不同钾源对土壤微生物和烤烟产质量的影响
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摘要
烟草是一种喜钾的经济作物,钾含量对其品质形成具有重要作用,试验设置硫酸钾(T2)、碳酸钾(T3)、黄腐酸钾(T4)和腐殖酸钾(T5) 4个钾肥处理,以不施钾肥(T1)为对照,对烟株圆顶期土壤微生物以及烟叶钾含量和烤后烟叶化学成分进行测定,并对其综合经济性状进行测算,探讨不同钾源在烟草上的施用效果。结果表明,与不施钾(T1)相比,施用硫酸钾(T2)可以显著增加土壤微生物总数、细菌和放线菌数量,其它钾源处理均在一定程度上降低了土壤微生物总数和细菌数量,施钾处理的真菌数量均显著降低;施钾处理烟叶化学成分较协调,综合经济性状均得以提升,其中以腐殖酸钾(T5)处理综合效果最好,本试验条件下可获得的烟叶产量和产值分别为3 645.00 kg·hm~(-2),92 580.15元·hm~(-2),其次是碳酸钾(T3),其产量和产值分别为3 626.48 kg·hm~(-2)和91 789.05元·hm~(-2)。结合投入成本,推荐施用腐殖酸钾(T5)作为烟草钾肥,可以较好地改善烟叶的品质并提高经济效益。
Tobacco is an important commercial crop which likes potassium. Potassium content plays an important role in the formation of its quality. The experiment was conducted with four potassium fertilizers, which included potassium sulfate(T2), potassium carbonate(T3), potassium fulvic acid(T4) and potassium humate(T5), and the treatment without potassium fertilizer(T1) was as control. The soil micro-organisms, tobacco leaf potassium and chemical components content in the dome-period were measured, and the comprehensive economic characters were analyzed, to discuss the application effect of different potassium sources on tobacco. The results showed that, compared with the control(T1), the potassium sulfate treatment(T2) significantly increased the total number of soil microorganisms, and also the number of bacteria and actinomycetes, while the other potassium treatments(T3～T5) reduced the total number of soil microorganisms and also the bacteria number, all the 4 potassium treatments significantly decreased the soil fungi number.The tobacco leaf chemical composition in the potassium treatments was more harmonious, and the economic characters were higher than that in the control, in which the potassium humic acid treatment(T5) was the best, and the second one was the potassium carbonate treatment(T3), the yield and the output value in the experiment conditions were 3 645.00 kg·hm~(-2) and 92 580.15 yuan·hm~(-2),3 626.48 kg·hm~(-2) and 91 789.05 yuan·hm~(-2), respectively. Combined with the cost of input, the application of potassium humic acid(T5) was recommended as potassium fertilizer which could improve the quality and economic benefits of tobacco leaves.
Tobacco is an important commercial crop which likes potassium. Potassium content plays an important role in the formation of its quality. The experiment was conducted with four potassium fertilizers, which included potassium sulfate(T2), potassium carbonate(T3), potassium fulvic acid(T4) and potassium humate(T5), and the treatment without potassium fertilizer(T1) was as control. The soil micro-organisms, tobacco leaf potassium and chemical components content in the dome-period were measured, and the comprehensive economic characters were analyzed, to discuss the application effect of different potassium sources on tobacco. The results showed that, compared with the control(T1), the potassium sulfate treatment(T2) significantly increased the total number of soil microorganisms, and also the number of bacteria and actinomycetes, while the other potassium treatments(T3～T5) reduced the total number of soil microorganisms and also the bacteria number, all the 4 potassium treatments significantly decreased the soil fungi number.The tobacco leaf chemical composition in the potassium treatments was more harmonious, and the economic characters were higher than that in the control, in which the potassium humic acid treatment(T5) was the best, and the second one was the potassium carbonate treatment(T3), the yield and the output value in the experiment conditions were 3 645.00 kg·hm~(-2) and 92 580.15 yuan·hm~(-2),3 626.48 kg·hm~(-2) and 91 789.05 yuan·hm~(-2), respectively. Combined with the cost of input, the application of potassium humic acid(T5) was recommended as potassium fertilizer which could improve the quality and economic benefits of tobacco leaves.
引文
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[20]李勇,逄涛,师君丽,等.国内外主产烟区烤烟化学成分分析[J].中国烟草科学,2013,34(1):12-16.
[21]李志鹏,刘浩,于晓娜,等.黄腐酸对植烟土壤改良及烟叶品质的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2016,47(4):914-920.
[22]冒辛平,柯英,朱建宁,等.不同钾源对设施番茄生长发育、品质及钾素吸收的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(12):186-189.
[23]谌琛,同延安,路永莉,等.不同钾肥种类对苹果产量、品质及耐贮性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):216-224.
[24]段玉,张君,王博,等.钾肥品种和施钾时期对马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(2):1-6, 12.
