银耳幼耳停止生长的原因研究
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摘要
本研究以银耳(Tremella fuciformis)的幼耳发育不良菌棒和同批次棉籽壳为材料,通过棉籽壳的质量检测、菌棒的生理生化指标测定和不同处理的重栽试验,从原料棉籽壳角度探索幼耳停止生长的原因。棉籽壳质量检测结果表明,棉籽壳营养成分含量均符合《食用菌栽培原料用棉籽壳》标准要求,但通过浮力试验和显微镜观察显示棉籽壳中掺杂泥、沙、石、灰等小颗粒物质和一些蜡状物质,棉绒短而少。通过对菌棒内菌丝分离培养,菌糠浸提液观察,含水量、酶活力等理化指标检测结果均表明幼耳发育不良的菌棒内的菌丝代谢活动受到抑制,这可能是由于棉籽壳质量问题导致菌棒孔隙度降低,造成缺氧,从而抑制了菌丝代谢活动。重栽试验表明幼耳发育不良的菌棒内存在某种有害物质抑制了银耳的生长发育。因此,棉籽壳作为银耳栽培主要原料,质量检测至关重要,其将直接影响银耳的出耳,造成菇农损失,因此原料质量问题应引起重视。
In this study, the dysplastic Tremella fuciformis stick and uncultivated cottonseed shell were used as study material,through the quality detection of cottonseed hull, the determination of physiological and biochemical indexes and the replanting experiments of different treatments, the reasons why the immature T. fuciformis stopped growing were explored from the perspective of raw material of cottonseed hulls. The quality test results of cottonseed shell showed that the contents of the cottonseed shell were all in accordance with the standard requirements, but the buoyancy experiment and microscope observation showed that cottonseed shell are doped with sediment, lime and other small particles and some waxy substances, the velveteen was short and seldom. The mycelium in culture rods was isolated and cultured, through the observation of fungus stick extraction solution,the results of physical and chemical indexes such as water content and enzyme activity showed that the hyphae metabolism in the rod of immature T. fuciformis was inhibited. This may be caused by the quality of the cottonseed shell, which caused the decrease of the porosity of the rod, the anoxia and the inhibition of the mycelial metabolism. The replanting test showed that the growth and development of T. fuciformis were inhibited by some harmful substances in the stick. Therefore, the problem of raw material was one of the main reasons that caused the development stop of T. fuciformis.
In this study, the dysplastic Tremella fuciformis stick and uncultivated cottonseed shell were used as study material,through the quality detection of cottonseed hull, the determination of physiological and biochemical indexes and the replanting experiments of different treatments, the reasons why the immature T. fuciformis stopped growing were explored from the perspective of raw material of cottonseed hulls. The quality test results of cottonseed shell showed that the contents of the cottonseed shell were all in accordance with the standard requirements, but the buoyancy experiment and microscope observation showed that cottonseed shell are doped with sediment, lime and other small particles and some waxy substances, the velveteen was short and seldom. The mycelium in culture rods was isolated and cultured, through the observation of fungus stick extraction solution,the results of physical and chemical indexes such as water content and enzyme activity showed that the hyphae metabolism in the rod of immature T. fuciformis was inhibited. This may be caused by the quality of the cottonseed shell, which caused the decrease of the porosity of the rod, the anoxia and the inhibition of the mycelial metabolism. The replanting test showed that the growth and development of T. fuciformis were inhibited by some harmful substances in the stick. Therefore, the problem of raw material was one of the main reasons that caused the development stop of T. fuciformis.
引文
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[2]林辉,赖淑芳,郑珠霜,等.香灰菌与银耳混合培养过程中酶系的相互作用[J].中国食用菌,2015,34(4):57-61.
[3]刘斌.香菇菌糟的综合利用研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2016.
[4]郭艳艳,阮玲云,冯宏昌,等.不同营养条件下斑玉蕈菌丝生长及产酶特性[J].菌物学报,2014,33(3):697-705.
[5]孙静,耿慧莉,莫德馨.中温-α-淀粉酶活性的定量测定[J].教学仪器与实验,2009,25(11):44-45.
[6]李科,孙彦平,蔡小波,等.黄曲霉产木聚糖酶条件优化及酶解产物初步分析[J].生物技术通报,2009(S1):348-351,363.
[7]胡开辉,刘建忠,孙淑静,等.斑玉蕈育种中漆酶转化体系建立的初步研究[J].菌物学报,2010,29(4):528-535.
[8]黄毅.食用菌栽培[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.
[9]丁湖广.银耳栽培管理中的常见病症[J].致富天地,2007,2:32-32.
[10]徐碧如.银耳分解木材能力的测定[J].微生物学通报,1984,11(6):257.
[11]黄年来.银耳的生物学及其栽培[J].真菌试验,1982(7):1-14.
[12]黄年来.银耳菌种生产的原理与方法[J].食用菌,2007,29(1):25-27.
[13]王玉万.银耳耳友菌降解木质纤维素的研究[J].生态学杂志,1988,7(4):14-16.
[14]王玉万.银耳及其伴生菌营养生理生态研究[J].应用生态学报,1993,4(1):59-64.
[15]项丽娟.菌草银耳品质及其主要活性成分的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2012.
[16]周光龙.漆酶制剂及其在食用菌生产中的应用[J].食用菌,1994,16(4):13-14.
[17]张汉文.银耳菌种生理性变与生态失控所致病害的研究[J].中国食用菌,1999,18(5):36-37.