TTI各向异性叠前深度偏移技术在库车复杂山地的应用
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摘要
库车坳陷复杂山地地表地下双重复杂、地表高差大、山体发育、沟壑纵横,古近系膏盐岩挤压变形严重,厚度变化大,盐上浅层高陡,盐下目的层逆冲叠瓦断块发育,导致地震资料信噪比低,成像效果较差。通过多年复杂山地地震资料处理研究,形成了起伏地表TTI各向异性叠前深度偏移技术。叠前深度偏移速度建模中,采用了小平滑基准面,通过微测井约束层析反演计算静校正厚度、时间和速度,建立较高精度的浅表层速度模型;综合应用地表露头、重磁电、地质和钻测井资料约束建立了合理的中深层速度模型;采用井控TTI各向异性参数提取及网格层析成像技术提高了速度模型和成像的精度。通过TTI各向异性叠前深度偏移处理,库车坳陷复杂山地地震资料信噪比和成像质量明显提高,为区带研究及圈闭落实奠定了基础。
The complex mountain areas in Kuqa depression are characterized by complicated surface and underground conditions, large elevation difference, developed mountains and many gullies. The Paleogene gypsum salt rock suffered from serious deformation with large variations in thickness. The post-salt layer is high and steep and thrust imbricated faults are developed in the pre-salt target zone, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio and poor image effect of seismic data. Over many years of research on seismic data processing in complex mountain areas, TTI anisotropic prestack depth migration technology has been developed for relief surfaces. The small smooth datum is used in prestack depth migration modeling. Thickness, time and velocity for static correction are calculated through microlog constrained tomography inversion and high-precision velocity model for shallow layers is established. A reasonable model is established for mid-deep layers by comprehensively using the data of surface outcrop, gravity-magnetic-electronic method, geology and drilling. The qualities and accuracies of the velocity models are improved by using TTI anisotropic parameter extraction and grid tomogrqaphic imaging technology. Based on the TTI anisotropic prestack depth migration processing in the complex mountain areas of Kuqa depression, the signal-to-noise ratio and imaging quality are significantly improved, which lays a foundation for regional geological study and trap identification.
The complex mountain areas in Kuqa depression are characterized by complicated surface and underground conditions, large elevation difference, developed mountains and many gullies. The Paleogene gypsum salt rock suffered from serious deformation with large variations in thickness. The post-salt layer is high and steep and thrust imbricated faults are developed in the pre-salt target zone, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio and poor image effect of seismic data. Over many years of research on seismic data processing in complex mountain areas, TTI anisotropic prestack depth migration technology has been developed for relief surfaces. The small smooth datum is used in prestack depth migration modeling. Thickness, time and velocity for static correction are calculated through microlog constrained tomography inversion and high-precision velocity model for shallow layers is established. A reasonable model is established for mid-deep layers by comprehensively using the data of surface outcrop, gravity-magnetic-electronic method, geology and drilling. The qualities and accuracies of the velocity models are improved by using TTI anisotropic parameter extraction and grid tomogrqaphic imaging technology. Based on the TTI anisotropic prestack depth migration processing in the complex mountain areas of Kuqa depression, the signal-to-noise ratio and imaging quality are significantly improved, which lays a foundation for regional geological study and trap identification.
引文
[1]渥·伊尔马滋.地震资料分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.YILMAZ O. Seismic data analysis[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006.
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[9]徐敏,杨晓,王静,等.叠前深度偏移技术在复杂断块井位目标优化中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(3):73-78.XU Min,YANG Xiao,WANG Jing,et al. Application of pre-stack depth migration technology for optimization of well location target in complicated faulted block structure[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(3):73-78.
[10]黄元溢,罗仁泽,王进海,等.几种叠前深度偏移技术效果对比[J].物探与化探,2011,35(6):798-803.HUANG Yuanyi,LUO Renze,WANG Jinhai,et al. A comparison of the application effects of several prestack depth migration techniques[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(6):798-803.
[11]夏常亮,王永明,夏密丽,等. VTI介质克希霍夫叠前深度偏移及其应用[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(6):732-736.XIA Changliang,WANG Yongming,XIA Mili,et al. VTI media Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration technology and its application[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(6):732-736.
