海拔与黄花苜蓿表型性状的相关性研究
|
摘要
黄花苜蓿表型性状具有丰富的多态性,受生境影响较大,尤其是经纬度、海拔,研究黄花苜蓿表型性状与海拔的相关性对揭示黄花苜蓿遗传变异规律具有重要的意义。试验以新疆黄花苜蓿为材料,通过测量同一经纬度(N43°43′,E 86°94′)不同海拔(2100～2350m)下株高、分枝数、叶、茎、花等18个表型性状,探索其变化规律,为进一步开展黄花苜蓿遗传多样性及种质创新研究提供基础数据。研究表明:海拔对表型性状的影响较大,随着海拔降低,株高、叶长、叶宽、节间长、茎粗、小花长等数值总体呈现"降-升-降"的趋势,均在海拔2150m时有明显升高,随后降低;表型指标的变异范围为1.30%～22.83%,平均变异系数为8.49%;海拔与株高、花序长、花柄长、龙骨瓣宽等相关性显著,相关系数分别为0.490、0.601、-0.449、-0.421,与其他指标间的相关性不显著。综合分析认为,黄花苜蓿适宜生长在海拔为2150m左右的区域。
Medicago falcata possesses an abundantly diverse array of phenotypic traits,which are influenced by habitat,and so are correlated with climatic gradients linked to altitude,latitude and longitude.This research aimed to characterise the genetic variation in M.falcata through study of correlation between the phenotypic characters of M.falcataand altitude.In this experiment,M.falcata(Variety Xinjiang)was used as the study material,and 18 phenotypic traits were studied,including plant height,number of branches,leaves,stems and flowers under the same latitude and longitude(N 43°43′,E 86°94′)over an altitude range of 2100-2350 m.These data provide a basis data for further research on genetic diversity and germplasm development in M.falcata.It was found that phenotypic traits are most variable with change in altitude.Plant height,leaf length,leaf width,internode length,stem diameter and floret length within inflorescences showed a trajectory across the altitude gradient of"declining-rising-declining"with decreasing altitude,with peak values at 2150 mof altitude.The values obtained for the phenotypic index ranged from 1.30%-22.83%,and the average coefficient of variation was 8.49%.There was a significant correlation between altitude and plant height,inflorescence length,petal length and keel width,with correlation coefficients of 0.490,0.601,-0.449and-0.421,respectively.Other phenotypic traits of M.falcata showed no significant correlation with altitude,and considering the data as a whole,an altitude of 2150 mis best suited for growth of M.falcata.
Medicago falcata possesses an abundantly diverse array of phenotypic traits,which are influenced by habitat,and so are correlated with climatic gradients linked to altitude,latitude and longitude.This research aimed to characterise the genetic variation in M.falcata through study of correlation between the phenotypic characters of M.falcataand altitude.In this experiment,M.falcata(Variety Xinjiang)was used as the study material,and 18 phenotypic traits were studied,including plant height,number of branches,leaves,stems and flowers under the same latitude and longitude(N 43°43′,E 86°94′)over an altitude range of 2100-2350 m.These data provide a basis data for further research on genetic diversity and germplasm development in M.falcata.It was found that phenotypic traits are most variable with change in altitude.Plant height,leaf length,leaf width,internode length,stem diameter and floret length within inflorescences showed a trajectory across the altitude gradient of"declining-rising-declining"with decreasing altitude,with peak values at 2150 mof altitude.The values obtained for the phenotypic index ranged from 1.30%-22.83%,and the average coefficient of variation was 8.49%.There was a significant correlation between altitude and plant height,inflorescence length,petal length and keel width,with correlation coefficients of 0.490,0.601,-0.449and-0.421,respectively.Other phenotypic traits of M.falcata showed no significant correlation with altitude,and considering the data as a whole,an altitude of 2150 mis best suited for growth of M.falcata.
引文
[1] Geng H Z.Chinese alfalfa.Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,1995:79-80.耿华珠.中国苜蓿.北京:中国农业出版社,1995:79-80.
[2] Wang J J,Yun J F,LüS J.Characteristics and utilizing value use on the germplasm of Medicago falcata.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2008,29(1):215-219.王俊杰,云锦凤,吕世杰.黄花苜蓿种质的优良特性与利用价值.内蒙古农业大学学报,2008,29(1):215-219.
[3] Zhang J,Wang Y X,Zhang B.Studies on morphological variation of flowers of Medicago falcatain Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2012,34(5):47-52.张晶,王玉祥,张博.新疆黄花苜蓿花部形态变异研究.中国草地学报,2012,34(5):47-52.
[4] Smith S E.Morphological and agronomic variation in North African and Arabian alfalfas.Crop Science,1991,31(5):1159-1163.
[5] Warburton M L,Smith S E.Regional diversity in non-dominant alfalfa from India and the Middle East.Crop Sciences,1993,33:852-858.
