基于遗传算法与边界元理论的声屏障优化
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摘要
针对由高速铁路、高速公路等引起的交通噪声,运用成本效益分析法对声屏障的组合结构形式进行优化,并进行模型试验。结果表明:声功率插入损失随着声屏障高度的增加而增大,当声屏障高度达到2.8 m时,其效益价值比达到最大;复合型声屏障内外侧均出现插入损失极值区,优化后的复合型声屏障插入损失比吸声型声屏障高2 dB(A);T形折壁型声屏障降噪效果优于直壁型声屏障,其插入损失比直壁型声屏障高1.1 dB(A)。试验实测声屏障的插入损失分布规律与理论计算基本一致,复合型声屏障实测插入损失较最大值偏离1.3 dB(A),离散程度为1.89%,T形声屏障实测插入损失较最大值偏离1.6 dB(A),离散程度为2.28%。
In response to the traffic noise caused by high-speed railway and highway, the cost-benefit analysis method was used to optimize the combination types of noise barrier structure, and model tests were carried out. The calculation and tests results show that the sound power insertion loss increases with the increase of the height of noise barrier. The benefit-value ratio of the noise barrier reaches the maximum when its height reaches 2.8 m. The insertion loss extremum zone exists in both inside and outside the compound noise barrier. The insertion loss of the optimized compound noise barrier is 2 dB(A) higher than that of absorption type noise barrier. The noise reduction of T-shape noise barrier is better than that of the straight wall type, with the insertion loss of the type of noise barrier 1.1 dB(A) higher than that of the straight wall. Model tests show that the insertion-loss distribution law of the measured noise barrier basically consists with that of the theoretical calculation results. The measured insertion loss of compound noise-barrier deviates from the maximum value by 1.3 dB(A) with its discretion degree of 2.39%. The measured insertion loss of T-shape noise-barrier deviates from the maximum by 1.6 dB(A) with its discretion degree of 2.88%.
In response to the traffic noise caused by high-speed railway and highway, the cost-benefit analysis method was used to optimize the combination types of noise barrier structure, and model tests were carried out. The calculation and tests results show that the sound power insertion loss increases with the increase of the height of noise barrier. The benefit-value ratio of the noise barrier reaches the maximum when its height reaches 2.8 m. The insertion loss extremum zone exists in both inside and outside the compound noise barrier. The insertion loss of the optimized compound noise barrier is 2 dB(A) higher than that of absorption type noise barrier. The noise reduction of T-shape noise barrier is better than that of the straight wall type, with the insertion loss of the type of noise barrier 1.1 dB(A) higher than that of the straight wall. Model tests show that the insertion-loss distribution law of the measured noise barrier basically consists with that of the theoretical calculation results. The measured insertion loss of compound noise-barrier deviates from the maximum value by 1.3 dB(A) with its discretion degree of 2.39%. The measured insertion loss of T-shape noise-barrier deviates from the maximum by 1.6 dB(A) with its discretion degree of 2.88%.
引文
[1] 刘春妮.西安市交通生态足迹分析及机动车出行控制研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.
[2] 赵武胜,陈卫忠,谭贤君,等.高性能泡沫混凝土隧道隔震材料研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(8):1544-1552.ZHAO Wusheng,CHEN Weizhong,TAN Xianjun,et al.High-performance Foam Concrete for Seismic-isolation Materials of Tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(8):1544-1552.
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[4] 何宾,肖新标,周信,等.高速铁路声屏障几何形状声学性能数值模拟[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(2):99-107.HE Bin,XIAO Xinbiao,ZHOU Xin,et al.Numerical Study on Acoustic Performance of High-speed Railway Noise Barriers with Different Geometric Shape[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(2):99-107.
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[13] 王书云,闫春雨,刘冰玉.北京市典型交通环境噪声安全性分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(10):126-132.WANG Shuyun,YAN Chunyu,LIU Bingyu.Safety Analysis of Representative Urban Traffic Environment Noise in Beijing[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(10):126-132.
[14] 周信,肖新标,何宾,等.高速铁路声屏障降噪效果预测及其验证[J].机械工程学报,2013,20(10):14-19.ZHOU Xin,XIAO Xinbiao,HE Bin,et al.Numerical Model for Predicting the Noise Reduction of Noise Barrier of High Speed Railway and Its Test Validation[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,20(10):14-19.
[15] 卢洋,蒋中锐.屏体吸声性能对道路声屏障插入损失的影响[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(1):92-96.LU Yang,JIANG Zhongrui.The Influence of Sound Absorptive Surface to the Performance of Noise Barrier[J].Environmental Impact Assessment,2015,37(1):92-96.
