渗透力对新奥法隧道掌子面稳定性的影响
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摘要
因实际掌子面没有支护力,用支护力反映新奥法隧道掌子面稳定性存在缺陷,为此,提出用虚拟支护力表示。在分析渗流场基础上,结合强度折减法和极限分析上限法,推导存在渗透力的掌子面稳定安全系数公式,并应用于实际隧道工程;分析水位高度、帷幕注浆长度等参数对渗透力与掌子面稳定性影响的规律;最后对孔隙水压力与渗透力进行计算。研究结果表明:随着水位升高,单位平均渗透力增大,掌子面安全系数呈负指数降低;若仅考虑水平渗透力而忽略竖向渗透力,则所得结果偏不安全;帷幕注浆的安全系数比无注浆时的高,但渗透力比无注浆的大;随着掌子面前方帷幕注浆长度增加,水平渗透力减小,而竖向渗透力增加,安全系数略微减小;减小台阶开挖高度,可以提高掌子面的稳定性;随着黏聚力和内摩擦角增大,掌子面稳定安全系数提高,但增加梯度减小。
Because the actual tunnel face is unsupported, there is a defect of using the support pressure to evaluate tunnel face stability by new Austria tunneling method, so virtual support pressure was used to express it. On the basis of the analysis of seepage field and combining the strength reduction method and the upper bound limit method, the formula of the stability safety factor containing the tunnel face of the seepage force was derived and applied in the actual tunnel engineering. The influence of water level and curtain grouting length on permeability and face stability were analyzed.Finally, some calculation methods of pore water pressure and permeability were discussed. The results show that when the water level increases, the average seepage force increases, and the safety factor of the tunnel face decreases as a negative index. If only the horizontal seepage force is considered and the vertical permeability is ignored, the result is not safe. The safety factor of curtain grouting is higher than that without grouting, but the seepage force is greater than that without grouting. With the increase of curtain grouting length in the front of the tunnel face, the horizontal seepage force decreases, while the vertical seepage force increases, and the safety factor decreases slightly. The stability of the tunnel face can be improved by reducing the excavation height. With the increase of cohesion and internal friction angle, the safety factor of tunnel face increases, but the increasing gradient decreases.
Because the actual tunnel face is unsupported, there is a defect of using the support pressure to evaluate tunnel face stability by new Austria tunneling method, so virtual support pressure was used to express it. On the basis of the analysis of seepage field and combining the strength reduction method and the upper bound limit method, the formula of the stability safety factor containing the tunnel face of the seepage force was derived and applied in the actual tunnel engineering. The influence of water level and curtain grouting length on permeability and face stability were analyzed.Finally, some calculation methods of pore water pressure and permeability were discussed. The results show that when the water level increases, the average seepage force increases, and the safety factor of the tunnel face decreases as a negative index. If only the horizontal seepage force is considered and the vertical permeability is ignored, the result is not safe. The safety factor of curtain grouting is higher than that without grouting, but the seepage force is greater than that without grouting. With the increase of curtain grouting length in the front of the tunnel face, the horizontal seepage force decreases, while the vertical seepage force increases, and the safety factor decreases slightly. The stability of the tunnel face can be improved by reducing the excavation height. With the increase of cohesion and internal friction angle, the safety factor of tunnel face increases, but the increasing gradient decreases.
引文
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[19]黄戡,杨伟军,马启昂,等.基于渗流应力耦合的基坑开挖受力特性及其对邻近地铁隧道的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2019,50(1):198-205.HUANG Kan,YANG Weijun,MA Qi’ang,et al.Influence of foundation excavation pit on adjacent metro tunnel using fluid-solid mechanics theory[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2019,50(1):198-205.
[20]岳健,冷伍明,安永林,等.水下浅埋暗挖小净距隧道安全贯通的力学行为与施工措施[J].自然灾害学报,2016,25(4):142-151.YUE Jian,LENG Wuming,AN Yonglin,et al.Mechanical behavior and construction measures of transfixing safely to underwater tunnels with small clear spacing by shallow mining method[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2016,25(4):142-151.
[21]岳健,谭仁华,安永林,等.河水位变化影响下水下隧道的施工力学行为[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2016,13(11):2211-2219.YUE Jian,TAN Renhua,AN Yonglin,et al.Mechanical behavior of constructed underwater tunnel considering influence of river water level fluctuation[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2016,13(11):2211-2219.
[22]CHEN W F.Limit analysis and soil plasticity[M].New York:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1975:50-55.
[23]吕玺琳,王浩然,黄茂松.盾构隧道开挖面稳定极限理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(1):57-62.LüXilin,WANG Haoran,HUANG Maosong.Limit theoretical study on face stability of shield tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(1):57-62.
[24]李鹏飞,张顶立,赵勇.渗流作用下海底隧道开挖面围岩稳定性分析[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(3):130-136.LI Pengfei,ZHANG Dingli,ZHAO Yong.Stability analysis of subsea tunnel face considering seepage[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2013,26(3):130-136.
[25]BISHOP A W.The use of pore-pressure coefficients in practice[J].Geotechnique,1954,4(4):148-152.
[2]ANAGNOSTOU G,KOVáRI K.The face stability of slurry shield-driven tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1994,9(2):165-174.