[6] Barcaccia G,Tosti N,Falistocco E,et al.Cytological,morphological and molecular analyses of controlled progenies from meiotic mutants of alfalfa producing unreduced gametes.Tag.theoretical&Applied Genetics.theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik,1995,91(6/7):1008-1015.
[7] Yu L Q,Wang Z L,Sa R,et al.Study on genetic diversity of wild populations of Medicago falcata.Grassland of China,2001,23(1):23-25.于林清,王照兰,萨仁,等.黄花苜蓿野生种群遗传多样性的初步研究.中国草地,2001,23(1):23-25.
[8] Cui D F,Yang H J,Zhao Y B,et al.Studies on leaf morphological characters and numerical classification of Medicago sativa complex.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2010,19(3):1-9.崔大方,羊海军,赵业彬,等.紫花苜蓿复合体(Medicago sativacomplex)叶片形态特征及数量分类研究.植物资源与环境学报,2010,19(3):1-9.
[9]Mohamed M,Moawed.Evaluation of morphological and anatomical characters for discrimination and verification of some Medicago sativa L.cultivars.Indian Journal of Agricultural Research,2016,50(2):1125-1138.
[10] Wang J J,LüS J,Wang M T,et al.Study on morphological formation mechanism of grazing tolerance of Medicago falcata.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(1):35-41.王俊杰,吕世杰,王明涛,等.黄花苜蓿个体水平耐牧性的形态学成因机制研究.草地学报,2016,24(1):35-41.
[11] Wang Y X,Zhang B.Morphological variation of Medicago falcata pods and seeds in Xinjiang.Pratacultural Science,2012,29(9):1396-1400.王玉祥,张博.新疆野生黄花苜蓿群体果实的形态变异.草业科学,2012,29(9):1396-1400.
[12] Sun J,Li C J,Li Y,et al.Comparision of main morphological index of 32portions of wild of Medicago falcata L.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014,37(1):30-34.孙婧,李陈建,李悦,等.32份野生黄花苜蓿主要形态指标比较研究.新疆农业大学学报,2014,37(1):30-34.
[13] Yan X B,Zhou H,Wang K,et al.Morphological diversities of the different species of Elymus spp.and their principal component analysis.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2005,13(2):111-116.严学兵,周禾,王堃,等.披碱草属植物形态多样性及其主成分分析.草地学报,2005,13(2):111-116.
[14] De Y,Mu H B,Liu X L,et al.Morphological diversity of plant ear among 8wild Elymus spp.Pratacultural Science,2011,28(9):1623-1631.德英,穆怀彬,刘新亮,等.披碱草属8种野生牧草居群穗部形态多样性.草业科学,2011,28(9):1623-1631.
[15] Yan X B,Guo Y X,Zhou H,et al.Effect of geographical factors on genetic variation of Elymus nutans indigenous in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(2):328-333.严学兵,郭玉霞,周禾,等.青藏高原垂穗披碱草变异的地理因素分析.西北植物学报,2007,27(2):328-333.
[16] Nancy G G,Yanina A,María V M,et al.Genetic diversity among alfalfa genotypes(Medicago sativa L.)of non-dormant cultivars using SSR markers and agronomic traits.Rev.Fcauncuyo,2013,45(2):181-195.
[17] Zhao Z G,Guo J J,Sha E,et al.Geographic distribution and phenotypic variation of fruit and seed of Erythrophleumfordii in China.Bulletin of Botany,2009,44(3):338-344.赵志刚,郭俊杰,沙二,等.我国格木的地理分布与种实表型变异.植物学报,2009,44(3):338-344.
[18] Xie C P,Fang Y,Fang Y M.Morphological and weight variation of seeds of Quercus phillyraeoides in Mangdang Mountain of Fujian Province.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2011,38(5):656-661.谢春平,方彦,方炎明.福建茫荡山乌冈栎种子性状变异研究.安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(5):656-661.
[19] Ilhan D,Li X H,Brummer E C,et al.Genetic diversity and population structure of tetraploid accessions of the Medicago sativa-falcata complex.Crop Science,2016,56(3):1146-1156.
[20] Wang Y X,Wang H Y,Zhang B.Study on variation of flowers characteristics of Trifolium repens in Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(2):93-97.王玉祥,王宏洋,张博.新疆野生白三叶花部形态变异研究.中国草地学报,2014,36(2):93-97.
[2] Wang J J,Yun J F,LüS J.Characteristics and utilizing value use on the germplasm of Medicago falcata.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2008,29(1):215-219.王俊杰,云锦凤,吕世杰.黄花苜蓿种质的优良特性与利用价值.内蒙古农业大学学报,2008,29(1):215-219.