[25]盖亚波,娄翼来,王玲莉,等.腐殖酸钾肥对烤烟烟叶产量和质量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2008(8):117,119.
[26]梁太波,王振林,刘兰兰,等.腐殖酸钾对生姜生长、钾素吸收及钾肥利用率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008(1):87-90, 139.
[27]王安东,张丽萍,徐立佳,等.腐殖酸钾、腐殖酸镁对水稻的增产抗病效果试验[J].北方水稻,2008(2):40-41.
[28]李兆君,陆欣,王申贵,等.腐植酸尿素对玉米产量及品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2004(4):322-324.
[29]毛家伟,张翔,杨立均,等.优质烤烟对不同种类钾肥的吸收效应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(1):56-60.
[30]张翔,毛家伟,翟文汇,等.不同钾肥种类及追施深度对烤烟经济性状和养分吸收的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(2):69-73.
[2]李亮,张翔,王亚宁,等.不同栽培方式与追钾时间对烤烟光合特性、钾含量及产质量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(4):67-74,113.
[3]LU L, CHEN Y, LU L, et al. Transcriptome analysis reveals dynamic changes in the gene expression of tobacco seedlings under low potassium stress[J].Journal of genetics,2015,94(3):397-406.
[4]张翔,黄元炯,范艺宽.河南植烟土壤与烤烟营养[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2009.
[5]毛家伟,翟文汇,孙大为,等.不同种类钾肥对烤烟SPAD值、根系活力及经济性状的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015(5):584-587.
[6]杨亚东,王志敏,曾昭海.长期施肥和灌溉对土壤细菌数量、多样性和群落结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018(2):290-301.
[7]ZAMIOUDIS C,PIETERSE C M.Modulation of host immunity by beneficial microbes[J].Molecular plant-microbe interactions:MPMI,2012,25(2):139-150.
[8]CHAPARRO J M, SHEFLIN A M, MANTER D K, et al.Manipulating the soil microbiome to increase soil health and plant fertility[J].Biology and fertility of soils,2012,48(5):489-499.
[9]王伏伟,王晓波,李金才,等.施肥及秸秆还田对砂姜黑土细菌群落的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1302-1311.
[10]陈丽燕,戴华鑫,陈江华,等.豫中烟区土壤微生物特性及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J].烟草科技,2017,50(5):1-9.
[11]李斌,谢关林,陈若霞,等.耕作与栽培方式对瓜类土壤细菌数量及枯萎病拮抗细菌分布的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1937-1940.
[12]陈冬梅,柯文辉,陈兰兰,等.连作对白肋烟根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1751-1758.
[13]刘国顺,叶协锋,王英元,等.褐土区不同钾肥施用量对烟株钾含量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2005,11(1):18-22.
[14]王贺祥.农业微生物学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[15]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[16]毛家伟,杨立均,张翔,等.减氮配施生物菌剂对土壤肥力及烟叶产质量影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(15):56-61.
[17]袁红朝,吴昊,葛体达,等.长期施肥对稻田土壤细菌、古菌多样性和群落结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1807-1813.
[18]黄玥.施肥和种植方式对烤烟、玉米根际微生物数量及细菌群落的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.
[19]王英,王爽,李伟群,等.长期定位施肥对土壤微生物区系的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2007,38(5):632-636.
[20]李勇,逄涛,师君丽,等.国内外主产烟区烤烟化学成分分析[J].中国烟草科学,2013,34(1):12-16.
[21]李志鹏,刘浩,于晓娜,等.黄腐酸对植烟土壤改良及烟叶品质的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2016,47(4):914-920.
[22]冒辛平,柯英,朱建宁,等.不同钾源对设施番茄生长发育、品质及钾素吸收的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(12):186-189.
[23]谌琛,同延安,路永莉,等.不同钾肥种类对苹果产量、品质及耐贮性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):216-224.
[24]段玉,张君,王博,等.钾肥品种和施钾时期对马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(2):1-6, 12.
[25]盖亚波,娄翼来,王玲莉,等.腐殖酸钾肥对烤烟烟叶产量和质量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2008(8):117,119.
[26]梁太波,王振林,刘兰兰,等.腐殖酸钾对生姜生长、钾素吸收及钾肥利用率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008(1):87-90, 139.
[27]王安东,张丽萍,徐立佳,等.腐殖酸钾、腐殖酸镁对水稻的增产抗病效果试验[J].北方水稻,2008(2):40-41.
[28]李兆君,陆欣,王申贵,等.腐植酸尿素对玉米产量及品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2004(4):322-324.
[29]毛家伟,张翔,杨立均,等.优质烤烟对不同种类钾肥的吸收效应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(1):56-60.
[30]张翔,毛家伟,翟文汇,等.不同钾肥种类及追施深度对烤烟经济性状和养分吸收的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(2):69-73.