content of shale reservoirs.
Shale gas is mainly in the form of free gas and adsorbed gas in the reservoir,the gas content of both is mainly evaluated by field desorption and logging methods.Due to shale reservoirs are very tight and often accompany micro-fractures,which leads to the special case that the reservoir space for shale reservoirs contain micro-cracks at the micrometer-millimeter scale and nano-scale pores.Both the isothermal adsorption methods for micropores and mesopores(within 50 nm)and the high-pressure mercury injection for macropores(above 50 nm)have limitations in characterizing shale pore structures. After scaled the relationship between transverse relaxation time and pore diameter accurately,the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)T_2 distribution can characterize the pore size distribution.In this paper,we combine the advantages of the above method based on the existing methods.The overall pore size distribution of shale is characterized by splicing method,and the NMR T_2 distribution is scaled to the pore size distribution.Based on the relationship between transverse relaxation time and pore diameter,the T_2-I transformation model which can obtain the dynamic parameters are used to calculate the water saturation and gas content of shale reservoirs.It provides a new and reliable method for evaluating the gas content of shale reservoirs.
引文
Chen S R,Shuai Q,Gao Q,et al.2015.Analysis of the pore structure of shale in Ordos Basin by SEM with Nitrogen gas adsorption-Desorption.Rock and Mineral Analysis(in Chinese),34(6):636-642.
Guo H Z,Pan B Z,Zhang L H,et al.2016.Progress in adsorption model and calculation method of absorbed gas content of shale.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(3):1080-1087,doi:10.6038/pg20160321.
Guo Y H,Pan B Z,Zhang L H,et al.2018.Research and application of the relationship between transverse relaxation time and resistivity index in tight sandstone reservoir.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,160:597-604.
He Y D,Mao Z Q,Xiao L Z,et al.2005.An improved method of using NMR T2distribution to evaluate pore size distribution.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),48(2):373-378,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.02.020.
Huang X P,Chai J.2014.A practical discussion on oil saturation calculation using Archie formula in shale formation:Example from lower Sha3member of Zhanhua sag.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency(in Chinese),21(4):58-61.
Langmuir I.1918.The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass,mica and platinum.Journal of the American Chemical Society,40(9):1361-1403.
Li N,Wang B,Xing Y J,et al.2013.Auto-classification and evaluation of reservoirs with logs based on capillary pressure curves.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),37(6):653-657.
Li Z,Ming L,Zhou Y P.2000.Measurement and theoretical analysis of the adsorption of supercritical methane on superactivated carbon.Science in China Series B:Chemistry,43(2):143-153.
Ross D J K,Bustin R M.2007.Shale gas potential of the Lower Jurassic Gordondale Member,northeastern British Columbia,Canada.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,55(1):51-75.
Shi W R,Guo M Y,Zhang Z S,et al.2015.Case study on adsorption and desorption gas experiment measurement of shale gas.Science Technology and Engineering(in Chinese),15(7):167-172.
Sondergeld C H,Ambrose R J,Rai C S,et al.2010.Microstructural studies of gas shales.∥Proceedings of SPE Unconventional Gas Conference.Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA:SPE.
Sun J C,Chen J P,Yang Z M,et al.2012.Experimental study of the NMR characteristics of shale reservoir rock.Science&Technology Review(in Chinese),30(14):25-30.
Wads9I,Robert N G.2011.Standards in isothermal microcalorimetry.Pure and Applied Chemistry,73(10):1625-1639.
Wu Q H,Li X B,Liu H L,et al.2011.Log interpretations and the application of core testing technology in the shale-gas:Taking the exploration and development of the Sichuan basin as an example.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),32(3):484-488.
Yang K,Lu X C,Xu J T,et al.2013.Preliminary verification of common calculation methods of pore size distribution of shale based on gas adsorption isotherm.Journal of China Coal Society(in Chinese),38(5):817-821.
Yang Z B,Qin Y,Gao D,et al.2011.Differences between apparent and true adsorption quantity of coalbed methane under supercritical conditions and their geological significance.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),31(4):13-16.
Zhang C M,Chen Z B,Zhang Z S,et al.2007.Fractal characteristics of reservoir rock pore structure based on NMRT2distribution.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute)(in Chinese),29(4):80-86.
Zhang G H,Hou Z X,Xiong L,et al.2015.Study on logging evaluation technique for shale gas reservoirs-by taking well S1for example.Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)(in Chinese),12(8):27-32.
陈生蓉,帅琴,高强等.2015.基于扫描电镜-氮气吸脱附和压汞法的页岩孔隙结构研究.岩矿测试,34(6):636-642.
郭怀志,潘保芝,张丽华等.2016.页岩吸附模型及吸附气含气量计算方法进展.地球物理学进展,31(3):1080-1087,doi:10.6038/pg20160321.
何雨丹,毛志强,肖立志等.2005.核磁共振T2分布评价岩石孔径分布的改进方法.地球物理学报,48(2):373-378,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.02.020.
黄小平,柴婧.2014.阿尔奇公式在泥页岩地层含油饱和度计算中的应用---以沾化凹陷沙三段下亚段为例.油气地质与采收率,21(4):58-61.
李宁,王波,邢艳娟等.2013.基于毛细管压力曲线储层自动分类及测井评价.测井技术,37(6):653-657.
石文睿,郭美瑜,张占松等.2015.页岩吸附与解吸气量实验测量实例研究.科学技术与工程,15(7):167-172.
孙军昌,陈静平,杨正明等.2012.页岩储层岩芯核磁共振响应特征实验研究.科技导报,30(14):25-30.
吴庆红,李晓波,刘洪林等.2011.页岩气测井解释和岩心测试技术---以四川盆地页岩气勘探开发为例.石油学报,32(3):484-488.