[3] Zhang J,Wang Y X,Zhang B.Studies on morphological variation of flowers of Medicago falcatain Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2012,34(5):47-52.张晶,王玉祥,张博.新疆黄花苜蓿花部形态变异研究.中国草地学报,2012,34(5):47-52.
[4] Smith S E.Morphological and agronomic variation in North African and Arabian alfalfas.Crop Science,1991,31(5):1159-1163.
[5] Warburton M L,Smith S E.Regional diversity in non-dominant alfalfa from India and the Middle East.Crop Sciences,1993,33:852-858.
[6] Barcaccia G,Tosti N,Falistocco E,et al.Cytological,morphological and molecular analyses of controlled progenies from meiotic mutants of alfalfa producing unreduced gametes.Tag.theoretical&Applied Genetics.theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik,1995,91(6/7):1008-1015.
[7] Yu L Q,Wang Z L,Sa R,et al.Study on genetic diversity of wild populations of Medicago falcata.Grassland of China,2001,23(1):23-25.于林清,王照兰,萨仁,等.黄花苜蓿野生种群遗传多样性的初步研究.中国草地,2001,23(1):23-25.
[8] Cui D F,Yang H J,Zhao Y B,et al.Studies on leaf morphological characters and numerical classification of Medicago sativa complex.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2010,19(3):1-9.崔大方,羊海军,赵业彬,等.紫花苜蓿复合体(Medicago sativacomplex)叶片形态特征及数量分类研究.植物资源与环境学报,2010,19(3):1-9.
[9]Mohamed M,Moawed.Evaluation of morphological and anatomical characters for discrimination and verification of some Medicago sativa L.cultivars.Indian Journal of Agricultural Research,2016,50(2):1125-1138.
[10] Wang J J,LüS J,Wang M T,et al.Study on morphological formation mechanism of grazing tolerance of Medicago falcata.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(1):35-41.王俊杰,吕世杰,王明涛,等.黄花苜蓿个体水平耐牧性的形态学成因机制研究.草地学报,2016,24(1):35-41.
[11] Wang Y X,Zhang B.Morphological variation of Medicago falcata pods and seeds in Xinjiang.Pratacultural Science,2012,29(9):1396-1400.王玉祥,张博.新疆野生黄花苜蓿群体果实的形态变异.草业科学,2012,29(9):1396-1400.
[12] Sun J,Li C J,Li Y,et al.Comparision of main morphological index of 32portions of wild of Medicago falcata L.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014,37(1):30-34.孙婧,李陈建,李悦,等.32份野生黄花苜蓿主要形态指标比较研究.新疆农业大学学报,2014,37(1):30-34.
[13] Yan X B,Zhou H,Wang K,et al.Morphological diversities of the different species of Elymus spp.and their principal component analysis.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2005,13(2):111-116.严学兵,周禾,王堃,等.披碱草属植物形态多样性及其主成分分析.草地学报,2005,13(2):111-116.
[14] De Y,Mu H B,Liu X L,et al.Morphological diversity of plant ear among 8wild Elymus spp.Pratacultural Science,2011,28(9):1623-1631.德英,穆怀彬,刘新亮,等.披碱草属8种野生牧草居群穗部形态多样性.草业科学,2011,28(9):1623-1631.
[15] Yan X B,Guo Y X,Zhou H,et al.Effect of geographical factors on genetic variation of Elymus nutans indigenous in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(2):328-333.严学兵,郭玉霞,周禾,等.青藏高原垂穗披碱草变异的地理因素分析.西北植物学报,2007,27(2):328-333.
[16] Nancy G G,Yanina A,María V M,et al.Genetic diversity among alfalfa genotypes(Medicago sativa L.)of non-dormant cultivars using SSR markers and agronomic traits.Rev.Fcauncuyo,2013,45(2):181-195.
[17] Zhao Z G,Guo J J,Sha E,et al.Geographic distribution and phenotypic variation of fruit and seed of Erythrophleumfordii in China.Bulletin of Botany,2009,44(3):338-344.赵志刚,郭俊杰,沙二,等.我国格木的地理分布与种实表型变异.植物学报,2009,44(3):338-344.
[18] Xie C P,Fang Y,Fang Y M.Morphological and weight variation of seeds of Quercus phillyraeoides in Mangdang Mountain of Fujian Province.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2011,38(5):656-661.谢春平,方彦,方炎明.福建茫荡山乌冈栎种子性状变异研究.安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(5):656-661.
[19] Ilhan D,Li X H,Brummer E C,et al.Genetic diversity and population structure of tetraploid accessions of the Medicago sativa-falcata complex.Crop Science,2016,56(3):1146-1156.
[20] Wang Y X,Wang H Y,Zhang B.Study on variation of flowers characteristics of Trifolium repens in Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(2):93-97.王玉祥,王宏洋,张博.新疆野生白三叶花部形态变异研究.中国草地学报,2014,36(2):93-97.