新疆巴仁杏采收与贮运技术研究
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摘要
巴仁杏是南疆鲜食加工皆宜的地方特色果品,但采收期集中、果实易腐且采后加工技术匮乏,严重制约了巴仁杏产业化发展。为了扩大巴仁杏销售范围、满足电商平台需要,以"苏卡亚格里克"巴仁杏为试验材料,初步研究采收成熟度、运输包装方式和贮藏方法对巴仁杏贮藏时间的影响。结果显示,从不同的采收成熟度来看,与七成熟果实相比,十成熟果实外观好,甜度最高,但硬度最低,不耐贮藏;八、九成熟果实外观色彩鲜亮,甜度和硬度较高,适合远距离运输。从运输包装方式来看,冷链运输中结合1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)处理的果实贮藏期较长;从不同贮藏方式来看,冷藏对果实贮藏效果比常温和气调贮藏好。综合所有研究结果推测,八成熟采收、1-MCP处理结合冷链运输、8℃以下的低温将有利于巴仁杏远距离销售和贮藏时间延长。
Baren apricot is a famous local characteristic fruit in the south of Xinjiang province which is suitable both for fresh-eating and processing. However,the development of Baren apricot is seriously restricted because of short harvest period,perishable,and lacking of postharvest technology. In order to expand the distribution scope and meet the needs of the e-commerce platform,Sukayakrik Baren apricot fruit was used as the material to investigate the influence of harvest maturity,transport packaging and storage method on its shelf life. The results showed that compared with seven maturity apricot fruit,the fully mature fruit had better appearance,best sweetness,lowest hardness while more difficult to store;eight or nine maturity fruit got a good appearance,lower acidity,higher sweetness and hardness,and was suitable for long distance transportation and storage. The cold-chain transport package combined with 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)treatment could prolong the storage period. Compared with ambient storage and modified atmosphere storage,cold storage gave fruit longer life.This study suggested that harvested at eight maturity stage,packed with 1-MCP during cold-chain transportation,and refrigerated below 8 ℃ might be useful to extend the Baren apricot sale distance and shelf life.
Baren apricot is a famous local characteristic fruit in the south of Xinjiang province which is suitable both for fresh-eating and processing. However,the development of Baren apricot is seriously restricted because of short harvest period,perishable,and lacking of postharvest technology. In order to expand the distribution scope and meet the needs of the e-commerce platform,Sukayakrik Baren apricot fruit was used as the material to investigate the influence of harvest maturity,transport packaging and storage method on its shelf life. The results showed that compared with seven maturity apricot fruit,the fully mature fruit had better appearance,best sweetness,lowest hardness while more difficult to store;eight or nine maturity fruit got a good appearance,lower acidity,higher sweetness and hardness,and was suitable for long distance transportation and storage. The cold-chain transport package combined with 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)treatment could prolong the storage period. Compared with ambient storage and modified atmosphere storage,cold storage gave fruit longer life.This study suggested that harvested at eight maturity stage,packed with 1-MCP during cold-chain transportation,and refrigerated below 8 ℃ might be useful to extend the Baren apricot sale distance and shelf life.
引文
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[7]EGEA I,FLORES F B,MARTINEZ-MADRID M C,et al.1-Methylcyclopropene affects the antioxidant system of apricots(Prunus armeniaca L.cv.Búlida)during storage at low temperature[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2010,90(4):549-555
[8]牛希跃,刘华英,任少东,等.冷藏对库车小白果实硬度及相关指标的影响[J].科技视界,2015(36):42-43
[9]王炜,刘红锦,王毓宁,等.气调贮藏对金太阳杏贮藏品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2011,27(2):396-400
[10]ZHANG M,MENG X,BHANDARI B,et al.Recent developments in film and gas research in modified atmosphere packaging of fresh foods[J].Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,2016,56(13):2174-2182
[11]杨婷婷,朱璇,向玉洁,等.采收成熟度对果实贮藏品质的影响[J].现代食品科技,2015(7):277-282
[12]敬媛媛,杨婷婷,马玄,等.不同成熟度杏果实采后细胞壁物质代谢规律的研究[J].现代食品科技,2017,33(5):103-108
[13]郭香凤,向进乐,史国安,等.1-MCP对凯特果实实采后糖酸组分与含量的影响[J].保鲜与加工,2008(5):30-33
[14]赵迎丽,王春生,闫根柱,等.1-MCP处理对凯特杏室温贮藏品质的影响[J].中国果树,2013(1):31-34
[15]王瑞庆,冯建华,魏雯雯,等.1-MCP处理和气调贮藏对赛买提杏冷藏效果的影响[J].食品科学,2013,34(20):287-290
[16]杨娟侠,鲁墨森.1-MCP对金太阳杏采后生理和保鲜效果的影响[J].北方园艺,2008(1):235-237
[2]宋永宏,杨晓华,李静江,等.不同杏品种果实营养成分分析及综合评价[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(23):65-71
[3]刘路.果实采后生理及贮藏保鲜技术的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2010
[4]CAO J K,ZHAO Y M,WANG M,et al.Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on apricot fruit quality,decay,and on physiological and biochemical metabolism during shelf-life following long-term cold storage[J].Journal of Pomology and Horticultural Science and Biotechnology,2009,84(6):672-676
[5]孙守文,王静,刘凤兰,等.1-MCP处理对巴仁杏冷藏期间生理特性的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(6):1049-1055
[6]吴芳,周江,朱尤可,等.水杨酸和1-甲基环丙烯处理对赛买提杏冷藏后货架期品质的影响[J].食品科技,2016(3):52-57
[7]EGEA I,FLORES F B,MARTINEZ-MADRID M C,et al.1-Methylcyclopropene affects the antioxidant system of apricots(Prunus armeniaca L.cv.Búlida)during storage at low temperature[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2010,90(4):549-555
[8]牛希跃,刘华英,任少东,等.冷藏对库车小白果实硬度及相关指标的影响[J].科技视界,2015(36):42-43
[9]王炜,刘红锦,王毓宁,等.气调贮藏对金太阳杏贮藏品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2011,27(2):396-400
[10]ZHANG M,MENG X,BHANDARI B,et al.Recent developments in film and gas research in modified atmosphere packaging of fresh foods[J].Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,2016,56(13):2174-2182
[11]杨婷婷,朱璇,向玉洁,等.采收成熟度对果实贮藏品质的影响[J].现代食品科技,2015(7):277-282
[12]敬媛媛,杨婷婷,马玄,等.不同成熟度杏果实采后细胞壁物质代谢规律的研究[J].现代食品科技,2017,33(5):103-108
[13]郭香凤,向进乐,史国安,等.1-MCP对凯特果实实采后糖酸组分与含量的影响[J].保鲜与加工,2008(5):30-33
[14]赵迎丽,王春生,闫根柱,等.1-MCP处理对凯特杏室温贮藏品质的影响[J].中国果树,2013(1):31-34
[15]王瑞庆,冯建华,魏雯雯,等.1-MCP处理和气调贮藏对赛买提杏冷藏效果的影响[J].食品科学,2013,34(20):287-290
[16]杨娟侠,鲁墨森.1-MCP对金太阳杏采后生理和保鲜效果的影响[J].北方园艺,2008(1):235-237