空间电子辐照聚合物的充电特性和微观机理
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摘要
空间电子辐照聚合物的充电特性和微观机理是研究和防护航天器聚合物充放电特性的基础.采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟空间电子的散射过程,快二次电子模型模拟二次电子的产生,有限差分法求解电荷连续性方程、电流密度方程和泊松方程的电荷输运过程,俘获过程基于Poole-Frenkel效应来实现.基于电子散射/输运同步模型基础,结合法国国家航空航天科研局(ONERA)的地球同步轨道电子能谱分布理论公式和欧空局(SIRENE)机构的地面实验方法,建立了基于地球同步轨道电子能谱分布的空间多能电子的散射模型.通过空间电子辐照聚合物充电过程的数值模拟,获得了空间电荷密度、电位、电场和空间电位分布.阐明了空间电子辐照聚合物的充电特性和样品微观参数与表面电位的关联性.表面电位特性与实验结果相吻合,单能电子的电位强度高于多能电子的电位.充电达到稳态时,电子迁移率较小时(小于10~(–11)cm~2·V~(–1)·s~(–1)),空间电位绝对值随电子迁移率的降低明显加强;复合率较大时(大于10~(–14)cm~3·s~(–1)),空间电位绝对值随复合率的增大而增大.研究结果对于揭示空间电子辐照聚合物的充电特性和微观机理、提高航天器充放电故障机理研究水平具有重要科学意义和价值.
The charging characteristics and microscopic mechanism of space electrons irradiated polymers are the basis for the study and protection of spacecraft polymer charging and discharging characteristics. Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the scattering process of space electrons, and the fast secondary electron model simulates the generation of secondary electrons. The finite difference method is used to solve the charge transport process of charge continuity equation, current density equation and Poisson equation. The capture process realizes the transmission process of space electrons through the equation based on the Poole-French effect. Based on the electronic scattering/transport synchronization model and combined with the geostationary earth orbit electronic spectrum distribution theoretical formula of the French National Aeronautics and Space Research Agency(ONERA) and the ground experimental method of the agency(SIRNE), a scattering model based on the electron spectrum distribution in geosynchronous orbit is established. The numerical simulation of the charging process of space electrons irradiated polymers is carried out. The space charge density, space potential, electric field distribution and the space potential of polymer sample under the irradiation of singleand multi-energy electrons in space environment are obtained. The relationship among charging characteristics,microscopic parameters and surface potential of the sample is clarified. The surface potential characteristics of space electrons irradiated polymer are consistent with the experimental results. The single energy charge potential and strength are higher than those of multi-energy electrons. When the charging reaches a steady state, the electron mobility is smaller(less than 10~(–14)cm~3·s~(–1)), and the absolute value of the space potential is significantly enhanced with the decrease of the electron mobility. When the composite rate is large(greater than 10~(–14)cm~3·s~(–1)), the absolute value of the spatial potential increases with recombination rate increasing. The study of the charging characteristics of space electrons is not comprehensive because only the mode of singleenergy electron irradiation is taken into consideration. The research results are of great scientific significance and practical value for revealing the charging characteristics and microscopic mechanism of space electrons irradiated polymer and improving the research level of spacecraft charge and discharge fault mechanism.
The charging characteristics and microscopic mechanism of space electrons irradiated polymers are the basis for the study and protection of spacecraft polymer charging and discharging characteristics. Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the scattering process of space electrons, and the fast secondary electron model simulates the generation of secondary electrons. The finite difference method is used to solve the charge transport process of charge continuity equation, current density equation and Poisson equation. The capture process realizes the transmission process of space electrons through the equation based on the Poole-French effect. Based on the electronic scattering/transport synchronization model and combined with the geostationary earth orbit electronic spectrum distribution theoretical formula of the French National Aeronautics and Space Research Agency(ONERA) and the ground experimental method of the agency(SIRNE), a scattering model based on the electron spectrum distribution in geosynchronous orbit is established. The numerical simulation of the charging process of space electrons irradiated polymers is carried out. The space charge density, space potential, electric field distribution and the space potential of polymer sample under the irradiation of singleand multi-energy electrons in space environment are obtained. The relationship among charging characteristics,microscopic parameters and surface potential of the sample is clarified. The surface potential characteristics of space electrons irradiated polymer are consistent with the experimental results. The single energy charge potential and strength are higher than those of multi-energy electrons. When the charging reaches a steady state, the electron mobility is smaller(less than 10~(–14)cm~3·s~(–1)), and the absolute value of the space potential is significantly enhanced with the decrease of the electron mobility. When the composite rate is large(greater than 10~(–14)cm~3·s~(–1)), the absolute value of the spatial potential increases with recombination rate increasing. The study of the charging characteristics of space electrons is not comprehensive because only the mode of singleenergy electron irradiation is taken into consideration. The research results are of great scientific significance and practical value for revealing the charging characteristics and microscopic mechanism of space electrons irradiated polymer and improving the research level of spacecraft charge and discharge fault mechanism.