[12]李道善,成剑冰,谢会文,等.克希霍夫叠前时间偏移技术在库车山地的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(5):541-543.LI Daoshan,CHENG Jianbing,XIE Huiwen,et al. Application of Kirchhoff prestack time migration technique in Kuqa mountainous area[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(5):541-543.
[13]田彦灿,曾华会,鲁烈琴,等.各向异性叠前偏移技术及应用[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(5):533-536.TIAN Yancan,ZENG Huahui,LU Lieqin,et al. Anisotropic prestack migration technique and its application[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(5):533-536.
[14]陆道林,迪帮让,孙哲,等.弱信号地震数据目标处理技术[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(2):222-224.LU Daolin,DI Bangrang,SUN Zhe,et al. Target processing technology of weak signal seismic data[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(2):222-224.
[15]李源,刘伟,刘薇,等.各向异性全速度建模技术在山地地震成像中的应用[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):157-164.LI Yuan,LIU Wei,LIU Wei,et al. Application of anisotropic fullvelocity modeling technique in mountain seismic imaging[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):157-164.
[2]熊翥.复杂地区地震数据处理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:112-147.XIONG Zhu. Seismic data processiong in complex areas[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:112-147.
[3] THOMSEN L. Weak elastic anisotropy[J]. Geophysics,1986,51(10):1 954-1 966.
[4] PEDERSEN O,URSIN B,STOVAS A. Wide-angle phase-slowness approximations in VTI media[J]. Geophysics,2007,72(4):S177-S185.
[5] SCHLEICHER J,ALEIXO R. Time and depth remigration in elliptically anisotropic media using image-wave propagation[J]. Geophysics,2007,72(1):S1-S9.
[6] DOUMA H,MIRKOV D B. Rational interpolation of qP-traveltimes for semblance-based anisotropy estimation in layered VTI media[J].Geophysics,2008,73(4):D53-D62.
[7]苏勤,贺振华,田彦灿,等.山前带复杂构造成像中叠前深度偏移方法研究及应用[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(4):571-575.SU Qin,HE Zhenhua,TIAN Yancan,et al. Research and application of pre-stack depth migration method in piedmont complex structure imaging[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(4):571-575.
[8]谢会文,吴超,徐振平,等. TTI各向异性叠前深度偏移在高陡构造区应用——以BD三维区为例[J].物探化探计算技术,2013,35(4):399-403.XIE Huiwen,WU Chao,XU Zhenping,et al. Application in precipitous structure area using the prestack depth migration in TTI media[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,35(4):399-403.
[9]徐敏,杨晓,王静,等.叠前深度偏移技术在复杂断块井位目标优化中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(3):73-78.XU Min,YANG Xiao,WANG Jing,et al. Application of pre-stack depth migration technology for optimization of well location target in complicated faulted block structure[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(3):73-78.
[10]黄元溢,罗仁泽,王进海,等.几种叠前深度偏移技术效果对比[J].物探与化探,2011,35(6):798-803.HUANG Yuanyi,LUO Renze,WANG Jinhai,et al. A comparison of the application effects of several prestack depth migration techniques[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(6):798-803.
[11]夏常亮,王永明,夏密丽,等. VTI介质克希霍夫叠前深度偏移及其应用[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(6):732-736.XIA Changliang,WANG Yongming,XIA Mili,et al. VTI media Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration technology and its application[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(6):732-736.
[12]李道善,成剑冰,谢会文,等.克希霍夫叠前时间偏移技术在库车山地的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(5):541-543.LI Daoshan,CHENG Jianbing,XIE Huiwen,et al. Application of Kirchhoff prestack time migration technique in Kuqa mountainous area[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(5):541-543.
[13]田彦灿,曾华会,鲁烈琴,等.各向异性叠前偏移技术及应用[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(5):533-536.TIAN Yancan,ZENG Huahui,LU Lieqin,et al. Anisotropic prestack migration technique and its application[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(5):533-536.
[14]陆道林,迪帮让,孙哲,等.弱信号地震数据目标处理技术[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(2):222-224.LU Daolin,DI Bangrang,SUN Zhe,et al. Target processing technology of weak signal seismic data[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(2):222-224.
[15]李源,刘伟,刘薇,等.各向异性全速度建模技术在山地地震成像中的应用[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):157-164.LI Yuan,LIU Wei,LIU Wei,et al. Application of anisotropic fullvelocity modeling technique in mountain seismic imaging[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):157-164.