橘小实蝇田间消长动态及对柑橘果实危害研究
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摘要
【目的】找出橘小食蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)在桂林东郊柑橘果园的消长规律,掌握橘小实蝇对不同柑橘品种的危害程度。【方法】2012-2013年,利用橘小实蝇性诱器对桂林东郊柑橘果园的橘小实蝇田间动态进行监测,收集逐旬诱虫数量,并制作周年诱虫消长曲线,分析橘小实蝇消长规律。选取果园内18个早中晚熟柑橘品种进行橘小实蝇危害调查,从果实受害前到果实成熟采收,统计各个品种的逐旬虫果数量,分析各品种受害情况。【结果】田间橘小实蝇成虫5月开始出现,9月下旬-10月上旬达到高峰期,12月中下旬活动减弱或停止。早中熟柑橘品种受橘小实蝇的危害率多在26.72%-73.19%,而晚熟品种多在16.08%以下。宽皮柑橘类受橘小实蝇的危害率多在15.23%以上,而橙类和杂柑类低于10.81%。早熟品种从7-8月开始受橘小实蝇危害,一直持续到果实成熟,受害程度逐步加重。中晚熟品种10月中下旬后开始受害,在11月上旬到12月上旬之间有1-2个受害高峰期,12月中下旬受害减轻。同一品种在不同年份的受害开始时间、高峰期、低谷期不完全相同。【结论】橘小实蝇成虫在春季条件适合时开始活动,在秋季达到活动高峰期,在冬季气温下降等不利条件下活动减弱或停止。橘小实蝇对柑橘早中熟品种的危害率高于晚熟品种,对宽皮柑橘类的危害率高于橙类。在果实生长成熟过程中,早熟品种随果实成熟度增高受害程度加重,中晚熟品种受害高峰期出现在果实成熟中、前期,同年内成熟期相同品种的受害消长走势基本相同,同一品种在不同年份的受害消长走势不同。
[Objectives] To investigate the population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis in citrus orchards in the eastern suburbs of Guilin, and improve techniques to control the degree of damage inflicted on different citrus varieties by this pest.[Methods] Numbers of B. dorsalis in orchards were monitored using sex pheromone traps from 2012 to 2013. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance were analyzed and the number of damaged fruit on different citrus varieties, including early-maturing, middle-maturing and late-maturing, varieties was compared before, and after, ripening. [Results] B. dorsalis began to appear in May, reached peak abundance between late September and early October, and declined or disappeared from orchards in mid to late December. Damage to early and middle maturing varieties was 26.73%-73.19% whereas damage to late-maturing varieties was below 16.08%. Damage to loose-skin mandarin varieties was above 15.23% whereas damage to orange and hybrid varieties was below 10.81%. Fruit of early-maturing varieties was damaged from July or August until they were ripe, and the degree of damage gradually increased during this period. Damage to middle and late-maturing varieties began to appear from mid to late October, had 1 or 2 peaks between early November and early December, then decreased from mid to late December. The beginning, peak, and low damage periods in the same variety were not identical in different years.[Conclusion] B. dorsalis becomes active in spring when conditions are suitable, reaches peak activity in autumn, and decreases or ceases activity under adverse conditions such as falling temperatures. Damage to early and middle-maturing varieties was higher than to late-maturing varieties, and damage to loose-skin mandarin varieties was higher than to orange varieties. During the process of fruit growth and development, the proportion of damaged fruit on early-maturing varieties increased as fruit matured; peak damage to middle and late-maturing varieties first appeared as early maturing fruit ripened, or during the middle period of fruit development. The increase and decline in the number of damaged fruit that ripened at the same time of year was basically the same within the same year, but the increase and decline in the number of damaged fruits in the same citrus variety was not the same in different years.