杨侃,陆现彩,徐金覃等.2013.气体吸附等温线法表征页岩孔隙结构的模型适用性初探.煤炭学报,38(5):817-821.
杨兆彪,秦勇,高弟等.2011.超临界条件下煤层甲烷视吸附量、真实吸附量的差异及其地质意义.天然气工业,31(4):13-16.
张超谟,陈振标,张占松等.2007.基于核磁共振T2谱分布的储层岩石孔隙分形结构研究.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),29(4):80-86.
张国华,侯振学,熊镭等.2015.页岩气储层测井评价技术研究---以S1井为例.长江大学学报(自然科学版),12(8):27-32.
Guo H Z,Pan B Z,Zhang L H,et al.2016.Progress in adsorption model and calculation method of absorbed gas content of shale.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(3):1080-1087,doi:10.6038/pg20160321.
Guo Y H,Pan B Z,Zhang L H,et al.2018.Research and application of the relationship between transverse relaxation time and resistivity index in tight sandstone reservoir.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,160:597-604.
He Y D,Mao Z Q,Xiao L Z,et al.2005.An improved method of using NMR T2distribution to evaluate pore size distribution.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),48(2):373-378,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.02.020.
Huang X P,Chai J.2014.A practical discussion on oil saturation calculation using Archie formula in shale formation:Example from lower Sha3member of Zhanhua sag.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency(in Chinese),21(4):58-61.
Langmuir I.1918.The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass,mica and platinum.Journal of the American Chemical Society,40(9):1361-1403.
Li N,Wang B,Xing Y J,et al.2013.Auto-classification and evaluation of reservoirs with logs based on capillary pressure curves.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),37(6):653-657.
Li Z,Ming L,Zhou Y P.2000.Measurement and theoretical analysis of the adsorption of supercritical methane on superactivated carbon.Science in China Series B:Chemistry,43(2):143-153.
Ross D J K,Bustin R M.2007.Shale gas potential of the Lower Jurassic Gordondale Member,northeastern British Columbia,Canada.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,55(1):51-75.
Shi W R,Guo M Y,Zhang Z S,et al.2015.Case study on adsorption and desorption gas experiment measurement of shale gas.Science Technology and Engineering(in Chinese),15(7):167-172.
Sondergeld C H,Ambrose R J,Rai C S,et al.2010.Microstructural studies of gas shales.∥Proceedings of SPE Unconventional Gas Conference.Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA:SPE.
Sun J C,Chen J P,Yang Z M,et al.2012.Experimental study of the NMR characteristics of shale reservoir rock.Science&Technology Review(in Chinese),30(14):25-30.
Wads9I,Robert N G.2011.Standards in isothermal microcalorimetry.Pure and Applied Chemistry,73(10):1625-1639.
Wu Q H,Li X B,Liu H L,et al.2011.Log interpretations and the application of core testing technology in the shale-gas:Taking the exploration and development of the Sichuan basin as an example.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),32(3):484-488.
Yang K,Lu X C,Xu J T,et al.2013.Preliminary verification of common calculation methods of pore size distribution of shale based on gas adsorption isotherm.Journal of China Coal Society(in Chinese),38(5):817-821.
Yang Z B,Qin Y,Gao D,et al.2011.Differences between apparent and true adsorption quantity of coalbed methane under supercritical conditions and their geological significance.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),31(4):13-16.
Zhang C M,Chen Z B,Zhang Z S,et al.2007.Fractal characteristics of reservoir rock pore structure based on NMRT2distribution.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute)(in Chinese),29(4):80-86.
Zhang G H,Hou Z X,Xiong L,et al.2015.Study on logging evaluation technique for shale gas reservoirs-by taking well S1for example.Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)(in Chinese),12(8):27-32.
陈生蓉,帅琴,高强等.2015.基于扫描电镜-氮气吸脱附和压汞法的页岩孔隙结构研究.岩矿测试,34(6):636-642.
郭怀志,潘保芝,张丽华等.2016.页岩吸附模型及吸附气含气量计算方法进展.地球物理学进展,31(3):1080-1087,doi:10.6038/pg20160321.
何雨丹,毛志强,肖立志等.2005.核磁共振T2分布评价岩石孔径分布的改进方法.地球物理学报,48(2):373-378,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.02.020.
黄小平,柴婧.2014.阿尔奇公式在泥页岩地层含油饱和度计算中的应用---以沾化凹陷沙三段下亚段为例.油气地质与采收率,21(4):58-61.
李宁,王波,邢艳娟等.2013.基于毛细管压力曲线储层自动分类及测井评价.测井技术,37(6):653-657.
石文睿,郭美瑜,张占松等.2015.页岩吸附与解吸气量实验测量实例研究.科学技术与工程,15(7):167-172.
孙军昌,陈静平,杨正明等.2012.页岩储层岩芯核磁共振响应特征实验研究.科技导报,30(14):25-30.
吴庆红,李晓波,刘洪林等.2011.页岩气测井解释和岩心测试技术---以四川盆地页岩气勘探开发为例.石油学报,32(3):484-488.
杨侃,陆现彩,徐金覃等.2013.气体吸附等温线法表征页岩孔隙结构的模型适用性初探.煤炭学报,38(5):817-821.
杨兆彪,秦勇,高弟等.2011.超临界条件下煤层甲烷视吸附量、真实吸附量的差异及其地质意义.天然气工业,31(4):13-16.
张超谟,陈振标,张占松等.2007.基于核磁共振T2谱分布的储层岩石孔隙分形结构研究.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),29(4):80-86.
张国华,侯振学,熊镭等.2015.页岩气储层测井评价技术研究---以S1井为例.长江大学学报(自然科学版),12(8):27-32.