程度副词“有些”“有点”的历史考察
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摘要
"有些""有点"均为近代汉语时期产生的程度副词,二者意义接近,句法功能相似。"有些"始见于唐五代,此后使用渐趋频繁。"有点"始见于明代,一直到清代末期,使用频率仍不高,远低于同期的"有些"。清末以后"有些"日渐衰落,"有点"发展迅速并呈逐渐取代"有些"之势。在语言经济性原则的作用下,语义的明确性是"有点"逐步取代"有些"的根本原因。
The degree adverbs Youxie( 有些) and Youdian( 有点) are used in Modern Chinese. They express close meaning and deliver similar syntactic function. Youxie( 有些) came into existence in the Five Dynasties and was used more frequently after that. Youdian( 有点) appeared in the Ming Dynasty,but it had few applications in literature until the late Qing Dynasty,much less than Youxie( 有些). Henceforth,the usage of Youxie( 有些) was declining,whereas Youdian( 有点) was booming and even likely to replace the former adverb. Governed by the economy principle of language,the semantic clarity fundamentally results in the process of one( Youxie) replaced by the other( Youdian).
The degree adverbs Youxie( 有些) and Youdian( 有点) are used in Modern Chinese. They express close meaning and deliver similar syntactic function. Youxie( 有些) came into existence in the Five Dynasties and was used more frequently after that. Youdian( 有点) appeared in the Ming Dynasty,but it had few applications in literature until the late Qing Dynasty,much less than Youxie( 有些). Henceforth,the usage of Youxie( 有些) was declining,whereas Youdian( 有点) was booming and even likely to replace the former adverb. Governed by the economy principle of language,the semantic clarity fundamentally results in the process of one( Youxie) replaced by the other( Youdian).
引文
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[2]程美珍.受“有点儿”修饰的词语的褒贬义[J].世界汉语教学,1989(3):149-150.
[3]马真.说副词“有一点儿”[J].世界汉语教学,1989(4):207-210.
[4]吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词(增订本)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999:631-633.
[5]吕叔湘,江蓝生.近代汉语指代词[M].上海:学林出版社,1985.
[6]李宇明.汉语量范畴研究[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2000:425-428.
[7]毕永峨.不定量词词义与构式的互动[J].中国语文,2007(6):507-515.
[8]张家合.“些类词”的历史流变及相关问题[J].唐山师范学院学报,2016(1):26-30.
[9]董秀芳.词汇化:汉语双音词的衍生与发展(修订本)[M].北京:商务印书馆,2011.
[10]LANGACKER R W.Syntactic Reanalysis[C]//CHARLES N L.Mechanisms of Syntactic Change.Austin:University of Texas Press,1977:57-139.
[11]索绪尔.普通语言学教程[M].高名凯,译.北京:商务印书馆,1983:248.
[12]徐正考,史维国.语言的经济原则在汉语语法历史发展中的表现[J].语文研究,2008(1):9-12.
[13]张家合.汉语“更加”类副词的历时演变[J].浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版),2013,38(4):61-65.