[3]NOMIKOS P P,SOFIANOS A I,TSOUTRELIS C E.Symmetric wedge in the roof of a tunnel excavated in an inclined stress field[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(1):59-67.
[4]LOGANATHAN N,POULOS H G,STEWART D P.Centrifuge model testing of tunnelling-induced ground and pile deformations[J].Geotechnique,2000,50(3):283-294.
[5]BILOTTA E,TAYLOR R N.Centrifuge modelling of tunnelling close to a diaphragm wall[J].International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics,2005,5(1):27-41.
[6]DE BUHAN P,CUVILLIER A,DORMIEUX L,et al.Face stability of shallow circular tunnels driven under the water table:a numerical analysis[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1999,23(1):79-95.
[7]BROERE W,VAN TOl A.Influence of infiltration and groundwater flow on tunnel face stability[C]//Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground.Tokyo,Japan,2000:339-344.
[8]CALLARI C.Coupled numerical analysis of strain localization induced by shallow tunnels in saturated soil[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2004,31(3):193-207.
[9]LEE I M,NAM S W.The study of seepage forces acting on the tunnel lining and tunnel face in shallow tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16(1):31-40.
[10]LEE I M,NAM S W.Effect of tunnel advance rate on seepage forces acting on the underwater tunnel face[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(3):273-281.
[11]LEE I M,NAM S W,AHN J H.Effect of seepage forces on tunnel face stability[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2004,19(5):273-281.
[12]荣传新,程桦.地下水渗流对巷道围岩稳定性影响的理论解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):741-744.RONG Chuanxin,CHENG Hua.Stability analysis of rock around tunnel with ground water permeation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):741-744.
[13]李宗利,任青文,王亚红.考虑渗流场影响深埋圆形隧道的弹塑性解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1291-1296.LI Zhongli,REN Qingwen,WANG Yahong.Elasto-plastic analytical solution of deep-buried circle tunnel considering fluid fluid flow field[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1291-1296.
[14]曹成勇,施成华,雷明锋,等.浅埋透水地层泥水盾构开挖面极限支护压力研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(9):3131-3139.CAO Chengyong,SHI Chenghua,LEI Mingfeng,et al.Limit support pressure for excavation face of shallow slurry shielddriven tunnel in water permeable strata[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(9):3131-3139.
[15]胡文轩.富水隧道掌子面稳定性分析[D].湘潭:湖南科技大学土木工程学院,2018:1-6.HU Wenxuan.Analysis of tunnel face stability of water-rich tunnel[D].Xiangtan:Hunan University of Science and Technology.School of Civil Engineering,2018:1-6.
[16]安永林,胡文轩,岳健.水下并行隧道施工后行洞对先行洞的影响分析[J].湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,31(2):66-70.AN Yonglin,HU Wenxuan,YUE Jian.Effect of the subsequent driving tunnel on the advanced tunnel of underwater parallel tunnels[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edtion),2016,31(2):66-70.
[17]安永林,彭立敏,李智.水底隧道施工安全风险评估软件开发初步研究[J].湖南交通科技,2016,42(1):122-125.AN Yonglin,PENG Limin,LI Zhi.Preliminary study on development of safety risk assessment software for underwater tunnel construction[J].Hunan Communication Science and Technology,2016,42(1):122-125.
[18]黄戡,杨伟军,安永林,等.水位与进尺及支护时机对富水隧道稳定性的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,49(11):2843-2851.HUANG Kan,YANG Weijun,AN Yonglin,et al.Influence of different water levels,footages and upporting time on the stability of rich water tunnel[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2018,49(11):2843-2851.
[19]黄戡,杨伟军,马启昂,等.基于渗流应力耦合的基坑开挖受力特性及其对邻近地铁隧道的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2019,50(1):198-205.HUANG Kan,YANG Weijun,MA Qi’ang,et al.Influence of foundation excavation pit on adjacent metro tunnel using fluid-solid mechanics theory[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2019,50(1):198-205.
[20]岳健,冷伍明,安永林,等.水下浅埋暗挖小净距隧道安全贯通的力学行为与施工措施[J].自然灾害学报,2016,25(4):142-151.YUE Jian,LENG Wuming,AN Yonglin,et al.Mechanical behavior and construction measures of transfixing safely to underwater tunnels with small clear spacing by shallow mining method[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2016,25(4):142-151.
[21]岳健,谭仁华,安永林,等.河水位变化影响下水下隧道的施工力学行为[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2016,13(11):2211-2219.YUE Jian,TAN Renhua,AN Yonglin,et al.Mechanical behavior of constructed underwater tunnel considering influence of river water level fluctuation[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2016,13(11):2211-2219.
[22]CHEN W F.Limit analysis and soil plasticity[M].New York:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1975:50-55.
[23]吕玺琳,王浩然,黄茂松.盾构隧道开挖面稳定极限理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(1):57-62.LüXilin,WANG Haoran,HUANG Maosong.Limit theoretical study on face stability of shield tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(1):57-62.
[24]李鹏飞,张顶立,赵勇.渗流作用下海底隧道开挖面围岩稳定性分析[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(3):130-136.LI Pengfei,ZHANG Dingli,ZHAO Yong.Stability analysis of subsea tunnel face considering seepage[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2013,26(3):130-136.
[25]BISHOP A W.The use of pore-pressure coefficients in practice[J].Geotechnique,1954,4(4):148-152.