[Objectives] To investigate the population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis in citrus orchards in the eastern suburbs of Guilin, and improve techniques to control the degree of damage inflicted on different citrus varieties by this pest.[Methods] Numbers of B. dorsalis in orchards were monitored using sex pheromone traps from 2012 to 2013. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance were analyzed and the number of damaged fruit on different citrus varieties, including early-maturing, middle-maturing and late-maturing, varieties was compared before, and after, ripening. [Results] B. dorsalis began to appear in May, reached peak abundance between late September and early October, and declined or disappeared from orchards in mid to late December. Damage to early and middle maturing varieties was 26.73%-73.19% whereas damage to late-maturing varieties was below 16.08%. Damage to loose-skin mandarin varieties was above 15.23% whereas damage to orange and hybrid varieties was below 10.81%. Fruit of early-maturing varieties was damaged from July or August until they were ripe, and the degree of damage gradually increased during this period. Damage to middle and late-maturing varieties began to appear from mid to late October, had 1 or 2 peaks between early November and early December, then decreased from mid to late December. The beginning, peak, and low damage periods in the same variety were not identical in different years.[Conclusion] B. dorsalis becomes active in spring when conditions are suitable, reaches peak activity in autumn, and decreases or ceases activity under adverse conditions such as falling temperatures. Damage to early and middle-maturing varieties was higher than to late-maturing varieties, and damage to loose-skin mandarin varieties was higher than to orange varieties. During the process of fruit growth and development, the proportion of damaged fruit on early-maturing varieties increased as fruit matured; peak damage to middle and late-maturing varieties first appeared as early maturing fruit ripened, or during the middle period of fruit development. The increase and decline in the number of damaged fruit that ripened at the same time of year was basically the same within the same year, but the increase and decline in the number of damaged fruits in the same citrus variety was not the same in different years.
引文
Duan LS,Wang Q,2010.Damage and control measures of Bactrocera dorsalis in Zhenargzhou area.Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,39(9):215-216.[段罗顺,汪卿,2010.柑橘小食蝇在郑州地区的危害与防治措施.农业科技通讯,39(9):215-216.]
Fu YS,Zhao GD,Pan JP,Wang M,Tian SY,2005.Effect of fruit acidity on the emergence of Bactrocera dorsalis.Journal of Yangtze University(Nat.Sci.Edit),2(5):15-16,102.[付佑胜,赵桂东,潘建平,王沫,田世尧,2005.果实酸度对橘小实蝇羽化作用影响的初探.长江大学学报(自然版),2(5):15-16,102.]
He WZ,Sun BZ,Li CJ,Long ZB,2002.Bionomics of Bactrocera dorsalis and its control in Hekou County of Yunna Province.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,39(1):50-52.[和万忠,孙兵召,李翠菊,龙忠保,2002.云南河口县桔小实蝇生物学特性及防治.昆虫知识,39(1):50-52.]
Liu JH,Ye H,2006.Effects of light,temperature and humidity on the flight activities of the Orental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,43(2):211-214.[刘建宏,叶辉,2006.光照、温度和湿度对桔小实蝇飞翔活动的影响.昆虫知识,43(2):211-214.]
Lin JT,Liang GW,Zeng L,Lu YY,Bin SY,2005.Influence of soil moisture on the surviral of oriental fruit fly Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis pupa.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,42(4):416-418.[林进添,梁广文,曾玲,陆永跃,宾淑英,2005.土壤含水量对桔小实蝇蛹期存活的影响.昆虫知识,42(4):416-418.]
Li YM,Gu YQ,Xiang SY,2009.Study on occurrence and control of Bactrocera dorsalis.Serves of Agricultural Technology,26(2):62-63.[李云明,顾云琴,项顺尧,2009.柑橘小实蝇发生与防治研究.农技服务,26(2):62-63.]
Li ZB,2008.Occurrence and integrated control technique of Bactrocera dorsalis.Fujian Fruits,36(1):33-34.[李宗宝,2008.橘小实蝇发生危害及综合防治技术.福建果树,36(1):33-34.]
Qi LY,Feng XH,Liu Y,Dai HG,2008.Experiments on occurrence and control of Bactrocera dorsalis in Wuxi area.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,36(1):96-97,128.[祁力言,封兴华,刘勇,戴华国,2008.橘小实蝇在无锡地区的发生与防治试验.江苏农业科学,36(1):96-97,128.]
Ren LL,Qi LY,Jiang QG,Zhou SD,Dai HG,2008.Oviposition preference of oriental fruit fly.Bactrocera dorsalis.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,45(4):593-597.[任荔荔,祁力言,蒋巧根,周曙东,戴华国,2008.植物果实、颜色和形状对橘小实蝇产卵选择的影响.昆虫知识,45(4):593-597.]
Shi W,Zhang ZY,Ye H,2003.Taxis responses of three oriental fruit fly(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)populations to the odors of three host fruits.Journal Yunnan University,25(1):77-80.[施伟,张智英,叶辉,2003.桔小实蝇对寄主水果气味的趋向反应测试.云南大学学报(自然科学版),25(1):77-80.]
