常压页岩气形成机制、分布规律及勘探前景——以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组—龙马溪组为例
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摘要
常压页岩气藏的压力系数和含气量较低,地层能量较弱,具有中—低丰度、中—低品位、资源总量大和储量规模大等特征。中国南方常压页岩气藏分布广泛,具有良好的地质背景与富集条件,但其类型、形成机制和富集规律不明。基于页岩气勘探开发实践和地质解剖,探讨了四川盆地及其周缘五峰组—龙马溪组常压页岩气藏的类型、形成机制、分布特征和富集规律,提出了常压页岩气藏勘探开发的前景与技术对策。研究认为,常压页岩气藏主要包括优质页岩缺失/减薄型、早期逸散型、断裂破坏型和残留向斜型4种类型。常压页岩气藏的分布与富集明显受构造作用控制。通过对常压页岩气藏的类型、特征和形成机制等综合分析,认为残留向斜型常压页岩气藏为目前最有利的勘探开发类型。地质评价中应聚焦在靠近盆地、抬升时间晚、残留向斜面积大、远离深—大断裂且裂缝封闭时间早的地区开展研究,优选靠近向斜核部、构造稳定、相对高压力系数和埋深适中的区域开展页岩气勘探开发。技术对策上,建议钻井上采用低泥浆密度钻井液,压裂上采取少段多簇、大排量、中等液量和高砂量,以此来实现经济有效的体积改造。该研究成果将为常压页岩气的地质评价和勘探实践提供参考。
Normal pressure shale gas reservoirs have low pressure coefficient and gas content as well as small stratum energy,characterized by mid-low abundance,mid-low grade,large amount of resource and large scale of reserves.Normal pressure shale gas reservoirs are widely distributed in South China with favorable geological settings and accumulation conditions,but their types,formation mechanism and enrichment regularities are still unknown.According to the shale gas exploration and development practice as well as geological analyses,this study explores the types,formation mechanism,distribution characteristics and enrichment laws of normal pressure shale gas reservoir,and proposes the exploration prospect and technical strategies of normal pressure shale gas reservoirs.This research suggests that there are four main types of normal pressure shale gas reservoirs,i.e.,absent/thinning type of high-quality shales,early escaping type,fault failure type and residual syncline type.The distribution and enrichment of normal pressure shale gas reservoirs are obviously controlled by geological tectonism.Through comprehensively analyzing the types,formation mechanism and features of normal pressure shale gas reservoirs,it is suggested that the residual syncline type is the most favorable exploration target.Geological evaluation should focus on the areas close to basin,far from regional deep fault,showing late uplift,large area of residual syncline,and early sealing of fractures.The exploration and development target should preferentially be adjacent to the center of syncline with stable struc-ture,high pressure coefficient and moderate burial depth.As for technical countermeasures,it is recommended to use the drilling fluid with low mud density and the fracturing with small number of segments and multi-perforation clusters,large displacement,medium liquid volume and high sand volume to achieve cost-effective volume transformation.The research results can provide a reference for the geological evaluation and exploration practice of normal pressure shale gas reservoirs.
Normal pressure shale gas reservoirs have low pressure coefficient and gas content as well as small stratum energy,characterized by mid-low abundance,mid-low grade,large amount of resource and large scale of reserves.Normal pressure shale gas reservoirs are widely distributed in South China with favorable geological settings and accumulation conditions,but their types,formation mechanism and enrichment regularities are still unknown.According to the shale gas exploration and development practice as well as geological analyses,this study explores the types,formation mechanism,distribution characteristics and enrichment laws of normal pressure shale gas reservoir,and proposes the exploration prospect and technical strategies of normal pressure shale gas reservoirs.This research suggests that there are four main types of normal pressure shale gas reservoirs,i.e.,absent/thinning type of high-quality shales,early escaping type,fault failure type and residual syncline type.The distribution and enrichment of normal pressure shale gas reservoirs are obviously controlled by geological tectonism.Through comprehensively analyzing the types,formation mechanism and features of normal pressure shale gas reservoirs,it is suggested that the residual syncline type is the most favorable exploration target.Geological evaluation should focus on the areas close to basin,far from regional deep fault,showing late uplift,large area of residual syncline,and early sealing of fractures.The exploration and development target should preferentially be adjacent to the center of syncline with stable struc-ture,high pressure coefficient and moderate burial depth.As for technical countermeasures,it is recommended to use the drilling fluid with low mud density and the fracturing with small number of segments and multi-perforation clusters,large displacement,medium liquid volume and high sand volume to achieve cost-effective volume transformation.The research results can provide a reference for the geological evaluation and exploration practice of normal pressure shale gas reservoirs.
引文
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