引文
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[33]Fitting H J,Touzin M 2011 J.Appl.Phys.110 044111
[2]Garrett H B,Whittlesey A C 2000 IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.28 2017
[3]Li S T,Li G C,Min D M,Zhao N 2013 Acta Phys.Sin.62059401(in Chinese)[李盛涛,李国倡,闵道敏,赵妮2013物理学报62 059401]
[4]Cao H F,Liu S H,Sun Y W,Yuan Q Y 2013 Acta Phys.Sin.62 119401(in Chinese)[曹鹤飞,刘尚合,孙永卫,原青云2013物理学报62 119401]
[5]Huang J G,Yi Z,Meng L F,Zhao H,Liu Y N 2013 Acta Phys.Sin.62 099401(in Chinese)[黄建国,易忠,孟立飞,赵华,刘业楠2013物理学报62 099401]
[6]Yuan D L,Min D M,Huang Y,Xie D R,Wang H Y,Yang F,Zhu Z H,Fei X,Li S T 2017 Acta Phys.Sin.66 097701(in Chinese)[袁端磊,闵道敏,黄印,谢东日,王海燕,杨芳,朱志豪,费翔,李盛涛2017物理学报66 097701]
[7]Wang S,Wu Z C,Tang X J,Sun Y W,Yi Z 2016 Acta Phys.Sin.65 025201(in Chinese)[王松,武占成,唐小金,孙永卫,易忠2016物理学报65 025201]
[8]Liu J,Zhang H B 2014 Acta Phys.Sin.63 149401(in Chinese)[刘婧,张海波2014物理学报63 149401]
[9]Yang W L,Han J S,Wang Y,Lin J Q,He G Q,Sun H G2017 Acta Phys.Sin.66 227101(in Chinese)[杨文龙,韩浚生,王宇,林家齐,何国强,孙洪国2017物理学报66 227101]
[10]Hou K,Zhang Z W,Huang Y,Wei J J 2016 Acta Phys.Sin.65 035203(in Chinese)[侯堃,张占文,黄勇,韦建军2016物理学报65 035203]
[11]Garrett H B,Evans R W,Whittlesey A C,Katz I,Jun I 2008IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.36 2440
[12]Riffaud J,Griseri V,Berquez L 2016 Rev.Sci.Instrum.87073901
[13]Koons H,Mazur J,Lopatin A,Pitchford D,Bogorad A,Herschitz R 2006 J.Spacer.Rockets 43 178
[14]Czeremuszkin G,Latreche M,Wertheimer M R 2001 Nucl.Instrum.Meth.B 185 88
[15]Okumura T,Masui H,Toyoda K,Cho M G,Nitta K,Imaizumi M 2009 J.Spacecr.Rockets 46 697
[16]Toyoda K,Masui H,Muranaka T,Cho M,Urabe T,Miura T,Kawakita S,Gonohe Y,Kikuchi T 2008 IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.36 2413
[17]Davis V A,Mandell M J,Cooke D C,Wheelock A,MatéoVélez J C,Roussel J F,Payan D,Cho M,Koga K 2013 IEEETrans.Plasma Sci.41 3303
[18]Zhang P 2017 J.Comput.Theoret.Trans.46 330
[19]Donegan M M,Sample J L,Dennison J R,Hoffmann R 2010J.Spacecr.Rockets 47 134
[20]Liu J,Zhang H B,Ding Y H,Tong J S,Yuan Y,Zhao Q2019 Micron 116 100
[21]Liu J,Zhang H B 2014 Micron 67 12
[22]Sayehi M,Sahnoun R D,Fakhfakh S,Baklouti S 2018Ceram.Int.44 5202
[23]Ammar L B,Fakhfakh S,Jbara O,Rondot S,Hadjadj A 2017Micron 98 39
[24]Fakhfakh S,Jbara O,Rondot S,Hadjadj A,Fakhfakh Z 2012J.Non-Cryst.Solids 358 1157
[25]Li W Q,Zhang H B 2008 Acta Phys.Sin.57 3219(in Chinese)[李维勤,张海波2008物理学报57 3219]
[26]Li W Q,Zhang H B 2010 Appl.Surf.Sci.256 3482
[27]Li W Q,Zhang H B 2010 Micron 41 416
[28]Sessler G M 1992 IEEE Trans.Electr.Insul.27 961
[29]Sessler G M,Figueiredo M T,Ferreira G F L 2004 IEEE Trans.Dielectr.Electr.Insul.11 192
[30]Miyake H,Tanaka Y 2017 Sensor.Mater.29 1213
[31]Hiro S,Tsuji K,Fujii H 1999 Electr.Eng.Jpn.129 10
[32]Miyake H,Honjoh M,Maruta S,Tanaka Y,Takada T,Koga K,Matsumoto H,Goka T,Dirassen B,Levy L,Payan D 2007Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena Vancouver,Canda,Oct.14-17,2007p763
[33]Fitting H J,Touzin M 2011 J.Appl.Phys.110 044111