缅甸的地缘环境演化及中缅合作启示
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摘要
缅甸是"一带一路"沿线的重要国家,分析和研究缅甸的地缘环境对推进中缅合作具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文建构了多尺度的地缘环境分析框架,系统地分析了缅甸的地缘环境特征,并在对缅甸地缘环境、政体及战略演化进行阐述的基础上,分析了中缅合作面临的困难和机遇,探讨了"人"字形中缅经济走廊建设背景下中缅合作的主要领域。缅甸是大国角力的地缘破碎地带、大湄公河次区域的战略边缘区、山地与平原切割的多民族割据地缘空间。由于复杂的地缘环境,缅甸在史前及封建王朝、近代殖民时期、内战及军政府时期,以及后民主化改革时期分别采取了不同的地缘战略。在"一带一路"背景下,中缅合作具有广阔的潜力,促进双方互联互通,互利共赢,能够为两国的发展注入新鲜活力。
Myanmar is an important country along the "Belt and Road Initiative", which has important theoretical and practical significance to analyze the Myanmar's geo-environment for bilateral cooperation between China and Myanmar. This paper constructed a multi-scale geo-environmental analysis framework, systematically featuressystematic the geopolitical characteristics of Myanmar, and explores the difficulties and opportunities faced by China-Myanmar cooperation based on the explanation of Myanmar's geopolitical environment, and discussed the main areas of China-Myanmar cooperation under the background of the construction of the "Y-Shape" economic corridor. Myanmar is a geographically fragmented area of big powers, strategic marginal zone of the Mekong subregion, multi-ethnic separatist geopolitical space. Due to the complex geopolitical environment, Myanmar adopted different geostrategies in the feudal dynasties, the modern colonial period, the civil war and the military government, and the post-democratic reform period. In the context of the"Belt and Road Initiative", China-Myanmar cooperation will be improved by promoting mutual connectivity in fields of economics, culture and infrastructure, which will go a long way toward accelerating both countries' development.
Myanmar is an important country along the "Belt and Road Initiative", which has important theoretical and practical significance to analyze the Myanmar's geo-environment for bilateral cooperation between China and Myanmar. This paper constructed a multi-scale geo-environmental analysis framework, systematically featuressystematic the geopolitical characteristics of Myanmar, and explores the difficulties and opportunities faced by China-Myanmar cooperation based on the explanation of Myanmar's geopolitical environment, and discussed the main areas of China-Myanmar cooperation under the background of the construction of the "Y-Shape" economic corridor. Myanmar is a geographically fragmented area of big powers, strategic marginal zone of the Mekong subregion, multi-ethnic separatist geopolitical space. Due to the complex geopolitical environment, Myanmar adopted different geostrategies in the feudal dynasties, the modern colonial period, the civil war and the military government, and the post-democratic reform period. In the context of the"Belt and Road Initiative", China-Myanmar cooperation will be improved by promoting mutual connectivity in fields of economics, culture and infrastructure, which will go a long way toward accelerating both countries' development.
引文
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[22]董南.缅甸的工业及其发展.东南亚,2005(4):33-37.
[2]岳弘彬.五周年!“一带一路”再出发,习近平的这些提法意味深远.[2018-09-07], http://politics.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0907/c1001-30279642.html.
[3]宋涛,李玏,胡志丁.地缘合作的理论框架探讨-以东南亚为例.世界地理研究,2016,25(01):1-11.
[4] Kong L.The Belt and Road Initiative and China's foreign policy toward its territorial and boundary disputes.China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies,2015,1(2):325-345.
[5]胡志丁,葛岳静,鲍捷,等.南亚地缘环境的空间格局与分异规律研究.地理科学,2013,33(06):685-692.
[6]彭飞,韩增林.东海问题的周边地缘环境解析.世界地理研究,2014,23(02):35-42.
[7]李灿松,葛岳静,马纳,等.基于行为主体的缅甸排华思潮产生及其原因解析.世界地理研究,2015,24(2):20-30.
[8] Dadabaev T."Silk Road"as foreign policy discourse:The construction of Chinese, Japanese and Korean engagement strategies in Central Asia. Journal of Eurasian Studies,2017,9(1):30-41.
[9] Sidaway J D, Woon C Y.Chinese narratives on"One Belt, One Road"in geopolitical and imperial contexts.The Professional Geographer,2017,69(4):1-13.
[10]岳德明.冷战后缅甸对华政策刍议.外交评论:外交学院学报,2005(4):57-63.
[11]索尔·伯纳德·科恩.地缘政治学:国际关系的地理学.严春松,译.上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2011.
[12]汪爱平.泰缅边境的缅甸难民问题.东南亚纵横,2013(6):24-28.
[13] Abe M.Growing Through Manufacturing:Myanmar’s Industrial Transformation. ARTNet Working Paper Series No. 145, Bangkok, ESCAP.2014.
[14]宋涛.中国对缅甸直接投资的发展特征及趋势研究.世界地理研究,2016,25(4):40-47
[15] World Bank. http://www.worldbank.org/data/
[16] Asian Development Bank.https://www.adb.org/.
[17] ADB. Country Operations Business Plan:Myanmar, 2015–2017. SECTOR ASSESSMENT(SUMMARY):Agriculture, Natural Resources, Andrural Development.
[18]中华人民共和国驻缅甸联邦共和国大使馆经济商务参赞处.缅甸议会通过新外国投资法. http://mm.mofcom.
[19]中华人民共和国驻缅甸联邦共和国大使馆经济商务参赞处.缅甸将给予外国公司8年免税待遇.[2012-02-25],http://mm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ddfg/201202/20120207983337.shtml.
[20]中华人民共和国商务部. 2014-2015财年缅甸贸易额超277亿美元.[2015-04-02], http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/j/201504/20150400931706.shtml.
[21]搜狐网.经济走廊重塑中缅关系:云南角色日趋重要.[2017-12-18], https://www.sohu.com/a/211332952_346681.
[22]董南.缅甸的工业及其发展.东南亚,2005(4):33-37.