不同中微量元素对槟榔结果与产量特征的影响
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摘要
为提高槟榔产量与品质,探究中微量元素对槟榔产果的影响。采用7种中微量元素在槟榔花、果期进行喷施,测定坐果、果型及果实品质等指标。结果表明:(1)中微量元素显著促进了槟榔坐果率提高,镁在小果期及青果收获期均显著提高其坐果率;促进了槟榔单株产量提高,锌、铜对单果重量、单梭果产量的提高均有显著影响;铜使单株产量提高41.23%,达显著水平。(2)中微量元素肥改善了槟榔果品品质,铁、锰使果型比为0.8951、0.8139,更趋于饱满圆形;钙使槟榔果中纤维素含量提高,高达47.28%,铁促进槟榔果的维生素C含量提高,镁显著增加槟榔果中可溶性糖含量。(3)主成分分析得到影响产量与品质的共5个主要指标得分,锌肥对产量和品质影响极显著,综合评价得分分别为1.8299、2.4893,其次是镁肥;铜肥只提高产量,锰肥只提高品质。表明中微量元素处理可提高槟榔果产量与品质,但是不同元素作用不同,且存在一定差异。
In order to improve the yield and quality of areca(Areca catechu L.), we explored the effect of trace elements on the fruit production of areca. Seven medium and trace element fertilizers were applied to areca at the flowering and fruiting stages to determine the fruit setting rate, fruit shape and fruit quality. Trace elements significantly promoted the fruit set rate of areca. Magnesium significantly increased fruit set rate in small fruit and green fruit harvesting period,and promoted the yield per plant. Zinc, copper increased single fruit weight and single shuttle fruit yield significantly.Copper increased yield per plant by 41.23% significantly. Medium and trace element fertilizers improved the quality of areca. The fruit type ratio was 0.8951, 0.8139, and the fruit was full and round after iron and manganese use. Calcium increased the cellulose content in by 47.28% in the fruits. Iron promoted the vitamin C content. Magnesium significantly increased the content of soluble sugar of the fruit. Principal component analysis obtained the scores of five main indicators affecting the yield and quality. The effect of zinc fertilizer on the yield and quality was extremely significant. The comprehensive evaluation score was 1.8299 and 2.4893, respectively, followed by magnesium fertilizer. Copper fertilizer only increased the yield, and manganese fertilizer only improved the quality. It indicated that the treatment of medium and trace elements could increase the yield and quality of areca, but the effects of different elements were not the same.
In order to improve the yield and quality of areca(Areca catechu L.), we explored the effect of trace elements on the fruit production of areca. Seven medium and trace element fertilizers were applied to areca at the flowering and fruiting stages to determine the fruit setting rate, fruit shape and fruit quality. Trace elements significantly promoted the fruit set rate of areca. Magnesium significantly increased fruit set rate in small fruit and green fruit harvesting period,and promoted the yield per plant. Zinc, copper increased single fruit weight and single shuttle fruit yield significantly.Copper increased yield per plant by 41.23% significantly. Medium and trace element fertilizers improved the quality of areca. The fruit type ratio was 0.8951, 0.8139, and the fruit was full and round after iron and manganese use. Calcium increased the cellulose content in by 47.28% in the fruits. Iron promoted the vitamin C content. Magnesium significantly increased the content of soluble sugar of the fruit. Principal component analysis obtained the scores of five main indicators affecting the yield and quality. The effect of zinc fertilizer on the yield and quality was extremely significant. The comprehensive evaluation score was 1.8299 and 2.4893, respectively, followed by magnesium fertilizer. Copper fertilizer only increased the yield, and manganese fertilizer only improved the quality. It indicated that the treatment of medium and trace elements could increase the yield and quality of areca, but the effects of different elements were not the same.
引文
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[16]杨福孙,孙爱花,边子星,等.施肥对槟榔坐果率及产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(22):23-25.
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[22]李泽鹏.小麦花期喷施不同微量元素对产量和品质的影响[J].南方农业,2018,12(3):106-110.
[23]张少若.热带作物营养与施肥[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996:26-30.
[24]郝婕,蒋艳霞,索相敏.中微量元素肥料在果树上的使用方法[J].河北果树,2016,28(1):45.
[25]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:184,195,211,246.
[26]尹晓辉,邹慧玲,方雅瑜,等.锰肥在水稻上的应用研究进展[J].中国稻米,2016,22(4):39-41,45.
[27]李小彬,潘树荣.广东和海南土壤中微量元素丰度与相关性研究[J].热带地理,1989,10(1):55-66.
[28]Martina V,Markus P,Michael K.Effect of nano zero-valent iron application on As,Cd,Pb,and Zn availability in the rhizosphere of metal(loid)contaminated soils[J].Chemosphere,2018,200:217-226.
[29]吴海勇,李明德,谷雨,等.硼肥不同施用方法及用量对水稻生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(7):5-8.
[30]于会丽,司鹏,乔宪生,等.喷施不同铁肥对草莓铁养分吸收和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,53(5):73-78.
[31]朱芸,陆志峰,肖文豪,等.硼肥用量对油菜产量与硼养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,54(4):129-133.
[32]黄恒掌,韦广厚,罗广盘.中微量元素肥对甘蔗产量和品质的影响试验初报[J].南方农业,2016,10(16):34-35.
[33]Janet C C,Michael W S,Chad J P,et al.Nitrogen,phosphorus,calcium,and magnesium applied individually or as a slow release or controlled release fertilizer increase growth and yield and affect macronutrient and micronutrient concentration and content of field-grown tomato plants[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2016,211:420-430.