[16] AMINI S,WILTON D T.An Investigation of Boundary Element Methods for the Exterior Acoustic Problem[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1986,54(1):49-65.
[17] 陈丛波.围蔽的城市街道对交通噪声的影响及噪声传播规律分析[D].合肥:安徽建筑大学,2015.
[18] 张继萍,Paul Burge,赵长军.噪声控制工程中成本效益分析应用进展与重要案例[J].环境污染与防治,2008(3):71-77.ZHANG Jiping,Paul Burge,ZHAO Changjun.Application Progesses and Valuable Cases of Cost Benefit Analysis in Noise Control Engineering[J].Environmental Pollution & Control,2008(3):71-77.
[19] 国家环境保护总局.HJ/T 90—2004 声屏障声学设计和测量规范[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004.
[2] 赵武胜,陈卫忠,谭贤君,等.高性能泡沫混凝土隧道隔震材料研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(8):1544-1552.ZHAO Wusheng,CHEN Weizhong,TAN Xianjun,et al.High-performance Foam Concrete for Seismic-isolation Materials of Tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(8):1544-1552.
[3] 邓晓龙.内燃机主要部件结构噪声预测及优化控制研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2004.
[4] 何宾,肖新标,周信,等.高速铁路声屏障几何形状声学性能数值模拟[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(2):99-107.HE Bin,XIAO Xinbiao,ZHOU Xin,et al.Numerical Study on Acoustic Performance of High-speed Railway Noise Barriers with Different Geometric Shape[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(2):99-107.
[5] 周信,肖新标,何宾,等.高速铁路声屏障插入损失影响因素及规律[J].西南交通大学学报,2014,49(6):1024-1031.ZHOU Xin,XIAO Xinbiao,HE Bin,et al.Influential Factors and Rules for Insertion Loss of High-speed Railway Noise Barriers[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2014,49(6):1024-1031.
[6] GREINER D,AZNáREZ J J,MAESO O,et al.Single-and Multi-objective Shape Design of Y-noise Barriers Using Evolutionary Computation and Boundary Elements[J].Advances in Engineering Software,2010,41(2):368-378.
[7] GRUBE?A S,JAMBRO?IC K,DOMITROVIC H.Noise Barriers with Varying Cross-section Optimized by Genetic Algorithms[J].Applied Acoustics,2012,73(11):1129-1137.
[8] ISHIZUKA T,FUJIWARA K.Performance of Noise Barriers with Various Edge Shapes and Acoustical Conditions[J].Applied Acoustics,2004,65(2):125-141.
[9] DUHRING M B,JENSEN J S,SIGMUND O.Acoustic Design by Topology Optimization[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,317(3/4/5):557-575.
[10] TOLEDO R,AZNáREZ J J,MAESO O,et al.Optimization of Thin Noise Barrier Designs Using Evolutionary Algorithms and a Dual BEM Formulation[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2015,334:219-238.
[11] 宋帅.高速公路声屏障降噪效果分析及选型适用性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2014.
[12] 蒋康.公路声屏障优化研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.
[13] 王书云,闫春雨,刘冰玉.北京市典型交通环境噪声安全性分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(10):126-132.WANG Shuyun,YAN Chunyu,LIU Bingyu.Safety Analysis of Representative Urban Traffic Environment Noise in Beijing[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(10):126-132.
[14] 周信,肖新标,何宾,等.高速铁路声屏障降噪效果预测及其验证[J].机械工程学报,2013,20(10):14-19.ZHOU Xin,XIAO Xinbiao,HE Bin,et al.Numerical Model for Predicting the Noise Reduction of Noise Barrier of High Speed Railway and Its Test Validation[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,20(10):14-19.
[15] 卢洋,蒋中锐.屏体吸声性能对道路声屏障插入损失的影响[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(1):92-96.LU Yang,JIANG Zhongrui.The Influence of Sound Absorptive Surface to the Performance of Noise Barrier[J].Environmental Impact Assessment,2015,37(1):92-96.
[16] AMINI S,WILTON D T.An Investigation of Boundary Element Methods for the Exterior Acoustic Problem[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1986,54(1):49-65.
[17] 陈丛波.围蔽的城市街道对交通噪声的影响及噪声传播规律分析[D].合肥:安徽建筑大学,2015.
[18] 张继萍,Paul Burge,赵长军.噪声控制工程中成本效益分析应用进展与重要案例[J].环境污染与防治,2008(3):71-77.ZHANG Jiping,Paul Burge,ZHAO Changjun.Application Progesses and Valuable Cases of Cost Benefit Analysis in Noise Control Engineering[J].Environmental Pollution & Control,2008(3):71-77.
[19] 国家环境保护总局.HJ/T 90—2004 声屏障声学设计和测量规范[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004.