白三叶初始密度对种群动态和生产力的影响
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摘要
开展牧草初始密度对种群动态和生产力影响的研究,对确定合理播种量、保障种群稳定性和生产力有重要意义。本试验在温室条件下,探索白三叶(Trifulium repens)不同初始密度对植株和生长点动态与生物量等种群特性的影响。结果表明,不同初始密度下植株都存在自疏现象,密度越高,个体死亡率越高,但是生长点数没有显著差异;植株密度对生长点数、地上生物量、总生物量等性状影响不显著,生长点数与地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量等呈显著正相关;地上生物量、总生物量遵循产量恒定法则。这说明,具有根孽性的白三叶牧草,植株个体间竞争随播种密度的增加而加剧,生长点在较大播种范围内保持相对稳定的数量,是影响种群生物量的重要因子。
How initial plant density affecting the population dynamics and productivity is a key issue to determine the optimal sowing rate and to maintain pasture stability and productivity.This study was taken in glasshouse aiming to explore the self-thinning pattern and production of white clover,with 8 plant densities and 3 replicates in a randomized complete design.The results showed that self-thinning occurred in all the treatments,the higher plant density the higher death rate was;The final plant density positively responded to initial density but growing point density did not;Plant density had no significant effects on growing point density,aboveground biomass and total biomass;However,above and belowground biomass and total biomass significantly related to growing point density;Above ground biomass and total biomass followed the law of constant final-yield.The results suggested that plants like white clover,the intraspecific competition intensified as sowing rate increased.Growing point density maintains relatively stable in a wide range of sowing rate and is a major factor for productivity.
How initial plant density affecting the population dynamics and productivity is a key issue to determine the optimal sowing rate and to maintain pasture stability and productivity.This study was taken in glasshouse aiming to explore the self-thinning pattern and production of white clover,with 8 plant densities and 3 replicates in a randomized complete design.The results showed that self-thinning occurred in all the treatments,the higher plant density the higher death rate was;The final plant density positively responded to initial density but growing point density did not;Plant density had no significant effects on growing point density,aboveground biomass and total biomass;However,above and belowground biomass and total biomass significantly related to growing point density;Above ground biomass and total biomass followed the law of constant final-yield.The results suggested that plants like white clover,the intraspecific competition intensified as sowing rate increased.Growing point density maintains relatively stable in a wide range of sowing rate and is a major factor for productivity.
引文
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[20]Gustine D L,Huff D R.Genetic variation within and among white clover populations from managed permanent pastures of the northeastern USA[J].Crop Science,1999,39(2):524-530
[21]王元素,李莉,孔玲.百年足球运动场白三叶草坪群落特征研究[J].草原与草坪,2012,32(2):55-60
[22]肖雪君,周青平,陈有军,等.播种量对高寒牧区林纳燕麦生产性能及光合特性的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(4):761-771
[23]潘艳,杨学东,何胜江.移栽密度对白三叶密度和生物量的影响[J].草地学报,2011,19(1):86-89
[24]王元素.贵州草地畜牧业技术[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2015:47-49
[25]陈阳,陈雅君,周阳,等.三叶草不同品种茎结构特征与抗旱性的关系[J].草地学报,2012,20(4):686-691
[26]王元素,陈全功,樊晓东.云贵高原山区草地生物改良技术研究[J].草业科学,2004,21(2):30-34
[2]Yoda K,Kira T,Ogawa H.Self-thinning in overcrowded pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions[J].Journal of Biology of Osaka City University,1963(14):107-129
[3]张璐,唐建军,叶宝兴,等.植物群落密度调控研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,30(2):0455-0461
[4]林兴生,林辉,林冬梅,等.种植密度与施肥对巨菌草农艺性状和生产性能的影响[J].草地学报,2018,26(6):1525-1528
[5]Suckling F E T.Hill Pasture Improvement[M].Newton:King Group,1975:11-18
[6]洪绂曾.中国多年生栽培草种区划[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1989:104-126
[7]王元素,李莉,王堃.喀斯特地区三叶草混播草地群落组分20年动态[J].草地学报,2014,22(3):475-480
[8]Hodgson J.Grazing Management:Science into Practice[M].New York:Longman Scientific&Technical,1990:11-12
[9]张贤,张英俊,吴维群.白三叶RAPD分析条件优化[J].草地学报,2006,14(3):219-222
[10]洪绂曾.中国多年生草种栽培技术[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1990:150-155
[11]黎磊,周道玮,盛连喜.植物种群自疏过程中构件生物量与密度的关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):3987-3997
[12]Lee J M,Thom E R,Wynn K.High perennial ryegrass seeding rates reduce plant size and survival during the first year after sowing:does this have implications for pasture sward persistence?[J].Grass and Forage Science,2016(8):1-19
[13]王彦华,王成章,李德锋,等.播种量和品种对紫花苜蓿植株动态变化、产量及品质的影响[J].草业学报,2017,34(2):123-135
[14]Begon M.Density and individual fitness:Asymmetric competition[M]//Shorrocks B.ed.Evolutionary Ecology.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1984:179-194
[15]Sale P E.Maintenance of high diversity in coral reef fish communities[J].American Naturalist,1977(111):337-359
[16]Bullock J M.Plant competition and population dynamics[M]//Hodgson J,Illius A M,ed.The ecology and management of grazing systems.Wallingford:CABI Publishing,1996:69-100
[17]陈仁飞,姬明飞,关佳威,等.植物对称性竞争与非对称性竞争研究进展及展望[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(5):530-540
[18]Schwinning S,Weiner J.Mechanisms determining the degree of size asymmetry in competition among plants[J].Oikos,1998(72):422-432
[19]Sheath G W,Clark D A.Management of grazing system:temperate pastures[M]//Hodgson J,Illius A M,ed.The ecology and management of grazing systems.Wallingford:CABI Publishing,1996:301-324
[20]Gustine D L,Huff D R.Genetic variation within and among white clover populations from managed permanent pastures of the northeastern USA[J].Crop Science,1999,39(2):524-530
[21]王元素,李莉,孔玲.百年足球运动场白三叶草坪群落特征研究[J].草原与草坪,2012,32(2):55-60
[22]肖雪君,周青平,陈有军,等.播种量对高寒牧区林纳燕麦生产性能及光合特性的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(4):761-771
[23]潘艳,杨学东,何胜江.移栽密度对白三叶密度和生物量的影响[J].草地学报,2011,19(1):86-89
[24]王元素.贵州草地畜牧业技术[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2015:47-49
[25]陈阳,陈雅君,周阳,等.三叶草不同品种茎结构特征与抗旱性的关系[J].草地学报,2012,20(4):686-691
[26]王元素,陈全功,樊晓东.云贵高原山区草地生物改良技术研究[J].草业科学,2004,21(2):30-34