Sun ZJ,Xu RX,Cai P,Zhang GB,Xu JF,Zha GX,2008.Preliminary study on occurrence and integrated control of Bactrocera dorsalis in Suzhou area.Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,38(2):113-114.[孙振军,徐荣侠,蔡平,张国彪,许建方,查国贤,2008.苏州地区橘小实蝇发生与综合防治初步研究.上海农业科技,38(2):113-114.]
Wu JJ,Liang F,Liang GQ,2003.Study on the relationship between growth rate of Bactrocera dorsalis and temperature.Inspection and Quarantine Science,13(5):17-18.[吴佳教,梁帆,梁广勤,2003.桔小实蝇发育速率与温度关系的研究.检验检疫科学,13(5):17-18.]
Xie LS,Yang WH,2006.Occurrence rules and control measures of Bactrocera dorsalis.Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,12(2):91.[谢玲珊,杨婉华,2006.桔小食蝇的发生规律和防治措施.安徽农学通报,12(2):91.]
Xie Q,Zhang RJ,2005.Study advance on bioloy and ecology of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hende)and its control.Ecologic Science,24(1):52-56.[谢琦,张润杰,2005.桔小实蝇生物学特点及其防治研究概述.生态科学,24(1):52-56.]
Xu YJ,Zeng L,Lu YY,Lin JT,2005.Ovipositional selection of the Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)to the different fruits.Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,24(1):25-26.[许益镌,曾玲,陆永跃,林进添,2005.桔小实蝇对不同水果产卵的选择性.华中农业大学学报,24(1):25-26.]
Yuan SY,Xiao C,Kong Q,Chen B,Li ZY,Gao YH,2005.Oviposition prefernce of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,27(1):81-84.[袁盛勇,肖春,孔琼,陈斌,李正跃,高永红,2005.桔小实蝇的产卵选择性.江西农业大学学报,27(1):81-84.]
Zhang MR,Yu JH,Wang YX,2008.Occurrence and control measures of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel.Zhejiang Citrus,25(1):29-32.[张敏荣,余继华,王映雪,2008.柑橘小实蝇的发生与防控对策.浙江柑橘,25(1):29-32.]
Zhang QY,Lin ZJ,Liu JY,Chen HZ,Gao QZ,Sun GK,Hong ZQ,Sun DH,Chen JF,1998.Study on the biology of oriental fruit fly.Entomological Journal of East China,7(2):65-68.[张清源,林振基,刘金耀,陈华忠,高泉准,孙国坤,洪赞侨,孙德华,陈加福,1998.桔小实蝇生物学特性.华东昆虫学报,7(2):65-68.]
Zhou W,Wang JX,Hu SG,Qiu ZG,Xu FX,Shi ZH,2010.Investigation about the population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis in Zhejiang province.Plant Protection,36(3):179-180.[周湾,王建欣,胡盛根,邱志刚,许凤仙,施祖华,2010.浙江省橘小实蝇发生动态调查.植物保护,36(3):179-180.]
Fu YS,Zhao GD,Pan JP,Wang M,Tian SY,2005.Effect of fruit acidity on the emergence of Bactrocera dorsalis.Journal of Yangtze University(Nat.Sci.Edit),2(5):15-16,102.[付佑胜,赵桂东,潘建平,王沫,田世尧,2005.果实酸度对橘小实蝇羽化作用影响的初探.长江大学学报(自然版),2(5):15-16,102.]
He WZ,Sun BZ,Li CJ,Long ZB,2002.Bionomics of Bactrocera dorsalis and its control in Hekou County of Yunna Province.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,39(1):50-52.[和万忠,孙兵召,李翠菊,龙忠保,2002.云南河口县桔小实蝇生物学特性及防治.昆虫知识,39(1):50-52.]
Liu JH,Ye H,2006.Effects of light,temperature and humidity on the flight activities of the Orental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,43(2):211-214.[刘建宏,叶辉,2006.光照、温度和湿度对桔小实蝇飞翔活动的影响.昆虫知识,43(2):211-214.]
Lin JT,Liang GW,Zeng L,Lu YY,Bin SY,2005.Influence of soil moisture on the surviral of oriental fruit fly Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis pupa.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,42(4):416-418.[林进添,梁广文,曾玲,陆永跃,宾淑英,2005.土壤含水量对桔小实蝇蛹期存活的影响.昆虫知识,42(4):416-418.]