[34]Gustavo A S,Gaspar H K,Hamilton S P.Methods of adding micronutrients to a NPK formulation and maize development[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2016,39(9):1266-1282.
[35]吴澎,贾朝爽,范苏仪,等.樱桃品种果实品质因子主成分分析及模糊综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(17):291-300.
[36]赵强宏,邓煜,杨思维.油橄榄引进品种的果实性状及产量的比较试验[J].经济林研究,2018,36(3):187-190.
[2]Ernest K.Introduction,Definition and Classification of Nutrients[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Inc,2012.
[3]张丹,张卫峰,季玥秀,等.我国中微量元素肥料产业发展现状[J].现代化工,2012,32(5):1-5.
[4]叶胜兰.叶面喷施铁肥对山地梨枣产量及品质的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2018,24(14):91-93,140.
[5]周君花,闵跃中,肖世贤.中微量元素肥料在葡萄栽培技术中的试验[J].现代园艺,2015,38(1):3-4.
[6]莫士力.施用铜肥对水稻产量的影响[J].农业研究与应用,2018,31(3):23-25.
[7]柴云霞,耿少武,邹阳,等.增施中微量元素肥料对烤烟生长发育及烟叶品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2016,46(1):27-29,33.
[8]李惠芬,张彬,黄庆,等.中微量元素肥料不同用量对超级稻品种倒伏及产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2016,22(2):21-26.
[9]石喆,锁丽红,潘国玲,等.微量元素水溶肥料对冬枣产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2017,46(18):56,59.
[10]刘建明,亓昭英,刘善科,等.中微量元素与植物营养和人体健康的关系[J].化肥工业,2016,43(3):85-90,103.
[11]侯翠红,玄先路,杜瑞敏,等.中微量元素在复肥中的添加工艺与技术[J].化肥工业,2017,44(4):1-4.
[12]Ozyigit I I,Yalcin B,Turan S,et al.Investigation of heavy metal level and mineral nutrient status in widely used medicinal plants'leaves in Turkey:Insights into health implications[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2018,182(2):387-406.
[13]Maria G V,Melissa N,Michele S,et al.Content of micronutrients,mineral and trace elements in some Mediterranean spontaneous edible herbs[J].Chemistry Central Journal,2015,9(1):57.
[14]Helena S,Olga K,Dalibor H,et al.Zinc,zinc nanoparticles and plants[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,349:101-110.
[15]Recep V,Ibrahim I O,Ertugrul F.Essential and beneficial trace elements in plants,and their transport in roots:a review[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2017,181(1):464-482.
[16]杨福孙,孙爱花,边子星,等.施肥对槟榔坐果率及产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(22):23-25.
[17]符加松.槟榔栽培管理技术[N].海南农垦报,2012-09-22(2).
[18]晏小霞,王祝年,王建荣.槟榔种质资源研究概况[J].中国热带农业,2008,5(5):34-36.
[19]杨和鼎.槟榔栽培技术[M].海口:海南出版社,2003:4-6.
[20]王世敏.槟榔栽培技术[M].广州:科学普及出版社广州分社,1987:4-6.
[21]江湛钰.海南槟榔业发展的现状及技术创新中存在的问题[J].中国商论,2016,25(16):137-138.
[22]李泽鹏.小麦花期喷施不同微量元素对产量和品质的影响[J].南方农业,2018,12(3):106-110.
[23]张少若.热带作物营养与施肥[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996:26-30.
[24]郝婕,蒋艳霞,索相敏.中微量元素肥料在果树上的使用方法[J].河北果树,2016,28(1):45.
[25]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:184,195,211,246.
[26]尹晓辉,邹慧玲,方雅瑜,等.锰肥在水稻上的应用研究进展[J].中国稻米,2016,22(4):39-41,45.
[27]李小彬,潘树荣.广东和海南土壤中微量元素丰度与相关性研究[J].热带地理,1989,10(1):55-66.
[28]Martina V,Markus P,Michael K.Effect of nano zero-valent iron application on As,Cd,Pb,and Zn availability in the rhizosphere of metal(loid)contaminated soils[J].Chemosphere,2018,200:217-226.
[29]吴海勇,李明德,谷雨,等.硼肥不同施用方法及用量对水稻生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(7):5-8.
[30]于会丽,司鹏,乔宪生,等.喷施不同铁肥对草莓铁养分吸收和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,53(5):73-78.
[31]朱芸,陆志峰,肖文豪,等.硼肥用量对油菜产量与硼养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,54(4):129-133.
[32]黄恒掌,韦广厚,罗广盘.中微量元素肥对甘蔗产量和品质的影响试验初报[J].南方农业,2016,10(16):34-35.
[33]Janet C C,Michael W S,Chad J P,et al.Nitrogen,phosphorus,calcium,and magnesium applied individually or as a slow release or controlled release fertilizer increase growth and yield and affect macronutrient and micronutrient concentration and content of field-grown tomato plants[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2016,211:420-430.
[34]Gustavo A S,Gaspar H K,Hamilton S P.Methods of adding micronutrients to a NPK formulation and maize development[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2016,39(9):1266-1282.
[35]吴澎,贾朝爽,范苏仪,等.樱桃品种果实品质因子主成分分析及模糊综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(17):291-300.
[36]赵强宏,邓煜,杨思维.油橄榄引进品种的果实性状及产量的比较试验[J].经济林研究,2018,36(3):187-190.