Li YM,Gu YQ,Xiang SY,2009.Study on occurrence and control of Bactrocera dorsalis.Serves of Agricultural Technology,26(2):62-63.[李云明,顾云琴,项顺尧,2009.柑橘小实蝇发生与防治研究.农技服务,26(2):62-63.]
Li ZB,2008.Occurrence and integrated control technique of Bactrocera dorsalis.Fujian Fruits,36(1):33-34.[李宗宝,2008.橘小实蝇发生危害及综合防治技术.福建果树,36(1):33-34.]
Qi LY,Feng XH,Liu Y,Dai HG,2008.Experiments on occurrence and control of Bactrocera dorsalis in Wuxi area.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,36(1):96-97,128.[祁力言,封兴华,刘勇,戴华国,2008.橘小实蝇在无锡地区的发生与防治试验.江苏农业科学,36(1):96-97,128.]
Ren LL,Qi LY,Jiang QG,Zhou SD,Dai HG,2008.Oviposition preference of oriental fruit fly.Bactrocera dorsalis.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,45(4):593-597.[任荔荔,祁力言,蒋巧根,周曙东,戴华国,2008.植物果实、颜色和形状对橘小实蝇产卵选择的影响.昆虫知识,45(4):593-597.]
Shi W,Zhang ZY,Ye H,2003.Taxis responses of three oriental fruit fly(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)populations to the odors of three host fruits.Journal Yunnan University,25(1):77-80.[施伟,张智英,叶辉,2003.桔小实蝇对寄主水果气味的趋向反应测试.云南大学学报(自然科学版),25(1):77-80.]
Sun ZJ,Xu RX,Cai P,Zhang GB,Xu JF,Zha GX,2008.Preliminary study on occurrence and integrated control of Bactrocera dorsalis in Suzhou area.Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,38(2):113-114.[孙振军,徐荣侠,蔡平,张国彪,许建方,查国贤,2008.苏州地区橘小实蝇发生与综合防治初步研究.上海农业科技,38(2):113-114.]
Wu JJ,Liang F,Liang GQ,2003.Study on the relationship between growth rate of Bactrocera dorsalis and temperature.Inspection and Quarantine Science,13(5):17-18.[吴佳教,梁帆,梁广勤,2003.桔小实蝇发育速率与温度关系的研究.检验检疫科学,13(5):17-18.]
Xie LS,Yang WH,2006.Occurrence rules and control measures of Bactrocera dorsalis.Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,12(2):91.[谢玲珊,杨婉华,2006.桔小食蝇的发生规律和防治措施.安徽农学通报,12(2):91.]
Xie Q,Zhang RJ,2005.Study advance on bioloy and ecology of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hende)and its control.Ecologic Science,24(1):52-56.[谢琦,张润杰,2005.桔小实蝇生物学特点及其防治研究概述.生态科学,24(1):52-56.]
Xu YJ,Zeng L,Lu YY,Lin JT,2005.Ovipositional selection of the Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)to the different fruits.Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,24(1):25-26.[许益镌,曾玲,陆永跃,林进添,2005.桔小实蝇对不同水果产卵的选择性.华中农业大学学报,24(1):25-26.]
Yuan SY,Xiao C,Kong Q,Chen B,Li ZY,Gao YH,2005.Oviposition prefernce of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,27(1):81-84.[袁盛勇,肖春,孔琼,陈斌,李正跃,高永红,2005.桔小实蝇的产卵选择性.江西农业大学学报,27(1):81-84.]
Zhang MR,Yu JH,Wang YX,2008.Occurrence and control measures of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel.Zhejiang Citrus,25(1):29-32.[张敏荣,余继华,王映雪,2008.柑橘小实蝇的发生与防控对策.浙江柑橘,25(1):29-32.]
Zhang QY,Lin ZJ,Liu JY,Chen HZ,Gao QZ,Sun GK,Hong ZQ,Sun DH,Chen JF,1998.Study on the biology of oriental fruit fly.Entomological Journal of East China,7(2):65-68.[张清源,林振基,刘金耀,陈华忠,高泉准,孙国坤,洪赞侨,孙德华,陈加福,1998.桔小实蝇生物学特性.华东昆虫学报,7(2):65-68.]
Zhou W,Wang JX,Hu SG,Qiu ZG,Xu FX,Shi ZH,2010.Investigation about the population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis in Zhejiang province.Plant Protection,36(3):179-180.[周湾,王建欣,胡盛根,邱志刚,许凤仙,施祖华,2010.浙江省橘小实蝇发生动态调查.植物保护,36(3):179-180.]